×
验证码:
换一张
忘记密码？
记住我
×
登录
中文版
|
English
中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
登录
注册
ALL
ORCID
题名
作者
学科领域
关键词
资助项目
文献类型
出处
收录类别
出版者
发表日期
存缴日期
学科门类
学习讨论厅
图片搜索
粘贴图片网址
首页
研究单元&专题
作者
文献类型
学科分类
知识图谱
新闻&公告
在结果中检索
研究单元&专题
昆明植物所硕博研... [104]
中国科学院东亚植物... [25]
共享文献 [18]
植物化学与西部植物... [12]
资源植物与生物技术... [10]
植物分类与资源学报 [3]
更多...
作者
彭华 [6]
赵勤实 [5]
yang jing [4]
龚洵 [3]
孙航 [3]
税玉民 [3]
更多...
文献类型
学位论文 [104]
期刊论文 [73]
专著 [8]
会议论文 [2]
会议录 [1]
其他 [1]
更多...
发表日期
2021 [4]
2020 [16]
2019 [7]
2018 [13]
2017 [15]
2016 [9]
更多...
语种
中文 [95]
英语 [42]
出处
FUNGAL DI... [11]
植物分类与资源学报 [7]
TAXON [5]
JOURNAL OF... [3]
BOTANICAL ... [2]
FITOTERAPI... [2]
更多...
资助项目
GST,p < 0.001) and low levels of seed-based gene flow. C. debaoensis (Cycadaceae) is an endangered species restricted to the border of Guangxi and Yunnan province in southwest China. This species has been classified into two types: sand and karst, according to the soil matrix they grow on. We examined chloroplast sequence variation of the cpDNA sequences from 11 populations of this species. Significant population genetic differentiation was detected (GST= 0.684 and FST = 0.74160). There was marked genetic differentiation between populations in the sand and karst regions and no expansion was detected. Climate changes during glacial periods have had significant effects on the current distribution of cycads. The molecular phylogenetic data, together with the geographic distribution of the haplotypes, suggest that C. debaoensis experienced range contraction during glacial periods, and that the current populations are still confined to the original refugia in southwest China which have favorable habitats in glacial period. These results imply that small refugia were maintained in both sand and karst regions during the LGM (last glacial maximum). This species had no postglacial recolonization and only stayed in these refugia up to now. The low within-population diversity of C. debaoensis suggests that there were strong bottleneck events or founder effects within each separate region during the Quaternary climatic oscillations. Relatively high genetic and haplotype diversities were detected in the newly discovered populations, which located at intermediate locality of sand regions and had morphological variation; this is probably the consequence of the admixture of different haplotypes colonizing the area from separate sources. C. micholitzii occurs in the Annan Highlands in central Vietnam near the Laos border. C. bifida occurs in North Vietnam; its distribution extends across the border into adjacent localities in Guangxi and Yunnan in China. For the comparability between them,theywere considered as the same species C. micholitzii by many academicians. The cpDNA sequences from 11 populations showed that these very controversial species, C. micholitzii and C. bifida, is paraphyletic and should belong to the same species C. micholitzii. AMOVA analysis showed that the component of among-population within region/species (76.46%) was unexpectedly larger than the among-species/region component (14.97%), which also indicates that there is no justification for recognizing two species as C. micholitzii and C. bifida. This hypothesis was also supported by the geological data, especially the neotectonic history of the indo-china block, which started to move south since Oligocene and cause the geographic isolation of these two groups. Therefore, the most likely explanation to the phenotypic similarities between these two groups may be the retention of ancestral polymorphisms in the paraphyletic group due to incomplete lineage sorting. Furthermore, the similarities may also be ascribed to pollen-mediated gene flow among geographically proximate populations and/or phenotypic convergence under similar selection schemes in the same region. C.micholitzi had the higest genetic diversity (HT = 0.980,) and genetic differentiation (GST = 0.830, NST = 0.915) among the C. micholitzii complex. The high genetic diversity might be attributed to its long evolutionary history, highly diverse habitats. The ineffective mode of seed dispersal and dramatic neotectonic movement in the distribution range of this species could result in the high genetic differentiation. 2. Phylogeographic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal sequences, We sequenced the nrDNA ITS in all 27 populations sampled, 7 haplotypes were identified, among which C. micholitzii had 6, while C. multipinnata, C. longipetiolula and C. debaoensis shared the remaining one. Compared to chloroplast genes, nuclear genes had higher correlation between genetic and geographical distance, but lower interspecies differentiation (54.42% vs 25.24%). Phylogeographical structure of C. micholitzii and C.bifida based on ITS Variation was consistent with the morphology differentiation. This similar in nuclear gene should be ascribed to pollen-mediated gene flow among geographically proximate populations.Long-distance gene flow over the two groups was clearly interrupted, which brought on the nrDNA genetic differenciation between the geographically isolated groups, to a certain extent affected the morphological variation. 3. Interspecies relationships among Cycas micholitzii complex, We analysed chloroplast sequence variation of the atpB-rbcL and psbA-trnH intergenic spacers in 27 populations sampled of C. micholitzii complex, AMOVA analysis showed that the component of among-species/region component (59.21%). However, phylogenic analysis showed that the haplotypes of C. micholitzii complex couldn`t grouped into four clusters closely corresponding to the narrowly defined C. micholitzi, C. multipinnata, C. debaoensis and C. longipetiolula. We concluded that the conflict may result from several factors: firstly incomplete lineage sorting of C. micholitzii; secondly hybridization/introgression of sympatrically cycads, which would be supported by evidence base on nrDNA ITS sequences; thirdly intramolecular recombination in cpDNA of cycads; eventually the neotectonic movement in the distribution range of this species.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACycas%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex%5C+is%5C+composed%5C+of%5C+5%5C+species%5C%3A%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+Dyer%2C%5C+C.%5C+bifida%5C+%5C%28Dyer%5C%29%5C+K.%5C+D.%5C+Hill%2CC.%5C+longipetiolula%5C+D.%5C+Y.%5C+Wang%2C%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+Y.%5C+C.%5C+Zhong%5C+et%5C+C%5C+J.%5C+Chen%2C%5C+C.%5C+multipinnata%5C+C%5C+J.%5C+Chen%5C+et%5C+S.%5C+Y.%5C+Yang%EF%BC%8Cand%5C+distributed%5C+from%5C+southwest%5C+China%5C+to%5C+central%5C+Vietnam%5C+and%5C+eastern%5C+Laos.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+sequence%5C+data%5C+from%5C+two%5C+maternally%5C+inherited%5C+cpDNA%5C+and%5C+one%5C+biparentally%5C+nuclear%5C+DNA%5C+fragments%2C%5C+our%5C+study%5C+revealed%5C+the%5C+population%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex%5C+and%5C+explored%5C+the%5C+potential%5C+causes.%5C+The%5C+evolutionary%5C+and%5C+demographic%5C+histories%5C+were%5C+investigated.%5C+The%5C+genetic%5C+relationship%5C+among%5C+species%5C+in%5C+the%5C+complex%5C+was%5C+also%5C+clarified.The%5C+results%5C+were%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A%5C+1.%5C+Phylogeographic%5C+analysis%5C+based%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequences%EF%BC%8CWe%5C+examined%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequence%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+atpB%5C-rbcLand%5C+psbA%5C-trnHintergenic%5C+spacers%5C+in%5C+27%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex%2C%5C+recovering%5C+26%5C+haplotypes.%5C+The%5C+average%5C+within%5C-population%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HS%5C+%3D%5C+0.140%5C%29%5C+was%5C+low%5C+while%5C+total%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HT%5C+%3D%5C+0.911%5C%29%5C+was%5C+high.