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中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
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GST,p < 0.001) and low levels of seed-based gene flow. C. debaoensis (Cycadaceae) is an endangered species restricted to the border of Guangxi and Yunnan province in southwest China. This species has been classified into two types: sand and karst, according to the soil matrix they grow on. We examined chloroplast sequence variation of the cpDNA sequences from 11 populations of this species. Significant population genetic differentiation was detected (GST= 0.684 and FST = 0.74160). There was marked genetic differentiation between populations in the sand and karst regions and no expansion was detected. Climate changes during glacial periods have had significant effects on the current distribution of cycads. The molecular phylogenetic data, together with the geographic distribution of the haplotypes, suggest that C. debaoensis experienced range contraction during glacial periods, and that the current populations are still confined to the original refugia in southwest China which have favorable habitats in glacial period. These results imply that small refugia were maintained in both sand and karst regions during the LGM (last glacial maximum). This species had no postglacial recolonization and only stayed in these refugia up to now. The low within-population diversity of C. debaoensis suggests that there were strong bottleneck events or founder effects within each separate region during the Quaternary climatic oscillations. Relatively high genetic and haplotype diversities were detected in the newly discovered populations, which located at intermediate locality of sand regions and had morphological variation; this is probably the consequence of the admixture of different haplotypes colonizing the area from separate sources. C. micholitzii occurs in the Annan Highlands in central Vietnam near the Laos border. C. bifida occurs in North Vietnam; its distribution extends across the border into adjacent localities in Guangxi and Yunnan in China. For the comparability between them,theywere considered as the same species C. micholitzii by many academicians. The cpDNA sequences from 11 populations showed that these very controversial species, C. micholitzii and C. bifida, is paraphyletic and should belong to the same species C. micholitzii. AMOVA analysis showed that the component of among-population within region/species (76.46%) was unexpectedly larger than the among-species/region component (14.97%), which also indicates that there is no justification for recognizing two species as C. micholitzii and C. bifida. This hypothesis was also supported by the geological data, especially the neotectonic history of the indo-china block, which started to move south since Oligocene and cause the geographic isolation of these two groups. Therefore, the most likely explanation to the phenotypic similarities between these two groups may be the retention of ancestral polymorphisms in the paraphyletic group due to incomplete lineage sorting. Furthermore, the similarities may also be ascribed to pollen-mediated gene flow among geographically proximate populations and/or phenotypic convergence under similar selection schemes in the same region. C.micholitzi had the higest genetic diversity (HT = 0.980,) and genetic differentiation (GST = 0.830, NST = 0.915) among the C. micholitzii complex. The high genetic diversity might be attributed to its long evolutionary history, highly diverse habitats. The ineffective mode of seed dispersal and dramatic neotectonic movement in the distribution range of this species could result in the high genetic differentiation. 2. Phylogeographic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal sequences, We sequenced the nrDNA ITS in all 27 populations sampled, 7 haplotypes were identified, among which C. micholitzii had 6, while C. multipinnata, C. longipetiolula and C. debaoensis shared the remaining one. Compared to chloroplast genes, nuclear genes had higher correlation between genetic and geographical distance, but lower interspecies differentiation (54.42% vs 25.24%). Phylogeographical structure of C. micholitzii and C.bifida based on ITS Variation was consistent with the morphology differentiation. This similar in nuclear gene should be ascribed to pollen-mediated gene flow among geographically proximate populations.Long-distance gene flow over the two groups was clearly interrupted, which brought on the nrDNA genetic differenciation between the geographically isolated groups, to a certain extent affected the morphological variation. 