%5C+Population%5C+differentiation%5C+was%5C+also%5C+high%5C%28GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.846%2C%5C+NST%5C+%3D%5C+0.919%5C%29%2C%5C+indicating%5C+significant%5C+phylogeographical%5C+structure%5C+%5C%28NST%5C+%3E%5C+GST%2Cp%5C+%3C%5C+0.001%5C%29%5C+and%5C+low%5C+levels%5C+of%5C+seed%5C-based%5C+gene%5C+flow.%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+%5C%28Cycadaceae%5C%29%5C+is%5C+an%5C+endangered%5C+species%5C+restricted%5C+to%5C+the%5C+border%5C+of%5C+Guangxi%5C+and%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%5C+in%5C+southwest%5C+China.%5C+This%5C+species%5C+has%5C+been%5C+classified%5C+into%5C+two%5C+types%5C%3A%5C+sand%5C+and%5C+karst%2C%5C+according%5C+to%5C+the%5C+soil%5C+matrix%5C+they%5C+grow%5C+on.%5C+We%5C+examined%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequence%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+cpDNA%5C+sequences%5C+from%5C+11%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species.%5C+Significant%5C+population%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+was%5C+detected%5C+%5C%28GST%3D%5C+0.684%5C+and%5C+FST%5C+%3D%5C+0.74160%5C%29.%5C+There%5C+was%5C+marked%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+between%5C+populations%5C+in%5C+the%5C+sand%5C+and%5C+karst%5C+regions%5C+and%5C+no%5C+expansion%5C+was%5C+detected.%5C+Climate%5C+changes%5C+during%5C+glacial%5C+periods%5C+have%5C+had%5C+significant%5C+effects%5C+on%5C+the%5C+current%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+cycads.%5C+The%5C+molecular%5C+phylogenetic%5C+data%2C%5C+together%5C+with%5C+the%5C+geographic%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+the%5C+haplotypes%2C%5C+suggest%5C+that%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+experienced%5C+range%5C+contraction%5C+during%5C+glacial%5C+periods%2C%5C+and%5C+that%5C+the%5C+current%5C+populations%5C+are%5C+still%5C+confined%5C+to%5C+the%5C+original%5C+refugia%5C+in%5C+southwest%5C+China%5C+which%5C+have%5C+favorable%5C+habitats%5C+in%5C+glacial%5C+period.%5C+These%5C+results%5C+imply%5C+that%5C+small%5C+refugia%5C+were%5C+maintained%5C+in%5C+both%5C+sand%5C+and%5C+karst%5C+regions%5C+during%5C+the%5C+LGM%5C+%5C%28last%5C+glacial%5C+maximum%5C%29.%5C+This%5C+species%5C+had%5C+no%5C+postglacial%5C+recolonization%5C+and%5C+only%5C+stayed%5C+in%5C+these%5C+refugia%5C+up%5C+to%5C+now.%5C+The%5C+low%5C+within%5C-population%5C+diversity%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+suggests%5C+that%5C+there%5C+were%5C+strong%5C+bottleneck%5C+events%5C+or%5C+founder%5C+effects%5C+within%5C+each%5C+separate%5C+region%5C+during%5C+the%5C+Quaternary%5C+climatic%5C+oscillations.%5C+Relatively%5C+high%5C+genetic%5C+and%5C+haplotype%5C+diversities%5C+were%5C+detected%5C+in%5C+the%5C+newly%5C+discovered%5C+populations%2C%5C+which%5C+located%5C+at%5C+intermediate%5C+locality%5C+of%5C+sand%5C+regions%5C+and%5C+had%5C+morphological%5C+variation%5C%3B%5C+this%5C+is%5C+probably%5C+the%5C+consequence%5C+of%5C+the%5C+admixture%5C+of%5C+different%5C+haplotypes%5C+colonizing%5C+the%5C+area%5C+from%5C+separate%5C+sources.%5C+%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+occurs%5C+in%5C+the%5C+Annan%5C+Highlands%5C+in%5C+central%5C+Vietnam%5C+near%5C+the%5C+Laos%5C+border.%5C+C.%5C+bifida%5C+occurs%5C+in%5C+North%5C+Vietnam%5C%3B%5C+its%5C+distribution%5C+extends%5C+across%5C+the%5C+border%5C+into%5C+adjacent%5C+localities%5C+in%5C+Guangxi%5C+and%5C+Yunnan%5C+in%5C+China.%5C+For%5C+the%5C+comparability%5C+between%5C+them%2Ctheywere%5C+considered%5C+as%5C+the%5C+same%5C+species%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+by%5C+many%5C+academicians.%5C+The%5C+cpDNA%5C+sequences%5C+from%5C+11%5C+populations%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+these%5C+very%5C+controversial%5C+species%2C%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+bifida%2C%5C+is%5C+paraphyletic%5C+and%5C+should%5C+belong%5C+to%5C+the%5C+same%5C+species%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii.%5C+AMOVA%5C+analysis%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+component%5C+of%5C+among%5C-population%5C+within%5C+region%5C%2Fspecies%5C+%5C%2876.46%25%5C%29%5C+was%5C+unexpectedly%5C+larger%5C+than%5C+the%5C+among%5C-species%5C%2Fregion%5C+component%5C+%5C%2814.97%25%5C%29%2C%5C+which%5C+also%5C+indicates%5C+that%5C+there%5C+is%5C+no%5C+justification%5C+for%5C+recognizing%5C+two%5C+species%5C+as%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+bifida.%5C+This%5C+hypothesis%5C+was%5C+also%5C+supported%5C+by%5C+the%5C+geological%5C+data%2C%5C+especially%5C+the%5C+neotectonic%5C+history%5C+of%5C+the%5C+indo%5C-china%5C+block%2C%5C+which%5C+started%5C+to%5C+move%5C+south%5C+since%5C+Oligocene%5C+and%5C+cause%5C+the%5C+geographic%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+these%5C+two%5C+groups.%5C+Therefore%2C%5C+the%5C+most%5C+likely%5C+explanation%5C+to%5C+the%5C+phenotypic%5C+similarities%5C+between%5C+these%5C+two%5C+groups%5C+may%5C+be%5C+the%5C+retention%5C+of%5C+ancestral%5C+polymorphisms%5C+in%5C+the%5C+paraphyletic%5C+group%5C+due%5C+to%5C+incomplete%5C+lineage%5C+sorting.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+the%5C+similarities%5C+may%5C+also%5C+be%5C+ascribed%5C+to%5C+pollen%5C-mediated%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+among%5C+geographically%5C+proximate%5C+populations%5C+and%5C%2For%5C+phenotypic%5C+convergence%5C+under%5C+similar%5C+selection%5C+schemes%5C+in%5C+the%5C+same%5C+region.%5C+C.micholitzi%5C+had%5C+the%5C+higest%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HT%5C+%3D%5C+0.980%2C%5C%29%5C+and%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+%5C%28GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.830%2C%5C+NST%5C+%3D%5C+0.915%5C%29%5C+among%5C+the%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex.%5C+The%5C+high%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+might%5C+be%5C+attributed%5C+to%5C+its%5C+long%5C+evolutionary%5C+history%2C%5C+highly%5C+diverse%5C+habitats.%5C+The%5C+ineffective%5C+mode%5C+of%5C+seed%5C+dispersal%5C+and%5C+dramatic%5C+neotectonic%5C+movement%5C+in%5C+the%5C+distribution%5C+range%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%5C+could%5C+result%5C+in%5C+the%5C+high%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation.%5C+2.%5C+Phylogeographic%5C+analysis%5C+based%5C+on%5C+nuclear%5C+ribosomal%5C+sequences%2C%5C+We%5C+sequenced%5C+the%5C+nrDNA%5C+ITS%5C+in%5C+all%5C+27%5C+populations%5C+sampled%2C%5C+7%5C+haplotypes%5C+were%5C+identified%2C%5C+among%5C+which%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+had%5C+6%2C%5C+while%5C+C.%5C+multipinnata%2C%5C+C.%5C+longipetiolula%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+shared%5C+the%5C+remaining%5C+one.%5C+Compared%5C+to%5C+chloroplast%5C+genes%2C%5C+nuclear%5C+genes%5C+had%5C+higher%5C+correlation%5C+between%5C+genetic%5C+and%5C+geographical%5C+distance%2C%5C+but%5C+lower%5C+interspecies%5C+differentiation%5C+%5C%2854.42%25%5C+vs%5C+25.24%25%5C%29.%5C+Phylogeographical%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+and%5C+C.bifida%5C+based%5C+on%5C+ITS%5C+Variation%5C+was%5C+consistent%5C+with%5C+the%5C+morphology%5C+differentiation.%5C+This%5C+similar%5C+in%5C+nuclear%5C+gene%5C+should%5C+be%5C+ascribed%5C+to%5C+pollen%5C-mediated%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+among%5C+geographically%5C+proximate%5C+populations.Long%5C-distance%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+over%5C+the%5C+two%5C+groups%5C+was%5C+clearly%5C+interrupted%2C%5C+which%5C+brought%5C+on%5C+the%5C+nrDNA%5C+genetic%5C+differenciation%5C+between%5C+the%5C+geographically%5C+isolated%5C+groups%2C%5C+to%5C+a%5C+certain%5C+extent%5C+affected%5C+the%5C+morphological%5C+variation.%5C+3.%5C+Interspecies%5C+relationships%5C+among%5C+Cycas%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex%2C%5C+We%5C+analysed%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequence%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+atpB%5C-rbcL%5C+and%5C+psbA%5C-trnH%5C+intergenic%5C+spacers%5C+in%5C+27%5C+populations%5C+sampled%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex%2C%5C+AMOVA%5C+analysis%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+component%5C+of%5C+among%5C-species%5C%2Fregion%5C+component%5C+%5C%2859.21%25%5C%29.%5C+However%2C%5C+phylogenic%5C+analysis%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+haplotypes%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C+complex%5C+couldn%60t%5C+grouped%5C+into%5C+four%5C+clusters%5C+closely%5C+corresponding%5C+to%5C+the%5C+narrowly%5C+defined%5C+C.%5C+micholitzi%2C%5C+C.%5C+multipinnata%2C%5C+C.%5C+debaoensis%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+longipetiolula.%5C+We%5C+concluded%5C+that%5C+the%5C+conflict%5C+may%5C+result%5C+from%5C+several%5C+factors%5C%3A%5C+firstly%5C+incomplete%5C+lineage%5C+sorting%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+micholitzii%5C%3B%5C+secondly%5C+hybridization%5C%2Fintrogression%5C+of%5C+sympatrically%5C+cycads%2C%5C+which%5C+would%5C+be%5C+supported%5C+by%5C+evidence%5C+base%5C+on%5C+nrDNA%5C+ITS%5C+sequences%5C%3B%5C+thirdly%5C+intramolecular%5C+recombination%5C+in%5C+cpDNA%5C+of%5C+cycads%5C%3B%5C+eventually%5C+the%5C+neotectonic%5C+movement%5C+in%5C+the%5C+distribution%5C+range%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species."},{"jsname":"Cytology study can reveal important biological features of plants and answers to a certain degree in phylogeny and distribution of genetic materials and so forth. By hard working of cytologists, chromosome data of plants have been increased to a great abundance, but yet disorderly distributed in different magazines, which made researches based on the whole chromosome data of one taxon rarely launched. Scientific databases have become increasingly indispensable as researching data growing daily. As Cytological studies are booming in China, in order to fill the absence of digital and statistical data of plant chromosome researches and chromosome atlas, we started to develop a Chinese Seed Plants Chromosome Database, aiming to construct a database and start to record published chromosome data of Chinese seed plants. Based on this database, we chose the part of gymnosperms and gave a discussion to the features of its chromosomes’ evolution and variation. Cytological experiments have been applied to some important phyto-groups for phylogeny research and germplasm identification.Part I: The Chinese Seed Plants Chromosome Database and Discussion on the features of Gymnosperms chromosomes，1 The Chinese Seed Plants Chromosome Database，The frame of database was constructed by Microsoft Access 2003. 19 items of data were included in, they are: Chinese and Latin names of family, genus and species; plant pictures, mitosis metaphase and karyotype figures; morphological characteristics and distributions of the plant; chromosome numbers and basic numbers; karyotype formula; karyotype description; origin of the plant material; literature and the source of photos. In this database, data can be checked and shared easily by extracted out in species sorted interface or family sorted interface. 120 species in 29 genera and 10 families of Gymnospers have been collected and input to the database. In Angiosperms, 61 species in 10 genera of family Magnoliaceae and 80 species in 3 genera of family Theaceae have been collected and input to the database.2 Discussion on the features of evolution and variation of Gymnosperms chromosomes，By data collection of the database, we analyzed chromosome features of the group Gymnosperm. Plants of Gymnosperm had been through a long historical evolution on earth, fossil records of which originated from the late Devonian period. Once an authoritative and major classification level in the plant kingdom, most Gymnosperms have been extinct unless conifers, cycads, Ginkgo and Getales. Three main features of Gymnosperm chromosomes are: relatively large chromosome, which can be recognized from figures in the database; constant chromosome numbers, in most families of Gymnosperm the basic chromosome number keeps a certain value; comparatively low variation, karyotype under family level differs a little. The variation of chromosomes in Gymnosperm is dominated by Robertsonian changes. Contrary to common variation type in Angiosperms, the variation from high unsymmetric karyotype to low unsymmetric karyotype was found in existence in Gymnosperm.Part II: cytology research on some important phyto-groups，3 Karyomorphology of three species in the order Huerteales and their phylogenetic implications，The karyomorphology of three species in Dipentodon (Dipentodontaceae), Perrottetia (Celastraceae), and Tapiscia (Tapisciaceae), namely Dipentodon sinicus, Perrottetia racemosa, and Tapiscia sinensis, was investigated in the study. Recent molecular research has discovered close relationships among these three genera, which has led to the establishment of the order Huerteales with Perrottetia being placed in Dipentodontaceae. Herein we report the chromosome numbers of D. sinicus and P. racemosa for the first time, and present their karyotype formulas as 2n = 34 = 22sm + 12st (D. sinicus), 2n = 20 = 11m + 9sm (P. racemosa), and 2n = 30 = 22m(2SAT) + 8sm (T. sinensis). Asymmetry of their karyotypes is categorized to be Type 3B in D. sinicus, Type 2A in P. racemosa, and Type 2A in T. sinensis. Each of the species shows special cytological features. Compared with Perrottetia, Dipentodon has a different basic chromosome number, a higher karyotype asymmetry, and different karyomorphology of its interphase nuclei, mitotic prophase, and metaphase. Thus, on the basis of these results, we have reservations regarding the suggestion of placing Dipentodon and Perrottetia together in the family Dipentodontaceae.4 Genomic analyses of intergeneric hybrids between Michelia crassipes and M. calcicola by GISH，Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) is becoming the method of choice for identifying parental chromosomes in interspecific hybrids. Interspecific F1 hybrid between Michelia crassipes and M. calcicola, tow highly ornamental species in Michelia of Magnolicaceae, has been analized by double-colored GISH with its parents’ genome as the probe. Research gave the results that the chromosome number of the F1 hybrid is 2n=38 as the same of species in Michelia and other genera in Magnoliaceae, the basic chromosome is x=19, the karyotype formula is 2n=38=32m+6sm, and the asymmetry of karyotype is 1B type. Based on chromosome data of Michelia in our database, the karyotype of this genus is featured mostly by metacentric chromosomes and submetacentric chromosomes. In Mechelia, the variation range of submetacentric chromosomes is 4 to 18 and of the karyotype asymmetry is 1A to 2B type. Both the karyotype and karyotype asymmetry type of F1 hybrid is among the variation range of Michelia. The figure of GISH showed that all the 38 chromosomes of F1 hybrid have crossing parental signals, and signal on the no.1 and no.7 chromosome showed differences, which proved that both the parental genome have been transmitted to and recombinated in F1 hybrid.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACytology%5C+study%5C+can%5C+reveal%5C+important%5C+biological%5C+features%5C+of%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+answers%5C+to%5C+a%5C+certain%5C+degree%5C+in%5C+phylogeny%5C+and%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+materials%5C+and%5C+so%5C+forth.