3. Interspecies relationships among Cycas micholitzii complex, We analysed chloroplast sequence variation of the atpB-rbcL and psbA-trnH intergenic spacers in 27 populations sampled of C. micholitzii complex, AMOVA analysis showed that the component of among-species/region component (59.21%). However, phylogenic analysis showed that the haplotypes of C. micholitzii complex couldn`t grouped into four clusters closely corresponding to the narrowly defined C. micholitzi, C. multipinnata, C. debaoensis and C. longipetiolula. We concluded that the conflict may result from several factors: firstly incomplete lineage sorting of C. micholitzii; secondly hybridization/introgression of sympatrically cycads, which would be supported by evidence base on nrDNA ITS sequences; thirdly intramolecular recombination in cpDNA of cycads; eventually the neotectonic movement in the distribution range of this species.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Betulaceae&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACycas%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex%5C+is%5C+composed%5C+of%5C+5%5C+species%5C%3A%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+Dyer%2C%5C+C.%5C+bifida%5C+%5C%28Dyer%5C%29%5C+K.%5C+D.%5C+Hill%2CC.%5C+longipetiolula%5C+D.%5C+Y.%5C+Wang%2C%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+Y.%5C+C.%5C+Zhong%5C+et%5C+C%5C+J.%5C+Chen%2C%5C+C.%5C+multipinnata%5C+C%5C+J.%5C+Chen%5C+et%5C+S.%5C+Y.%5C+Yang%EF%BC%8Cand%5C+distributed%5C+from%5C+southwest%5C+China%5C+to%5C+central%5C+Vietnam%5C+and%5C+eastern%5C+Laos.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+sequence%5C+data%5C+from%5C+two%5C+maternally%5C+inherited%5C+cpDNA%5C+and%5C+one%5C+biparentally%5C+nuclear%5C+DNA%5C+fragments%2C%5C+our%5C+study%5C+revealed%5C+the%5C+population%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex%5C+and%5C+explored%5C+the%5C+potential%5C+causes.%5C+The%5C+evolutionary%5C+and%5C+demographic%5C+histories%5C+were%5C+investigated.%5C+The%5C+genetic%5C+relationship%5C+among%5C+species%5C+in%5C+the%5C+complex%5C+was%5C+also%5C+clarified.The%5C+results%5C+were%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A%5C+1.%5C+Phylogeographic%5C+analysis%5C+based%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequences%EF%BC%8CWe%5C+examined%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequence%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+atpB%5C-rbcLand%5C+psbA%5C-trnHintergenic%5C+spacers%5C+in%5C+27%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex%2C%5C+recovering%5C+26%5C+haplotypes.%5C+The%5C+average%5C+within%5C-population%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HS%5C+%3D%5C+0.140%5C%29%5C+was%5C+low%5C+while%5C+total%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HT%5C+%3D%5C+0.911%5C%29%5C+was%5C+high.%5C+Population%5C+differentiation%5C+was%5C+also%5C+high%5C%28GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.846%2C%5C+NST%5C+%3D%5C+0.919%5C%29%2C%5C+indicating%5C+significant%5C+phylogeographical%5C+structure%5C+%5C%28NST%5C+%3E%5C+GST%2Cp%5C+%3C%5C+0.001%5C%29%5C+and%5C+low%5C+levels%5C+of%5C+seed%5C-based%5C+gene%5C+flow.%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+%5C%28Cycadaceae%5C%29%5C+is%5C+an%5C+endangered%5C+species%5C+restricted%5C+to%5C+the%5C+border%5C+of%5C+Guangxi%5C+and%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%5C+in%5C+southwest%5C+China.%5C+This%5C+species%5C+has%5C+been%5C+classified%5C+into%5C+two%5C+types%5C%3A%5C+sand%5C+and%5C+karst%2C%5C+according%5C+to%5C+the%5C+soil%5C+matrix%5C+they%5C+grow%5C+on.%5C+We%5C+examined%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequence%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+cpDNA%5C+sequences%5C+from%5C+11%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species.%5C+Significant%5C+population%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+was%5C+detected%5C+%5C%28GST%3D%5C+0.684%5C+and%5C+FST%5C+%3D%5C+0.74160%5C%29.%5C+There%5C+was%5C+marked%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+between%5C+populations%5C+in%5C+the%5C+sand%5C+and%5C+karst%5C+regions%5C+and%5C+no%5C+expansion%5C+was%5C+detected.%5C+Climate%5C+changes%5C+during%5C+glacial%5C+periods%5C+have%5C+had%5C+significant%5C+effects%5C+on%5C+the%5C+current%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+cycads.%5C+The%5C+molecular%5C+phylogenetic%5C+data%2C%5C+together%5C+with%5C+the%5C+geographic%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+the%5C+haplotypes%2C%5C+suggest%5C+that%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+experienced%5C+range%5C+contraction%5C+during%5C+glacial%5C+periods%2C%5C+and%5C+that%5C+the%5C+current%5C+populations%5C+are%5C+still%5C+confined%5C+to%5C+the%5C+original%5C+refugia%5C+in%5C+southwest%5C+China%5C+which%5C+have%5C+favorable%5C+habitats%5C+in%5C+glacial%5C+period.