%5C+By%5C+hard%5C+working%5C+of%5C+cytologists%2C%5C+chromosome%5C+data%5C+of%5C+plants%5C+have%5C+been%5C+increased%5C+to%5C+a%5C+great%5C+abundance%2C%5C+but%5C+yet%5C+disorderly%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+different%5C+magazines%2C%5C+which%5C+made%5C+researches%5C+based%5C+on%5C+the%5C+whole%5C+chromosome%5C+data%5C+of%5C+one%5C+taxon%5C+rarely%5C+launched.%5C+Scientific%5C+databases%5C+have%5C+become%5C+increasingly%5C+indispensable%5C+as%5C+researching%5C+data%5C+growing%5C+daily.%5C+As%5C+Cytological%5C+studies%5C+are%5C+booming%5C+in%5C+China%2C%5C+in%5C+order%5C+to%5C+fill%5C+the%5C+absence%5C+of%5C+digital%5C+and%5C+statistical%5C+data%5C+of%5C+plant%5C+chromosome%5C+researches%5C+and%5C+chromosome%5C+atlas%2C%5C+we%5C+started%5C+to%5C+develop%5C+a%5C+Chinese%5C+Seed%5C+Plants%5C+Chromosome%5C+Database%2C%5C+aiming%5C+to%5C+construct%5C+a%5C+database%5C+and%5C+start%5C+to%5C+record%5C+published%5C+chromosome%5C+data%5C+of%5C+Chinese%5C+seed%5C+plants.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+this%5C+database%2C%5C+we%5C+chose%5C+the%5C+part%5C+of%5C+gymnosperms%5C+and%5C+gave%5C+a%5C+discussion%5C+to%5C+the%5C+features%5C+of%5C+its%5C+chromosomes%E2%80%99%5C+evolution%5C+and%5C+variation.%5C+Cytological%5C+experiments%5C+have%5C+been%5C+applied%5C+to%5C+some%5C+important%5C+phyto%5C-groups%5C+for%5C+phylogeny%5C+research%5C+and%5C+germplasm%5C+identification.Part%5C+I%5C%3A%5C+The%5C+Chinese%5C+Seed%5C+Plants%5C+Chromosome%5C+Database%5C+and%5C+Discussion%5C+on%5C+the%5C+features%5C+of%5C+Gymnosperms%5C+chromosomes%EF%BC%8C1%5C+%C2%A0The%5C+Chinese%5C+Seed%5C+Plants%5C+Chromosome%5C+Database%EF%BC%8CThe%5C+frame%5C+of%5C+database%5C+was%5C+constructed%5C+by%5C+Microsoft%5C+Access%5C+2003.%5C+19%5C+items%5C+of%5C+data%5C+were%5C+included%5C+in%2C%5C+they%5C+are%5C%3A%5C+Chinese%5C+and%5C+Latin%5C+names%5C+of%5C+family%2C%5C+genus%5C+and%5C+species%5C%3B%5C+plant%5C+pictures%2C%5C+mitosis%5C+metaphase%5C+and%5C+karyotype%5C+figures%5C%3B%5C+morphological%5C+characteristics%5C+and%5C+distributions%5C+of%5C+the%5C+plant%5C%3B%5C+chromosome%5C+numbers%5C+and%5C+basic%5C+numbers%5C%3B%5C+karyotype%5C+formula%5C%3B%5C+karyotype%5C+description%5C%3B%5C+origin%5C+of%5C+the%5C+plant%5C+material%5C%3B%5C+literature%5C+and%5C+the%5C+source%5C+of%5C+photos.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+database%2C%5C+data%5C+can%5C+be%5C+checked%5C+and%5C+shared%5C+easily%5C+by%5C+extracted%5C+out%5C+in%5C+species%5C+sorted%5C+interface%5C+or%5C+family%5C+sorted%5C+interface.%5C+120%5C+species%5C+in%5C+29%5C+genera%5C+and%5C+10%5C+families%5C+of%5C+Gymnospers%5C+have%5C+been%5C+collected%5C+and%5C+input%5C+to%5C+the%5C+database.%5C+In%5C+Angiosperms%2C%5C+61%5C+species%5C+in%5C+10%5C+genera%5C+of%5C+family%5C+Magnoliaceae%5C+and%5C+80%5C+species%5C+in%5C+3%5C+genera%5C+of%5C+family%5C+Theaceae%5C+have%5C+been%5C+collected%5C+and%5C+input%5C+to%5C+the%5C+database.2%5C+Discussion%5C+on%5C+the%5C+features%5C+of%5C+evolution%5C+and%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+Gymnosperms%5C+chromosomes%EF%BC%8CBy%5C+data%5C+collection%5C+of%5C+the%5C+database%2C%5C+we%5C+analyzed%5C+chromosome%5C+features%5C+of%5C+the%5C+group%5C+Gymnosperm.%5C+Plants%5C+of%5C+Gymnosperm%5C+had%5C+been%5C+through%5C+a%5C+long%5C+historical%5C+evolution%5C+on%5C+earth%2C%5C+fossil%5C+records%5C+of%5C+which%5C+originated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+late%5C+Devonian%5C+period.%5C+Once%5C+an%5C+authoritative%5C+and%5C+major%5C+classification%5C+level%5C+in%5C+the%5C+plant%5C+kingdom%2C%5C+most%5C+Gymnosperms%5C+have%5C+been%5C+extinct%5C+unless%5C+conifers%2C%5C+cycads%2C%5C+Ginkgo%5C+and%5C+Getales.%5C+Three%5C+main%5C+features%5C+of%5C+Gymnosperm%5C+chromosomes%5C+are%5C%3A%5C+relatively%5C+large%5C+chromosome%2C%5C+which%5C+can%5C+be%5C+recognized%5C+from%5C+figures%5C+in%5C+the%5C+database%5C%3B%5C+constant%5C+chromosome%5C+numbers%2C%5C+in%5C+most%5C+families%5C+of%5C+Gymnosperm%5C+the%5C+basic%5C+chromosome%5C+number%5C+keeps%5C+a%5C+certain%5C+value%5C%3B%5C+comparatively%5C+low%5C+variation%2C%5C+karyotype%5C+under%5C+family%5C+level%5C+differs%5C+a%5C+little.%5C+The%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+chromosomes%5C+in%5C+Gymnosperm%5C+is%5C+dominated%5C+by%5C+Robertsonian%5C+changes.%5C+Contrary%5C+to%5C+common%5C+variation%5C+type%5C+in%5C+Angiosperms%2C%5C+the%5C+variation%5C+from%5C+high%5C+unsymmetric%5C+karyotype%5C+to%5C+low%5C+unsymmetric%5C+karyotype%5C+was%5C+found%5C+in%5C+existence%5C+in%5C+Gymnosperm.Part%5C+II%5C%3A%5C+cytology%5C+research%5C+on%5C+some%5C+important%5C+phyto%5C-groups%EF%BC%8C3%5C+Karyomorphology%5C+of%5C+three%5C+species%5C+in%5C+the%5C+order%5C+Huerteales%5C+and%5C+their%5C+phylogenetic%5C+implications%EF%BC%8CThe%5C+karyomorphology%5C+of%5C+three%5C+species%5C+in%5C+Dipentodon%5C+%5C%28Dipentodontaceae%5C%29%2C%5C+Perrottetia%5C+%5C%28Celastraceae%5C%29%2C%5C+and%5C+Tapiscia%5C+%5C%28Tapisciaceae%5C%29%2C%5C+namely%5C+Dipentodon%5C+sinicus%2C%5C+Perrottetia%5C+racemosa%2C%5C+and%5C+Tapiscia%5C+sinensis%2C%5C+was%5C+investigated%5C+in%5C+the%5C+study.%5C+Recent%5C+molecular%5C+research%5C+has%5C+discovered%5C+close%5C+relationships%5C+among%5C+these%5C+three%5C+genera%2C%5C+which%5C+has%5C+led%5C+to%5C+the%5C+establishment%5C+of%5C+the%5C+order%5C+Huerteales%5C+with%5C+Perrottetia%5C+being%5C+placed%5C+in%5C+Dipentodontaceae.%5C+Herein%5C+we%5C+report%5C+the%5C+chromosome%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+sinicus%5C+and%5C+P.%5C+racemosa%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%2C%5C+and%5C+present%5C+their%5C+karyotype%5C+formulas%5C+as%5C+2n%5C+%3D%5C+34%5C+%3D%5C+22sm%5C+%5C%2B%5C+12st%5C+%5C%28D.%5C+sinicus%5C%29%2C%5C+2n%5C+%3D%5C+20%5C+%3D%5C+11m%5C+%5C%2B%5C+9sm%5C+%5C%28P.%5C+racemosa%5C%29%2C%5C+and%5C+2n%5C+%3D%5C+30%5C+%3D%5C+22m%5C%282SAT%5C%29%5C+%5C%2B%5C+8sm%5C+%5C%28T.%5C+sinensis%5C%29.%5C+Asymmetry%5C+of%5C+their%5C+karyotypes%5C+is%5C+categorized%5C+to%5C+be%5C+Type%5C+3B%5C+in%5C+D.%5C+sinicus%2C%5C+Type%5C+2A%5C+in%5C+P.%5C+racemosa%2C%5C+and%5C+Type%5C+2A%5C+in%5C+T.%5C+sinensis.%5C+Each%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species%5C+shows%5C+special%5C+cytological%5C+features.%5C+Compared%5C+with%5C+Perrottetia%2C%5C+Dipentodon%5C+has%5C+a%5C+different%5C+basic%5C+chromosome%5C+number%2C%5C+a%5C+higher%5C+karyotype%5C+asymmetry%2C%5C+and%5C+different%5C+karyomorphology%5C+of%5C+its%5C+interphase%5C+nuclei%2C%5C+mitotic%5C+prophase%2C%5C+and%5C+metaphase.%5C+Thus%2C%5C+on%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+these%5C+results%2C%5C+we%5C+have%5C+reservations%5C+regarding%5C+the%5C+suggestion%5C+of%5C+placing%5C+Dipentodon%5C+and%5C+Perrottetia%5C+together%5C+in%5C+the%5C+family%5C+Dipentodontaceae.4%5C+Genomic%5C+analyses%5C+of%5C+intergeneric%5C+hybrids%5C+between%5C+Michelia%5C+crassipes%5C+and%5C+M.%5C+calcicola%5C+by%5C+GISH%EF%BC%8CGenomic%5C+in%5C+situ%5C+hybridization%5C+%5C%28GISH%5C%29%5C+is%5C+becoming%5C+the%5C+method%5C+of%5C+choice%5C+for%5C+identifying%5C+parental%5C+chromosomes%5C+in%5C+interspecific%5C+hybrids.%5C+Interspecific%5C+F1%5C+hybrid%5C+between%5C+Michelia%5C+crassipes%5C+and%5C+M.%5C+calcicola%2C%5C+tow%5C+highly%5C+ornamental%5C+species%5C+in%5C+Michelia%5C+of%5C+Magnolicaceae%2C%5C+has%5C+been%5C+analized%5C+by%5C+double%5C-colored%5C+GISH%5C+with%5C+its%5C+parents%E2%80%99%5C+genome%5C+as%5C+the%5C+probe.%5C+Research%5C+gave%5C+the%5C+results%5C+that%5C+the%5C+chromosome%5C+number%5C+of%5C+the%5C+F1%5C+hybrid%5C+is%5C+2n%3D38%5C+as%5C+the%5C+same%5C+of%5C+species%5C+in%5C+Michelia%5C+and%5C+other%5C+genera%5C+in%5C+Magnoliaceae%2C%5C+the%5C+basic%5C+chromosome%5C+is%5C+x%3D19%2C%5C+the%5C+karyotype%5C+formula%5C+is%5C+2n%3D38%3D32m%5C%2B6sm%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+asymmetry%5C+of%5C+karyotype%5C+is%5C+1B%5C+type.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+chromosome%5C+data%5C+of%5C+Michelia%5C+in%5C+our%5C+database%2C%5C+the%5C+karyotype%5C+of%5C+this%5C+genus%5C+is%5C+featured%5C+mostly%5C+by%5C+metacentric%5C+chromosomes%5C+and%5C+submetacentric%5C+chromosomes.%5C+In%5C+Mechelia%2C%5C+the%5C+variation%5C+range%5C+of%5C+submetacentric%5C+chromosomes%5C+is%5C+4%5C+to%5C+18%5C+and%5C+of%5C+the%5C+karyotype%5C+asymmetry%5C+is%5C+1A%5C+to%5C+2B%5C+type.%5C+Both%5C+the%5C+karyotype%5C+and%5C+karyotype%5C+asymmetry%5C+type%5C+of%5C+F1%5C+hybrid%5C+is%5C+among%5C+the%5C+variation%5C+range%5C+of%5C+Michelia.%5C+The%5C+figure%5C+of%5C+GISH%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+all%5C+the%5C+38%5C+chromosomes%5C+of%5C+F1%5C+hybrid%5C+have%5C+crossing%5C+parental%5C+signals%2C%5C+and%5C+signal%5C+on%5C+the%5C+no.1%5C+and%5C+no.7%5C+chromosome%5C+showed%5C+differences%2C%5C+which%5C+proved%5C+that%5C+both%5C+the%5C+parental%5C+genome%5C+have%5C+been%5C+transmitted%5C+to%5C+and%5C+recombinated%5C+in%5C+F1%5C+hybrid."},{"jsname":"JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)[17F17094]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AJSPS%5C+%5C%28Japan%5C+Society%5C+for%5C+the%5C+Promotion%5C+of%5C+Science%5C%29%5C%5B17F17094%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Medicinal plant resource is one of the most important natural resources. China is well-known in the world for its richness in medicinal plant diversity and use knowledge. Some of the plant resources are developed industrially, while the others maintain the traditional use still. However, the extended resources utilization has caused the dramatic increase in demand and the exhaustion of resources. Thus, it is become one of the most important research topics that how to use medicinal resources rationally without resource depletion and those studies need to be supported by knowledge, information and data of related disciplines. On the bassis of authoritative books, literature searches and field survey, we constructed an herbal information database as an approach for data managing. Along the theme that how medicinal resources (plant species) used in various medicinal systems (traditional Chinese medicine, folk medicine), we developed a database integrating species information, herbal knowledge and usage information of about 10,000 medicinal plants, which have satisfied the data requirement of our study and analysis. In addition, we will shear data for research and decision-making by online database service. Finally, to verify the supporting function of this database in study and decision-making, and to explore new research methods of plant resources sustainable use, we applied research methods used in social statistics, such as logistic regression analysis, discriminant analysis and correspondence analysis. In addition, statistics and the analysis of typical medical systems were developed for studies on the resource usage and its sustainability factors. The data analysis showed as following: (1) Studies about plant resources sustainable utilization needs to be supported by integrated data of related subjects.(2) Applications of traditional medicines increased steadily. There was a substantial increase of Chinese patent medicines documented in each editions of pharmacopoeia, involving about 600-800 species of medicinal plant resources. But the modernization and development of medicinal plant resources have caused the resources depletion and cultivation. And there is a trend that the caltivation supplies the rescources demand (3) Whether plant resource will be depleted or not, is affected by the distribution of plant population, the rehabilitation ability of plants, the damage of human harvesting, and the advance in herb cultivation.(4) There is a considerable proportion of an unreasonable development pattern that cultivation is promoted by resource depletion. Two main reasons caused the exhaustion: lacking investigation in the supply abilities of wild plants and legging of wild species domestication. It is unwise to follow the existing developmental pattern, which will cause more resource depletion and biodiversity damage. Finally, on the basis of our study, we have proposed some reasonable strategies to avoid irrational factors in the herbal resources exploitation: Ø Develop traditional medicines furtherly for new medicinal resources. Ø Protect the plant wild resources and develop cultivation in herbal drug explotation. Ø Establish regulatory agencies and formulate policies of herbal resources development. Ø Continue to improve the database of medicinal plants with integrated data.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AMedicinal%5C+plant%5C+resource%5C+is%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+most%5C+important%5C+natural%5C+resources.%5C+China%5C+is%5C+well%5C-known%5C+in%5C+the%5C+world%5C+for%5C+its%5C+richness%5C+in%5C+medicinal%5C+plant%5C+diversity%5C+and%5C+use%5C+knowledge.%5C+Some%5C+of%5C+the%5C+plant%5C+resources%5C+are%5C+developed%5C+industrially%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+others%5C+maintain%5C+the%5C+traditional%5C+use%5C+still.%5C+However%2C%5C+the%5C+extended%5C+resources%5C+utilization%5C+has%5C+caused%5C+the%5C+dramatic%5C+increase%5C+in%5C+demand%5C+and%5C+the%5C+exhaustion%5C+of%5C+resources.%5C+Thus%2C%5C+it%5C+is%5C+become%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+most%5C+important%5C+research%5C+topics%5C+that%5C+how%5C+to%5C+use%5C+medicinal%5C+resources%5C+rationally%5C+without%5C+resource%5C+depletion%5C+and%5C+those%5C+studies%5C+need%5C+to%5C+be%5C+supported%5C+by%5C+knowledge%2C%5C+information%5C+and%5C+data%5C+of%5C+related%5C+disciplines.%5C+On%5C+the%5C+bassis%5C+of%5C+authoritative%5C+books%2C%5C+literature%5C+searches%5C+and%5C+field%5C+survey%2C%5C+we%5C+constructed%5C+an%5C+herbal%5C+information%5C+database%5C+as%5C+an%5C+approach%5C+for%5C+data%5C+managing.%5C+Along%5C+the%5C+theme%5C+that%5C+how%5C+medicinal%5C+resources%5C+%5C%28plant%5C+species%5C%29%5C+used%5C+in%5C+various%5C+medicinal%5C+systems%5C+%5C%28traditional%5C+Chinese%5C+medicine%2C%5C+folk%5C+medicine%5C%29%2C%5C+we%5C+developed%5C+a%5C+database%5C+integrating%5C+species%5C+information%2C%5C+herbal%5C+knowledge%5C+and%5C+usage%5C+information%5C+of%5C+about%5C+10%2C000%5C+medicinal%5C+plants%2C%5C+which%5C+have%5C+satisfied%5C+the%5C+data%5C+requirement%5C+of%5C+our%5C+study%5C+and%5C+analysis.%5C+In%5C+addition%2C%5C+we%5C+will%5C+shear%5C+data%5C+for%5C+research%5C+and%5C+decision%5C-making%5C+by%5C+online%5C+database%5C+service.%5C+Finally%2C%5C+to%5C+verify%5C+the%5C+supporting%5C+function%5C+of%5C+this%5C+database%5C+in%5C+study%5C+and%5C+decision%5C-making%2C%5C+and%5C+to%5C+explore%5C+new%5C+research%5C+methods%5C+of%5C+plant%5C+resources%5C+sustainable%5C+use%2C%5C+we%5C+applied%5C+research%5C+methods%5C+used%5C+in%5C+social%5C+statistics%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+logistic%5C+regression%5C+analysis%2C%5C+discriminant%5C+analysis%5C+and%5C+correspondence%5C+analysis.%5C+In%5C+addition%2C%5C+statistics%5C+and%5C+the%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+typical%5C+medical%5C+systems%5C+were%5C+developed%5C+for%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+the%5C+resource%5C+usage%5C+and%5C+its%5C+sustainability%5C+factors.%5C+The%5C+data%5C+analysis%5C+showed%5C+as%5C+following%5C%3A%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%5C+Studies%5C+about%5C+plant%5C+resources%5C+sustainable%5C+utilization%5C+needs%5C+to%5C+be%5C+supported%5C+by%5C+integrated%5C+data%5C+of%5C+related%5C+subjects.