%5C+These%5C+results%5C+imply%5C+that%5C+small%5C+refugia%5C+were%5C+maintained%5C+in%5C+both%5C+sand%5C+and%5C+karst%5C+regions%5C+during%5C+the%5C+LGM%5C+%5C%28last%5C+glacial%5C+maximum%5C%29.%5C+This%5C+species%5C+had%5C+no%5C+postglacial%5C+recolonization%5C+and%5C+only%5C+stayed%5C+in%5C+these%5C+refugia%5C+up%5C+to%5C+now.%5C+The%5C+low%5C+within%5C-population%5C+diversity%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+suggests%5C+that%5C+there%5C+were%5C+strong%5C+bottleneck%5C+events%5C+or%5C+founder%5C+effects%5C+within%5C+each%5C+separate%5C+region%5C+during%5C+the%5C+Quaternary%5C+climatic%5C+oscillations.%5C+Relatively%5C+high%5C+genetic%5C+and%5C+haplotype%5C+diversities%5C+were%5C+detected%5C+in%5C+the%5C+newly%5C+discovered%5C+populations%2C%5C+which%5C+located%5C+at%5C+intermediate%5C+locality%5C+of%5C+sand%5C+regions%5C+and%5C+had%5C+morphological%5C+variation%5C%3B%5C+this%5C+is%5C+probably%5C+the%5C+consequence%5C+of%5C+the%5C+admixture%5C+of%5C+different%5C+haplotypes%5C+colonizing%5C+the%5C+area%5C+from%5C+separate%5C+sources.%5C+%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+occurs%5C+in%5C+the%5C+Annan%5C+Highlands%5C+in%5C+central%5C+Vietnam%5C+near%5C+the%5C+Laos%5C+border.%5C+C.%5C+bifida%5C+occurs%5C+in%5C+North%5C+Vietnam%5C%3B%5C+its%5C+distribution%5C+extends%5C+across%5C+the%5C+border%5C+into%5C+adjacent%5C+localities%5C+in%5C+Guangxi%5C+and%5C+Yunnan%5C+in%5C+China.%5C+For%5C+the%5C+comparability%5C+between%5C+them%2Ctheywere%5C+considered%5C+as%5C+the%5C+same%5C+species%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+by%5C+many%5C+academicians.%5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the rapid uplift of the Himalaya, the reorganization of the major river drainages was primarily caused by river capture events，e.g. those of the Jinshajiang River (comprising the Upper, Middle and Lower Jinshajiang) and its tributaries (Yalongjiang, Daduhe, Jialingjiang), the Nujiang, the Lancangjiang, and the Honghe. We selected Terminalia franchetii var. franchetii and T. franchetii var. intricata in the Sino-Himalayan region to study the relationship with Honghe diversion events. The distribution of this species is predicted to have retained genetic signatures of past hydrological landscape structures. The major result as flowing:1. Chloroplast phylogeography of T. franchetii based on haplotype analysis，Based on a range-wide sampling comprising 28 populations and 258 individuals, and using chloroplast DNA sequences (trnL-trnF, petL-psbE), we detected 12 haplotypes. Terminalia franchetii was found to harbour high haplotype diversity (hT = 0.784) but low average within-population diversity (hS = 0.124). The analysis of genetic structure using SAMOVA showed that the number of population groups equaled five, and all the haplotypes can be divided into five groups. Group B and C identified exhibited a disjunctive distribution of dominant haplotypes between northern and southern valleys, corresponding to the geography of past rather than modern drainage systems.Mismatch distribution (multimodal curve) and neutral tests provided no evidence of recent demographic population growth. We suggest that the modern disjunctive distribution of T. franchetii, and associated patterns of cpDNA haplotype variation, result from vicariance caused by several historical river separation and capture events. By assuming a common mutation rate of the cpDNA-IGS regions, our inferred timings of these events (0.82-4.39 Mya) broadly agrees with both previous geological and molecular estimated time of drainage rearrangements in this region. So we conclude that there were several historical vicariance events play a major role for the distribution of T. franchetii in this region.2. Genetic diversity and structure of T. franchetii var. franchetii based on AFLP analysis，We determined the genotype of 251 individuals of T. franchetii var. franchetii from 21 populations using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), for our aim is only investigated the relationship between the modern distribution of T. franchetii and geological changes in drainage patterns. The overall estimate of genetic structure (Gst) was 0.249, indicating that clear genetic differentiation existed among the populations. Estimates of gene flow (Nm = 0.754) between populations based on the Gst value revealed that the number of migrants per generation is not frequently.Using Neighbor-Joining tree, Principal Coordinates Analysis, STRUCTURE and network methods, Analyses of AFLP markers identified two main population groups (I and II) and four subgroups (A – D) of T. franchetii. Genetic diversity was lower in Group I than in Group II. The results show that Groups I and II probably once occupied continuous areas respectively along ancient drainage systems and there were several historical separation and capture events that can account for the distribution of T. franchetii in this region. After all，these are good examples of the way in which historical events can change a species’ distribution from continuous to fragmented (Jinshajiang/ Yalongjiang and Honghe), and a disjunct distribution to a continuous one (Upper/Lower Jinshajiang and Yalongjiang). The results provide new insights into the phylogeographic pattern of plants in southwest China.3. Relationships between T. franchetii var. franchetii and T. franchetii var. intricata ，While T. franchetii var. Franchetii and var. intricata slightly differ in overall size and leaf hairiness, these taxa did not exhibit reciprocal monophyly. As results show, the genetic difference between the two varieties is much smaller than that within var. franchetii (Salween population vs. other populationsof this variety). It is also revealed in a phylogenetic analysis of ITS region of Combretoideae. The habitats of var. franchetii and var. intricata have obviously difference. Thus, the differences between the two varieties in overall size and leaf hairiness might reflect different phenotypic responses to environmental changes and the divergent environmental niche spaces they occupy. Based on the reasoning above, we agree with Flora of China that “T. intricata” represents a variety of T. franchetii rather than a separate species.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Betulaceae&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AFollowing%5C+the%5C+rapid%5C+uplift%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Himalaya%2C%5C+the%5C+reorganization%5C+of%5C+the%5C+major%5C+river%5C+drainages%5C+was%5C+primarily%5C+caused%5C+by%5C+river%5C+capture%5C+events%EF%BC%8Ce.g.%5C+those%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+River%5C+%5C%28comprising%5C+the%5C+Upper%2C%5C+Middle%5C+and%5C+Lower%5C+Jinshajiang%5C%29%5C+and%5C+its%5C+tributaries%5C+%5C%28Yalongjiang%2C%5C+Daduhe%2C%5C+Jialingjiang%5C%29%2C%5C+the%5C+Nujiang%2C%5C+the%5C+Lancangjiang%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+Honghe.%5C+We%5C+selected%5C+Terminalia%5C+franchetii%5C+var.%5C+franchetii%5C+and%5C+T.%5C+franchetii%5C+var.%5C+intricata%5C+in%5C+the%5C+Sino%5C-Himalayan%5C+region%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+with%5C+Honghe%5C+diversion%5C+events.%5C+The%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%5C+is%5C+predicted%5C+to%5C+have%5C+retained%5C+genetic%5C+signatures%5C+of%5C+past%5C+hydrological%5C+landscape%5C+structures.%5C+The%5C+major%5C+result%5C+as%5C+flowing%5C%3A1.%5C+Chloroplast%5C+phylogeography%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+franchetii%5C+based%5C+on%5C+haplotype%5C+analysis%EF%BC%8CBased%5C+on%5C+a%5C+range%5C-wide%5C+sampling%5C+comprising%5C+28%5C+populations%5C+and%5C+258%5C+individuals%2C%5C+and%5C+using%5C+chloroplast%5C+DNA%5C+sequences%5C+%5C%28trnL%5C-trnF%2C%5C+petL%5C-psbE%5C%29%2C%5C+we%5C+detected%5C+12%5C+haplotypes.%5C+Terminalia%5C+franchetii%5C+was%5C+found%5C+to%5C+harbour%5C+high%5C+haplotype%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28hT%5C+%3D%5C+0.784%5C%29%5C+but%5C+low%5C+average%5C+within%5C-population%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28hS%5C+%3D%5C+0.124%5C%29.%5C+The%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+using%5C+SAMOVA%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+number%5C+of%5C+population%5C+groups%5C+equaled%5C+five%2C%5C+and%5C+all%5C+the%5C+haplotypes%5C+can%5C+be%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+five%5C+groups.%5C+Group%5C+B%5C+and%5C+C%5C+identified%5C+exhibited%5C+a%5C+disjunctive%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+dominant%5C+haplotypes%5C+between%5C+northern%5C+and%5C+southern%5C+valleys%2C%5C+corresponding%5C+to%5C+the%5C+geography%5C+of%5C+past%5C+rather%5C+than%5C+modern%5C+drainage%5C+systems.Mismatch%5C+distribution%5C+%5C%28multimodal%5C+curve%5C%29%5C+and%5C+neutral%5C+tests%5C+provided%5C+no%5C+evidence%5C+of%5C+recent%5C+demographic%5C+population%5C+growth.%5C+We%5C+suggest%5C+that%5C+the%5C+modern%5C+disjunctive%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+franchetii%2C%5C+and%5C+associated%5C+patterns%5C+of%5C+cpDNA%5C+haplotype%5C+variation%2C%5C+result%5C+from%5C+vicariance%5C+caused%5C+by%5C+several%5C+historical%5C+river%5C+separation%5C+and%5C+capture%5C+events.