%5C%282%5C%29%5C+Applications%5C+of%5C+traditional%5C+medicines%5C+increased%5C+steadily.%5C+There%5C+was%5C+a%5C+substantial%5C+increase%5C+of%5C+Chinese%5C+patent%5C+medicines%5C+documented%5C+in%5C+each%5C+editions%5C+of%5C+pharmacopoeia%2C%5C+involving%5C+about%5C+600%5C-800%5C+species%5C+of%5C+medicinal%5C+plant%5C+resources.%5C+But%5C+the%5C+modernization%5C+and%5C+development%5C+of%5C+medicinal%5C+plant%5C+resources%5C+have%5C+caused%5C+the%5C+resources%5C+depletion%5C+and%5C+cultivation.%5C+And%5C+there%5C+is%5C+a%5C+trend%5C+that%5C+the%5C+caltivation%5C+supplies%5C+the%5C+rescources%5C+demand%5C+%5C%283%5C%29%5C+Whether%5C+plant%5C+resource%5C+will%5C+be%5C+depleted%5C+or%5C+not%2C%5C+is%5C+affected%5C+by%5C+the%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+plant%5C+population%2C%5C+the%5C+rehabilitation%5C+ability%5C+of%5C+plants%2C%5C+the%5C+damage%5C+of%5C+human%5C+harvesting%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+advance%5C+in%5C+herb%5C+cultivation.%5C%284%5C%29%5C+There%5C+is%5C+a%5C+considerable%5C+proportion%5C+of%5C+an%5C+unreasonable%5C+development%5C+pattern%5C+that%5C+cultivation%5C+is%5C+promoted%5C+by%5C+resource%5C+depletion.%5C+Two%5C+main%5C+reasons%5C+caused%5C+the%5C+exhaustion%5C%3A%5C+lacking%5C+investigation%5C+in%5C+the%5C+supply%5C+abilities%5C+of%5C+wild%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+legging%5C+of%5C+wild%5C+species%5C+domestication.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+unwise%5C+to%5C+follow%5C+the%5C+existing%5C+developmental%5C+pattern%2C%5C+which%5C+will%5C+cause%5C+more%5C+resource%5C+depletion%5C+and%5C+biodiversity%5C+damage.%5C+Finally%2C%5C+on%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+our%5C+study%2C%5C+we%5C+have%5C+proposed%5C+some%5C+reasonable%5C+strategies%5C+to%5C+avoid%5C+irrational%5C+factors%5C+in%5C+the%5C+herbal%5C+resources%5C+exploitation%5C%3A%5C+%C3%98%5C+Develop%5C+traditional%5C+medicines%5C+furtherly%5C+for%5C+new%5C+medicinal%5C+resources.%5C+%C3%98%5C+Protect%5C+the%5C+plant%5C+wild%5C+resources%5C+and%5C+develop%5C+cultivation%5C+in%5C+herbal%5C+drug%5C+explotation.%5C+%C3%98%5C+Establish%5C+regulatory%5C+agencies%5C+and%5C+formulate%5C+policies%5C+of%5C+herbal%5C+resources%5C+development.%5C+%C3%98%5C+Continue%5C+to%5C+improve%5C+the%5C+database%5C+of%5C+medicinal%5C+plants%5C+with%5C+integrated%5C+data."},{"jsname":"Mt. Jiaozi from Yunnan is located in the eastern of the Central Yunnan Plateau, falling between the Pudu river and the Xiaojiang river, between the Jinshajiang river to the north and the Zhuanlong town of Luquan county to the south. It stands in the boundary of the Sino-Himalayan forest subkingdom and the Sino-Japan forest subkingdom, so it has a significant status, dew to the heterogeneous geographical environment and the sharp elevation drop in addition. Through field survey, specimens collection and identification and literatures consultion, we have obtained a brief list of Mt. Jiaozi, about 1517 species in 141 families and 531 genera, including varieties and subspices, among of which, there are 23 species in 7 families and 12 genera of gymnosperm. Based on statistic analysis, we get some conclusions as below. 1. As a type locality for many species, with various biodiversity and as much as endemism and some endangered plants, the flora of Mt. Jiaozi is viewed as a key area which should be paid special attention to. The flora constitution of this area has complex origins and multiple elements through the statistics. 2. The modern flora of Mt. jiaozi mainly includes the Chinese endemic elements and the Asian endemic elements, these two parts take up 81.65%. The characteristic of this flora is typically temperate. 3. Mt. Jiaozi is the north or the south distribution limitation to some important species as a floristic node. For example, species as Ephedra likiangensis, Solms-Laubachia pulcherrima, Soroseris hirsute, Paraquilegia microphylla which were used to be throught as limited in the northwestern of Yunnan had been found in this area. It indicates that, Mt. Jiaozi should become one of the foci of the flora regionalization in Yunnan, even in China. 4. In the view of the endemism of 6 families and 66 genera and 544 species in East Asian, this eara is a part of the East Asiatic Kingdom. The status of the flora of Mt. jiaozi in the East Asiatic Kingdom should be classified as Central Yunnan plateau subregion--Yunnan plateau region--Sino-Himalayan forest subkingdom.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AMt.%5C+Jiaozi%5C+from%5C+Yunnan%5C+is%5C+located%5C+in%5C+the%5C+eastern%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Central%5C+Yunnan%5C+Plateau%2C%5C+falling%5C+between%5C+the%5C+Pudu%5C+river%5C+and%5C+the%5C+Xiaojiang%5C+river%2C%5C+between%5C+the%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+river%5C+to%5C+the%5C+north%5C+and%5C+the%5C+Zhuanlong%5C+town%5C+of%5C+Luquan%5C+county%5C+to%5C+the%5C+south.%5C+It%5C+stands%5C+in%5C+the%5C+boundary%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Sino%5C-Himalayan%5C+forest%5C+subkingdom%5C+and%5C+the%5C+Sino%5C-Japan%5C+forest%5C+subkingdom%2C%5C+so%5C+it%5C+has%5C+a%5C+significant%5C+status%2C%5C+dew%5C+to%5C+the%5C+heterogeneous%5C+geographical%5C+environment%5C+and%5C+the%5C+sharp%5C+elevation%5C+drop%5C+in%5C+addition.%5C+Through%5C+field%5C+survey%2C%5C+specimens%5C+collection%5C+and%5C+identification%5C+and%5C+literatures%5C+consultion%2C%5C+we%5C+have%5C+obtained%5C+a%5C+brief%5C+list%5C+of%5C+Mt.%5C+Jiaozi%2C%5C+about%5C+1517%5C+species%5C+in%5C+141%5C+families%5C+and%5C+531%5C+genera%2C%5C+including%5C+varieties%5C+and%5C+subspices%2C%5C+among%5C+of%5C+which%2C%5C+there%5C+are%5C+23%5C+species%5C+in%5C+7%5C+families%5C+and%5C+12%5C+genera%5C+of%5C+gymnosperm.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+statistic%5C+analysis%2C%5C+we%5C+get%5C+some%5C+conclusions%5C+as%5C+below.%5C+1.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+type%5C+locality%5C+for%5C+many%5C+species%2C%5C+with%5C+various%5C+biodiversity%5C+and%5C+as%5C+much%5C+as%5C+endemism%5C+and%5C+some%5C+endangered%5C+plants%2C%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+of%5C+Mt.%5C+Jiaozi%5C+is%5C+viewed%5C+as%5C+a%5C+key%5C+area%5C+which%5C+should%5C+be%5C+paid%5C+special%5C+attention%5C+to.%5C+The%5C+flora%5C+constitution%5C+of%5C+this%5C+area%5C+has%5C+complex%5C+origins%5C+and%5C+multiple%5C+elements%5C+through%5C+the%5C+statistics.%5C+2.%5C+The%5C+modern%5C+flora%5C+of%5C+Mt.%5C+jiaozi%5C+mainly%5C+includes%5C+the%5C+Chinese%5C+endemic%5C+elements%5C+and%5C+the%5C+Asian%5C+endemic%5C+elements%2C%5C+these%5C+two%5C+parts%5C+take%5C+up%5C+81.65%25.%5C+The%5C+characteristic%5C+of%5C+this%5C+flora%5C+is%5C+typically%5C+temperate.%5C+3.%5C+Mt.%5C+Jiaozi%5C+is%5C+the%5C+north%5C+or%5C+the%5C+south%5C+distribution%5C+limitation%5C+to%5C+some%5C+important%5C+species%5C+as%5C+a%5C+floristic%5C+node.%5C+For%5C+example%2C%5C+species%5C+as%5C+Ephedra%5C+likiangensis%2C%5C+Solms%5C-Laubachia%5C+pulcherrima%2C%5C+Soroseris%5C+hirsute%2C%5C+Paraquilegia%5C+microphylla%5C+which%5C+were%5C+used%5C+to%5C+be%5C+throught%5C+as%5C+limited%5C+in%5C+the%5C+northwestern%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%5C+had%5C+been%5C+found%5C+in%5C+this%5C+area.%5C+It%5C+indicates%5C+that%2C%5C+Mt.%5C+Jiaozi%5C+should%5C+become%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+foci%5C+of%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+regionalization%5C+in%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+even%5C+in%5C+China.%5C+4.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+view%5C+of%5C+the%5C+endemism%5C+of%5C+6%5C+families%5C+and%5C+66%5C+genera%5C+and%5C+544%5C+species%5C+in%5C+East%5C+Asian%2C%5C+this%5C+eara%5C+is%5C+a%5C+part%5C+of%5C+the%5C+East%5C+Asiatic%5C+Kingdom.%5C+The%5C+status%5C+of%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+of%5C+Mt.%5C+jiaozi%5C+in%5C+the%5C+East%5C+Asiatic%5C+Kingdom%5C+should%5C+be%5C+classified%5C+as%5C+Central%5C+Yunnan%5C+plateau%5C+subregion%5C-%5C-Yunnan%5C+plateau%5C+region%5C-%5C-Sino%5C-Himalayan%5C+forest%5C+subkingdom."},{"jsname":"Mushroom Research Foundation","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AMushroom%5C+Research%5C+Foundation"},{"jsname":"National Research Council of Thailand (Mae Fah Luang University)[592010200112]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ANational%5C+Research%5C+Council%5C+of%5C+Thailand%5C+%5C%28Mae%5C+Fah%5C+Luang%5C+University%5C%29%5C%5B592010200112%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"National Research Council of Thailand (Mae Fah Luang University)[60201000201]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ANational%5C+Research%5C+Council%5C+of%5C+Thailand%5C+%5C%28Mae%5C+Fah%5C+Luang%5C+University%5C%29%5C%5B60201000201%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"National Science Centre, Poland[2015/17/D/NZ8/00778]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ANational%5C+Science%5C+Centre%2C%5C+Poland%5C%5B2015%5C%2F17%5C%2FD%5C%2FNZ8%5C%2F00778%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"National Science Centre, Poland[2016/23/B/NZ8/00897]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ANational%5C+Science%5C+Centre%2C%5C+Poland%5C%5B2016%5C%2F23%5C%2FB%5C%2FNZ8%5C%2F00897%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"National Science Centre, Poland[2017/25/B/NZ8/00473]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ANational%5C+Science%5C+Centre%2C%5C+Poland%5C%5B2017%5C%2F25%5C%2FB%5C%2FNZ8%5C%2F00473%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"National Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[31750110478]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ANational%5C+Science%5C+Foundation%5C+of%5C+China%5C+%5C%28NSFC%5C%29%5C%5B31750110478%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Orchidaceae is one of the largest families in angiosperm, but sadly they are among the most threatened of plants due to over collection and habitat loss. The conservation of orchids is more important and imminent under current climatic change scenarios. Orchids always have complex ecological interactions with pollinators, therefore it is critical to know their pollination strategies when apply conservation policy and techniques. The slipper orchids of Cypripedium Section Trigonopedia were thought to be pollinated by flies, yet no detailed experimental evidence was provided until now. The genus Calanthe comprises 150 species, only three of them have been observed their pollinators. In this dissertation, we investigated the pollination ecology of three orchids, Cypripedium fargesii Franch., Calanthe yaoshanensis Z. X. Ren et H. Wang and C. tricarinata Lindl. at the Yaoshan National Natural Reserve, Qiaojia, northeastern Yunnan, China. This study examined habitat, phenology, floral traits, pollinators, floral scent and reproductive success for each orchid. We dissected their pollination systems and deciphered attraction mechanisms involved. Finally we provided a conservation strategy for each orchid. 1. Breeding system, Cypripedium fargesii, Calanthe yaoshanensis and C. tricarinata are all self-compatible. However, there are no autogamy mechanisms under natural conditions; pollinators are needed for successful reproduction. The proportion of fully developed and viable embryos of cross-pollinated seeds is significantly higher than self-pollinated seeds. Post-zygotic fatality was the main cause for aborted embryo development of self-pollinated ovaries. 2. Pollination ecology of Cypripdium fargesii, Cypripedium fargesii is almost exclusively pollinated by mycophilous flat-footed flies in the genus Agathomyia (Platypezidae, Diptera). Our study is the first to report the flat-footed fly to be the pollinator of flowering plants. We suggest a novel deceptive pollination system that specifically targets flat-footed flies in C. fargesii. The orchid accomplishes its deception through morphology and offactory mimicry of ascomycete fungi infected leaves：(1) We found mycelia and conidia of Cladosporium sp. (Davidiellaceae) on the surface of mouthparts and tarsi of examined flies, this indicates that adult Agathomyia fly is feeding on fungal spores. Cladosporium always infects leaves and fruits of wild and cultivate plants and causes black mold spots on the surface of leaves and fruits. (2) The upper surface of orchid leaves are scattered with black or blackish maroon spots, also with a cluster of multicells chain-like trichome at the center of spots. These spots are similar to fungi infected mold spots on the surface of leaves. (3) The flower produce more than 50 scent molecules associated with a wide variety of flowers, leaves and fruits. 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and 1-Hexanol are also detected from Cladosporium, and 3-methyl-1-butanol is a typical microbial organic compound. The leaves of orchids and scent molecules mimic of ascomycete fungi infected leaves to attract flat-footed flies to find fungal spores for food. The orchid utilizes the special food habit and feeding behaviours of flat-footed flies. 3. Pollination ecology of Calanthe yaoshanensis. Calanthe yaoshanensis Z. X. Ren et H. Wang is a new species published by author. The main pollinator is drone fly (Eristalis tenax). C. yaoshanensis provides no reward to insect visitors, its pollination strategy is generalized food deception. The pollinators of C. yaoshanensis are attracted to bright yellow-colored perianths and alcohol-related sweet scent of the flowers. 4. Pollination ecology of Calanthe tricarinata, The insect visitation to C. tricarinata is very scarce, and Bombus patagiatus, the primary pollinator, carries pollinaria on its head. The pollination strategy is generalized food deception. The bumble bees are probably attracted by the yellow-colored sepals and petals, and brick-red lip of the orchid flowers. The fruit set is very low, 1.20%, 2.96% and 2.74% for 2008 to 2010 years, significant difference among three years. Low fruit set is due to severe pollinator limitation in over-grazing habitat. 5. Conservation strategies, Cypripedium fargesii is suggested to be conserved in situ, and both in situ and ex situ are recommended for conservation of two Calanthe species.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AOrchidaceae%5C+is%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+largest%5C+families%5C+in%5C+angiosperm%2C%5C+but%5C+sadly%5C+they%5C+are%5C+among%5C+the%5C+most%5C+threatened%5C+of%5C+plants%5C+due%5C+to%5C+over%5C+collection%5C+and%5C+habitat%5C+loss.%5C+The%5C+conservation%5C+of%5C+orchids%5C+is%5C+more%5C+important%5C+and%5C+imminent%5C+under%5C+current%5C+climatic%5C+change%5C+scenarios.%5C+Orchids%5C+always%5C+have%5C+complex%5C+ecological%5C+interactions%5C+with%5C+pollinators%2C%5C+therefore%5C+it%5C+is%5C+critical%5C+to%5C+know%5C+their%5C+pollination%5C+strategies%5C+when%5C+apply%5C+conservation%5C+policy%5C+and%5C+techniques.%5C+The%5C+slipper%5C+orchids%5C+of%5C+Cypripedium%5C+Section%5C+Trigonopedia%5C+were%5C+thought%5C+to%5C+be%5C+pollinated%5C+by%5C+flies%2C%5C+yet%5C+no%5C+detailed%5C+experimental%5C+evidence%5C+was%5C+provided%5C+until%5C+now.%5C+The%5C+genus%5C+Calanthe%5C+comprises%5C+150%5C+species%2C%5C+only%5C+three%5C+of%5C+them%5C+have%5C+been%5C+observed%5C+their%5C+pollinators.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+dissertation%2C%5C+we%5C+investigated%5C+the%5C+pollination%5C+ecology%5C+of%5C+three%5C+orchids%2C%5C+Cypripedium%5C+fargesii%5C+Franch.%2C%5C+Calanthe%5C+yaoshanensis%5C+Z.%5C+X.%5C+Ren%5C+et%5C+H.