%5C+By%5C+assuming%5C+a%5C+common%5C+mutation%5C+rate%5C+of%5C+the%5C+cpDNA%5C-IGS%5C+regions%2C%5C+our%5C+inferred%5C+timings%5C+of%5C+these%5C+events%5C+%5C%280.82%5C-4.39%5C+Mya%5C%29%5C+broadly%5C+agrees%5C+with%5C+both%5C+previous%5C+geological%5C+and%5C+molecular%5C+estimated%5C+time%5C+of%5C+drainage%5C+rearrangements%5C+in%5C+this%5C+region.%5C+So%5C+we%5C+conclude%5C+that%5C+there%5C+were%5C+several%5C+historical%5C+vicariance%5C+events%5C+play%5C+a%5C+major%5C+role%5C+for%5C+the%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+franchetii%5C+in%5C+this%5C+region.2.%5C+Genetic%5C+diversity%5C+and%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+franchetii%5C+var.%5C+franchetii%5C+based%5C+on%5C+AFLP%5C+analysis%EF%BC%8CWe%5C+determined%5C+the%5C+genotype%5C+of%5C+251%5C+individuals%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+franchetii%5C+var.%5C+franchetii%5C+from%5C+21%5C+populations%5C+using%5C+amplified%5C+fragment%5C+length%5C+polymorphism%5C+%5C%28AFLP%5C%29%2C%5C+for%5C+our%5C+aim%5C+is%5C+only%5C+investigated%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+the%5C+modern%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+franchetii%5C+and%5C+geological%5C+changes%5C+in%5C+drainage%5C+patterns.%5C+The%5C+overall%5C+estimate%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+%5C%28Gst%5C%29%5C+was%5C+0.249%2C%5C+indicating%5C+that%5C+clear%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+existed%5C+among%5C+the%5C+populations.%5C+Estimates%5C+of%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+%5C%28Nm%5C+%3D%5C+0.754%5C%29%5C+between%5C+populations%5C+based%5C+on%5C+the%5C+Gst%5C+value%5C+revealed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+number%5C+of%5C+migrants%5C+per%5C+generation%5C+is%5C+not%5C+frequently.Using%5C+Neighbor%5C-Joining%5C+tree%2C%5C+Principal%5C+Coordinates%5C+Analysis%2C%5C+STRUCTURE%5C+and%5C+network%5C+methods%2C%5C+Analyses%5C+of%5C+AFLP%5C+markers%5C+identified%5C+two%5C+main%5C+population%5C+groups%5C+%5C%28I%5C+and%5C+II%5C%29%5C+and%5C+four%5C+subgroups%5C+%5C%28A%5C+%E2%80%93%5C+D%5C%29%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+franchetii.%5C+Genetic%5C+diversity%5C+was%5C+lower%5C+in%5C+Group%5C+I%5C+than%5C+in%5C+Group%5C+II.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+show%5C+that%5C+Groups%5C+I%5C+and%5C+II%5C+probably%5C+once%5C+occupied%5C+continuous%5C+areas%5C+respectively%5C+along%5C+ancient%5C+drainage%5C+systems%5C+and%5C+there%5C+were%5C+several%5C+historical%5C+separation%5C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of the State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[143107]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Betulaceae&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AFoundation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+State%5C+Key%5C+Laboratory%5C+of%5C+Paleobiology%5C+and%5C+Stratigraphy%2C%5C+Nanjing%5C+Institute%5C+of%5C+Geology%5C+and%5C+Paleontology%2C%5C+Chinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences%5C+%5C%28CAS%5C%29%5C%5B143107%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[153107]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Betulaceae&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AFoundation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+State%5C+Key%5C+Laboratory%5C+of%5C+Paleobiology%5C+and%5C+Stratigraphy%2C%5C+Nanjing%5C+Institute%5C+of%5C+Geology%5C+and%5C+Paleontology%2C%5C+Chinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences%5C+%5C%28CAS%5C%29%5C%5B153107%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Betulaceae&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AGerman%5C+Academic%5C+Exchange%5C+Service%5C+%5C%28DAAD%5C%29"},{"jsname":"In the present study, we focused on “Pterygiella complex”, included Pterygiella Oliver, Xizangia D.Y. Hong, Phtheirospermum Bunge ex Fischer & C.A. Meyer, and Pseudobartsia D.Y. Hong, which is endemic to Eastern Asia. Based on chloroplast and nuclear sequences, we explored their phylogeny relationships within Orobanchaceae, the species relations within Pterygiella, and fruit and seed morphology of traditional tribe Rhinantheae. The phylogeny of “Pterygiella complex” was reconstructed based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences within the family Orobanchaceae. The genera relationship within the complex was reconstructed based on chloroplast sequences of atpB-rbcL, atpH-I, psbA-trnH, rpl16, trnL-F and trnS-G. The results showed that “Pterygiella complex” was not a natural group and could be divided into two different clades. Clade I included most taxa, e.g. Pterygiella, Xizangia, Pseudobartsia, Phtheirospermum (exclude P. japonicum). The species of this clade were endemic to East-Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains region. Clade II included Phtheirospermum japonicum (Thunberg) Kanitz, which was a heterogeneous member in genus Phtheirospermum and should be treated as a new monotypic genus. The results supported that Pterygiella bartschioides Hand.-Mazz. and Phtheirospermum glandulosum Benth. should be elevated to genus level as Xizangia and Pseudobartsia, respectively.Furthermore, we focused on the genus Pterygiella to explore the species’ circumscription by molecular phylogeny, DNA barcodes and morphological studies. The results suggested that Pterygiella should divide into three clades. P. duclouxii was divided into clade I and clade II, and P. nigrescens was included the clade I of these P. duclouxii taxa, with which it shares eglandular hairs on the stem. Clade III included P. suffruticosa and P. cylindrica, while the level of inter- and intra-species variation in two species did not support their distinction. Therefore, P. suffruticosa should move into or considered as a variety of P. cylindrica. The form of stem, leaf veins and the indumentum of stems are key traits for circumscribing the species within the genus. By comparing the effectiveness with core DNA barcodes, ITS-2 can be used as suitable DNA barcode in the genus Pterygiella.Fruit and seed characteristics of 49 species in 21 genera of the tribe Rhinantheae and 9 species in 9 genera of Orobachaceae were examined. 25 characters were selected and analyzed by principal component analysis for discovering the systematic significances. The results suggested four main types and six subtypes were distinguished based on gross seed coat appearance, inner tangential wall and thickenings of radial wall. Fruit and seed data reflect the close relationships within “Pterygiella complex”. While, Xizangia was distinctly different from Pterygiella. Phtheirospermum tenuisectum was more similar to the member of section minutisepala within the genus Phtheiroseprmum. Phtheirospermum japonicum was heterogeneous within the genus Phtheirospermum. On the whole, fruit and seed data supported Xizangia and Pseudobartsia as a genus rank and Phtheirospermum japonicum was a heterogeneous member in Phtheirospermum","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Betulaceae&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AIn%5C+the%5C+present%5C+study%2C%5C+we%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D%2C%5C+included%5C+Pterygiella%5C+Oliver%2C%5C+Xizangia%5C+D.Y.%5C+Hong%2C%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+Bunge%5C+ex%5C+Fischer%5C+%5C%26%5C+C.A.%5C+Meyer%2C%5C+and%5C+Pseudobartsia%5C+D.Y.%5C+Hong%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+Eastern%5C+Asia.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%5C+and%5C+nuclear%5C+sequences%2C%5C+we%5C+explored%5C+their%5C+phylogeny%5C+relationships%5C+within%5C+Orobanchaceae%2C%5C+the%5C+species%5C+relations%5C+within%5C+Pterygiella%2C%5C+and%5C+fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+morphology%5C+of%5C+traditional%5C+tribe%5C+Rhinantheae.%5C+The%5C+phylogeny%5C+of%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D%5C+was%5C+reconstructed%5C+based%5C+on%5C+nuclear%5C+and%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequences%5C+within%5C+the%5C+family%5C+Orobanchaceae.%5C+The%5C+genera%5C+relationship%5C+within%5C+the%5C+complex%5C+was%5C+reconstructed%5C+based%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequences%5C+of%5C+atpB%5C-rbcL%2C%5C+atpH%5C-I%2C%5C+psbA%5C-trnH%2C%5C+rpl16%2C%5C+trnL%5C-F%5C+and%5C+trnS%5C-G.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D%5C+was%5C+not%5C+a%5C+natural%5C+group%5C+and%5C+could%5C+be%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+two%5C+different%5C+clades.%5C+Clade%5C+I%5C+included%5C+most%5C+taxa%2C%5C+e.g.%5C+Pterygiella%2C%5C+Xizangia%2C%5C+Pseudobartsia%2C%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+%5C%28exclude%5C+P.%5C+japonicum%5C%29.%5C+The%5C+species%5C+of%5C+this%5C+clade%5C+were%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+East%5C-Himalaya%5C+and%5C+Hengduan%5C+Mountains%5C+region.%5C+Clade%5C+II%5C+included%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+japonicum%5C+%5C%28Thunberg%5C%29%5C+Kanitz%2C%5C+which%5C+was%5C+a%5C+heterogeneous%5C+member%5C+in%5C+genus%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+and%5C+should%5C+be%5C+treated%5C+as%5C+a%5C+new%5C+monotypic%5C+genus.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+supported%5C+that%5C+Pterygiella%5C+bartschioides%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%5C+and%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+glandulosum%5C+Benth.%5C+should%5C+be%5C+elevated%5C+to%5C+genus%5C+level%5C+as%5C+Xizangia%5C+and%5C+Pseudobartsia%2C%5C+respectively.Furthermore%2C%5C+we%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Pterygiella%5C+to%5C+explore%5C+the%5C+species%E2%80%99%5C+circumscription%5C+by%5C+molecular%5C+phylogeny%2C%5C+DNA%5C+barcodes%5C+and%5C+morphological%5C+studies.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+Pterygiella%5C+should%5C+divide%5C+into%5C+three%5C+clades.%5C+P.%5C+duclouxii%5C+was%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+clade%5C+I%5C+and%5C+clade%5C+II%2C%5C+and%5C+P.%5C+nigrescens%5C+was%5C+included%5C+the%5C+clade%5C+I%5C+of%5C+these%5C+P.%5C+duclouxii%5C+taxa%2C%5C+with%5C+which%5C+it%5C+shares%5C+eglandular%5C+hairs%5C+on%5C+the%5C+stem.%5C+Clade%5C+III%5C+included%5C+P.%5C+suffruticosa%5C+and%5C+P.%5C+cylindrica%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+level%5C+of%5C+inter%5C-%5C+and%5C+intra%5C-species%5C+variation%5C+in%5C+two%5C+species%5C+did%5C+not%5C+support%5C+their%5C+distinction.%5C+Therefore%2C%5C+P.%5C+suffruticosa%5C+should%5C+move%5C+into%5C+or%5C+considered%5C+as%5C+a%5C+variety%5C+of%5C+P.%5C+cylindrica.%5C+The%5C+form%5C+of%5C+stem%2C%5C+leaf%5C+veins%5C+and%5C+the%5C+indumentum%5C+of%5C+stems%5C+are%5C+key%5C+traits%5C+for%5C+circumscribing%5C+the%5C+species%5C+within%5C+the%5C+genus.%5C+By%5C+comparing%5C+the%5C+effectiveness%5C+with%5C+core%5C+DNA%5C+barcodes%2C%5C+ITS%5C-2%5C+can%5C+be%5C+used%5C+as%5C+suitable%5C+DNA%5C+barcode%5C+in%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Pterygiella.Fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+characteristics%5C+of%5C+49%5C+species%5C+in%5C+21%5C+genera%5C+of%5C+the%5C+tribe%5C+Rhinantheae%5C+and%5C+9%5C+species%5C+in%5C+9%5C+genera%5C+of%5C+Orobachaceae%5C+were%5C+examined.%5C+25%5C+characters%5C+were%5C+selected%5C+and%5C+analyzed%5C+by%5C+principal%5C+component%5C+analysis%5C+for%5C+discovering%5C+the%5C+systematic%5C+significances.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+four%5C+main%5C+types%5C+and%5C+six%5C+subtypes%5C+were%5C+distinguished%5C+based%5C+on%5C+gross%5C+seed%5C+coat%5C+appearance%2C%5C+inner%5C+tangential%5C+wall%5C+and%5C+thickenings%5C+of%5C+radial%5C+wall.%5C+Fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+data%5C+reflect%5C+the%5C+close%5C+relationships%5C+within%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D.%5C+While%2C%5C+Xizangia%5C+was%5C+distinctly%5C+different%5C+from%5C+Pterygiella.%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+tenuisectum%5C+was%5C+more%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+the%5C+member%5C+of%5C+section%5C+minutisepala%5C+within%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Phtheiroseprmum.%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+japonicum%5C+was%5C+heterogeneous%5C+within%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Phtheirospermum.%5C+On%5C+the%5C+whole%2C%5C+fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+data%5C+supported%5C+Xizangia%5C+and%5C+Pseudobartsia%5C+as%5C+a%5C+genus%5C+rank%5C+and%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+japonicum%5C+was%5C+a%5C+heterogeneous%5C+member%5C+in%5C+Phtheirospermum"},{"jsname":"Innovation 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Systema Angiospermarum
期刊论文
出版物, 3111, 页码: 1—21
作者:
Zuo Z(作者)
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提交时间：2017/07/19
壳斗目系统发育基因组学及多样化历史
学位论文
, 2021
作者:
杨莹莹
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提交时间：2024/03/20
Appressorial interactions with host and their evolution
期刊论文
FUNGAL DIVERSITY, 2021, 卷号: 110, 期号: 1, 页码: 75-107
作者:
Chethana,K. W. Thilini
;
Jayawardena,Ruvishika S.
;
Chen,Yi-Jyun
;
Konta,Sirinapa
;
Tibpromma,Saowaluck
;
Phukhamsakda,Chayanard
;
Abeywickrama,Pranami D.
;
Samarakoon,Milan C.
;
Senwanna,Chanokned
;
Mapook,Ausana
;
Tang,Xia
;
Gomdola,Deecksha
;
Marasinghe,Diana S.
;
Padaruth,Oundhyalah D.
;
Balasuriya,Abhaya
;
Xu,Jianping
;
Lumyong,Saisamorn
;
Hyde,Kevin D.
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提交时间：2022/04/02
Ancestral characters
Evolution
Host-recognition
Hyaline appressoria
Infection process
Melanized appressoria
Proto-appressoria
ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE
UROMYCES-VICIAE-FABAE
INFECTION STRUCTURE FORMATION
SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY
BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA INFECTION
BOTRYTIS-CINEREA VIRULENCE
BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS
WALL-DEGRADING ENZYMES
GREY MOLD FUNGUS
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS
An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics
期刊论文
BMC BIOLOGY, 2021, 卷号: 19, 期号: 1, 页码: 2
作者:
Zhao,Fei
;
Chen,Ya-Ping
;
Salmaki,Yasaman
;
Drew,Bryan T.
;
Wilson,Trevor C.
;
Scheen,Anne-Cathrine
;
Celep,Ferhat
;
Braeuchler,Christian
;
Bendiksby,Mika
;
Wang,Qiang
;
Min,Dao-Zhang
;
Peng,Hua
;
Olmstead,Richard G.
;
Li,Bo
;
Xiang,Chun-Lei
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提交时间：2022/04/02
Lamiaceae
Lamioideae
Mints
Phylogenomics
Tribal relationships
COMPLETE CHLOROPLAST GENOME
HAWAIIAN ENDEMIC MINTS
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY
POLLEN MORPHOLOGY
CLERODENDRUM LAMIACEAE
LAMIOIDEAE LAMIACEAE
STACHYDEAE LAMIACEAE
CHARACTER EVOLUTION
STAMINAL EVOLUTION
PERICARP STRUCTURE
New early oligocene zircon U-Pb dates for the 'Miocene' Wenshan Basin, Yunnan, China: Biodiversity and paleoenvironment
期刊论文
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS, 2021
作者:
Tian,Yimin
;
Spicer,Robert A.
;
Huang,Jian
;
Zhou,Zhekun
;
Su,Tao
;
Widdowson,Mike
;
Jia,Linbo
;
Li,Shihu
;
Wu,Wenjian
;
Xue,Li
;
Luo,Penghui
;
Zhang,Shitao
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提交时间：2023/09/08
Natural hybridization among three Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) revealed by morphological and genomic evidence
期刊论文
BMC PLANT BIOLOGY, 2021, 卷号: 21, 期号: 1, 页码: 529
作者:
Zheng,Wei
;
Yan,Li-Jun
;
Burgess,Kevin S.
;
Luo,Ya-Huang
;
Zou,Jia-Yun
;
Qin,Han-Tao
;
Wang,Ji-Hua
;
Gao,Lian-Ming
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提交时间：2022/04/02
ddRAD sequencing
Hybrid zone
Morphological trait
Genetic structure
Natural hybridization
Rhododendron
SAGEBRUSH ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA
NARROW HYBRID ZONE
ASYMMETRIC HYBRIDIZATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
AQUILEGIA-FORMOSA
PINUS-DENSATA
MOUNT-ETNA
SPECIATION
ORIGIN
ADAPTATION
Phylogenetic patterns suggest frequent multiple origins of secondary metabolites across the seed-plant 'tree of life'
期刊论文
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW, 2021
作者:
Zhang,Yongzeng
;
Deng,Tao
;
Sun,Lu
;
Landis,Jacob B.
;
Moore,Michael J.
;
Wang,Hengchang
;
Wang,Yuehua
;
Hao,Xiaojiang
;
Chen,Jijun
;
Li,Shenghong
;
Xu,Maonian
;
Puno,Pema-Tenzin
;
Raven,Peter H.
;
Sun,Hang
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提交时间：2023/09/08
Kaziboletus, a new boletoid genus of Boletaceae associated with Shorea robusta in Bangladesh
期刊论文
MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS, 2021, 卷号: 20, 期号: 9, 页码: 1145-1156
作者:
Hosen,Md Iqbal
;
Yang,Zhu L.
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提交时间：2022/04/02
Asian distribution
Dipterocarpaceae
Leccinoideae
Tropical bolete
BOLETALES
TAXA
PHYLLOPORUS
OCTAVIANIA
GENERA
ASIA
Fossil fruits of Firmiana and Tilia from the middle Miocene of South Korea and the efficacy of the Bering land bridge for the migration of mesothermal plants
期刊论文
PLANT DIVERSITY, 2021, 卷号: 43, 期号: 6, 页码: 480-491
作者:
Jia,Lin-Bo
;
Nam,Gi-Soo
;
Su,Tao
;
Stull,Gregory W.
;
Li,Shu-Feng
;
Huang,Yong-Jiang
;
Zhou,Zhe-Kun
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提交时间：2022/04/02
8 December 2020
Asia
Bering land bridge
Biogeography
Middle Miocene
Malvaceae
NORTH-AMERICA
EASTERN ASIA
CLIMATE
PATTERNS
GRADIENTS
EVOLUTION
MALVACEAE
EURASIA
BRACTS
EUROPE
Fossil infructescence from southwestern China reveals Paleogene establishment of Cladrastis in Asia
期刊论文
REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY, 2021, 卷号: 292, 页码: 104456
作者:
Jia,Lin-Bo
;
Huang,Jian
;
Su,Tao
;
Spicer,Robert A.
;
Zhang,Shi-Tao
;
Li,Shu-Feng
;
Pan,Bo
;
Nam,Gi-Soo
;
Huang,Yong-Jiang
;
Zhou,Zhe-Kun
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提交时间：2022/04/02
Asia
Biodiversity
Biogeography
Cladrastis
Leguminosae
1ST FOSSIL
CEDRELOSPERMUM ULMACEAE
EASTERN ASIA
SOUTH CHINA
MIOCENE
DIVERSITY
CLIMATE
RECORD
EOCENE
YUNNAN