%5C+Wang%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+tricarinata%5C+Lindl.%5C+at%5C+the%5C+Yaoshan%5C+National%5C+Natural%5C+Reserve%2C%5C+Qiaojia%2C%5C+northeastern%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+China.%5C+This%5C+study%5C+examined%5C+habitat%2C%5C+phenology%2C%5C+floral%5C+traits%2C%5C+pollinators%2C%5C+floral%5C+scent%5C+and%5C+reproductive%5C+success%5C+for%5C+each%5C+orchid.%5C+We%5C+dissected%5C+their%5C+pollination%5C+systems%5C+and%5C+deciphered%5C+attraction%5C+mechanisms%5C+involved.%5C+Finally%5C+we%5C+provided%5C+a%5C+conservation%5C+strategy%5C+for%5C+each%5C+orchid.%5C+1.%5C+Breeding%5C+system%2C%5C+Cypripedium%5C+fargesii%2C%5C+Calanthe%5C+yaoshanensis%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+tricarinata%5C+are%5C+all%5C+self%5C-compatible.%5C+However%2C%5C+there%5C+are%5C+no%5C+autogamy%5C+mechanisms%5C+under%5C+natural%5C+conditions%5C%3B%5C+pollinators%5C+are%5C+needed%5C+for%5C+successful%5C+reproduction.%5C+The%5C+proportion%5C+of%5C+fully%5C+developed%5C+and%5C+viable%5C+embryos%5C+of%5C+cross%5C-pollinated%5C+seeds%5C+is%5C+significantly%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+self%5C-pollinated%5C+seeds.%5C+Post%5C-zygotic%5C+fatality%5C+was%5C+the%5C+main%5C+cause%5C+for%5C+aborted%5C+embryo%5C+development%5C+of%5C+self%5C-pollinated%5C+ovaries.%5C+2.%5C+Pollination%5C+ecology%5C+of%5C+Cypripdium%5C+fargesii%2C%5C+Cypripedium%5C+fargesii%5C+is%5C+almost%5C+exclusively%5C+pollinated%5C+by%5C+mycophilous%5C+flat%5C-footed%5C+flies%5C+in%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Agathomyia%5C+%5C%28Platypezidae%2C%5C+Diptera%5C%29.%5C+Our%5C+study%5C+is%5C+the%5C+first%5C+to%5C+report%5C+the%5C+flat%5C-footed%5C+fly%5C+to%5C+be%5C+the%5C+pollinator%5C+of%5C+flowering%5C+plants.%5C+We%5C+suggest%5C+a%5C+novel%5C+deceptive%5C+pollination%5C+system%5C+that%5C+specifically%5C+targets%5C+flat%5C-footed%5C+flies%5C+in%5C+C.%5C+fargesii.%5C+The%5C+orchid%5C+accomplishes%5C+its%5C+deception%5C+through%5C+morphology%5C+and%5C+offactory%5C+mimicry%5C+of%5C+ascomycete%5C+fungi%5C+infected%5C+leaves%EF%BC%9A%5C%281%5C%29%5C+We%5C+found%5C+mycelia%5C+and%5C+conidia%5C+of%5C+Cladosporium%5C+sp.%5C+%5C%28Davidiellaceae%5C%29%5C+on%5C+the%5C+surface%5C+of%5C+mouthparts%5C+and%5C+tarsi%5C+of%5C+examined%5C+flies%2C%5C+this%5C+indicates%5C+that%5C+adult%5C+Agathomyia%5C+fly%5C+is%5C+feeding%5C+on%5C+fungal%5C+spores.%5C+Cladosporium%5C+always%5C+infects%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+fruits%5C+of%5C+wild%5C+and%5C+cultivate%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+causes%5C+black%5C+mold%5C+spots%5C+on%5C+the%5C+surface%5C+of%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+fruits.%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%5C+The%5C+upper%5C+surface%5C+of%5C+orchid%5C+leaves%5C+are%5C+scattered%5C+with%5C+black%5C+or%5C+blackish%5C+maroon%5C+spots%2C%5C+also%5C+with%5C+a%5C+cluster%5C+of%5C+multicells%5C+chain%5C-like%5C+trichome%5C+at%5C+the%5C+center%5C+of%5C+spots.%5C+These%5C+spots%5C+are%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+fungi%5C+infected%5C+mold%5C+spots%5C+on%5C+the%5C+surface%5C+of%5C+leaves.%5C+%5C%283%5C%29%5C+The%5C+flower%5C+produce%5C+more%5C+than%5C+50%5C+scent%5C+molecules%5C+associated%5C+with%5C+a%5C+wide%5C+variety%5C+of%5C+flowers%2C%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+fruits.%5C+3%5C-methyl%5C-1%5C-butanol%2C%5C+2%5C-ethyl%5C-1%5C-hexanol%5C+and%5C+1%5C-Hexanol%5C+are%5C+also%5C+detected%5C+from%5C+Cladosporium%2C%5C+and%5C+3%5C-methyl%5C-1%5C-butanol%5C+is%5C+a%5C+typical%5C+microbial%5C+organic%5C+compound.%5C+The%5C+leaves%5C+of%5C+orchids%5C+and%5C+scent%5C+molecules%5C+mimic%5C+of%5C+ascomycete%5C+fungi%5C+infected%5C+leaves%5C+to%5C+attract%5C+flat%5C-footed%5C+flies%5C+to%5C+find%5C+fungal%5C+spores%5C+for%5C+food.%5C+The%5C+orchid%5C+utilizes%5C+the%5C+special%5C+food%5C+habit%5C+and%5C+feeding%5C+behaviours%5C+of%5C+flat%5C-footed%5C+flies.%5C+%5C+3.%5C+Pollination%5C+ecology%5C+of%5C+Calanthe%5C+yaoshanensis.%5C+Calanthe%5C+yaoshanensis%5C+Z.%5C+X.%5C+Ren%5C+et%5C+H.%5C+Wang%5C+is%5C+a%5C+new%5C+species%5C+published%5C+by%5C+author.%5C+The%5C+main%5C+pollinator%5C+is%5C+drone%5C+fly%5C+%5C%28Eristalis%5C+tenax%5C%29.%5C+C.%5C+yaoshanensis%5C+provides%5C+no%5C+reward%5C+to%5C+insect%5C+visitors%2C%5C+its%5C+pollination%5C+strategy%5C+is%5C+generalized%5C+food%5C+deception.%5C+The%5C+pollinators%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yaoshanensis%5C+are%5C+attracted%5C+to%5C+bright%5C+yellow%5C-colored%5C+perianths%5C+and%5C+alcohol%5C-related%5C+sweet%5C+scent%5C+of%5C+the%5C+flowers.%5C+4.%5C+Pollination%5C+ecology%5C+of%5C+Calanthe%5C+tricarinata%2C%5C+The%5C+insect%5C+visitation%5C+to%5C+C.%5C+tricarinata%5C+is%5C+very%5C+scarce%2C%5C+and%5C+Bombus%5C+patagiatus%2C%5C+the%5C+primary%5C+pollinator%2C%5C+carries%5C+pollinaria%5C+on%5C+its%5C+head.%5C+The%5C+pollination%5C+strategy%5C+is%5C+generalized%5C+food%5C+deception.%5C+The%5C+bumble%5C+bees%5C+are%5C+probably%5C+attracted%5C+by%5C+the%5C+yellow%5C-colored%5C+sepals%5C+and%5C+petals%2C%5C+and%5C+brick%5C-red%5C+lip%5C+of%5C+the%5C+orchid%5C+flowers.%5C+The%5C+fruit%5C+set%5C+is%5C+very%5C+low%2C%5C+1.20%25%2C%5C+2.96%25%5C+and%5C+2.74%25%5C+for%5C+2008%5C+to%5C+2010%5C+years%2C%5C+significant%5C+difference%5C+among%5C+three%5C+years.%5C+Low%5C+fruit%5C+set%5C+is%5C+due%5C+to%5C+severe%5C+pollinator%5C+limitation%5C+in%5C+over%5C-grazing%5C+habitat.%5C+5.%5C+Conservation%5C+strategies%2C%5C+Cypripedium%5C+fargesii%5C+is%5C+suggested%5C+to%5C+be%5C+conserved%5C+in%5C+situ%2C%5C+and%5C+both%5C+in%5C+situ%5C+and%5C+ex%5C+situ%5C+are%5C+recommended%5C+for%5C+conservation%5C+of%5C+two%5C+Calanthe%5C+species."},{"jsname":"Russian Science Foundation[16-14-00005]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ARussian%5C+Science%5C+Foundation%5C%5B16%5C-14%5C-00005%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Thailand Research Fund (TRF)[RSA5980068]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThailand%5C+Research%5C+Fund%5C+%5C%28TRF%5C%29%5C%5BRSA5980068%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"This dissertation consists of four chapters. First chapter presents the result of investigation on chemical constituents and cytotoxic activities of Isodon rubescens var. rubescens f. lushanensis collected in Luanchuan prefecture of Henan province. Second chapter gives the research result on chemical constituents and cytotoxic activities of I leucophyllus (Dunn)Kudo collected in Shangri-La county, Yunnan province. The third chapter describes the same theme of I. scoparius C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li(Dunn)Kudocollected in Shangri-La county, Yunnan province. Chapter 4 is a review on the research progress of bicyclic and tricyclic diterpenoids in natural products, recently.80 compounds were isolated and identified from the above mentioned plants of the genus Isodon by means of chromatograhy methods and spectroscopic analyses, including 24 new compounds. Structural style of these compounds includes diterpenoids (ent-kaurane, ent-kaurane dimer, ent-abietane, ent-labdane, ent-clerodane), triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and lignans. From ITwo diterpenoid dimmers with unique 16→17'' linkage were isolated and characterized from I leucophyllus for the first time. One ent-kaurane diterpenoids and one ent-clerodane dinorditerpenoid were isolated from Isodon scoparius. Especially, it was a powerful chemical evidence to clarify Isodon scoparius was one original species in the genus Isodon in view of biosynthetic pathway... rubescens var. rubescens f. lushanensis, two novel diterpenoids with unprecedented skeletons (one possessed a broken A ring and another with an expanded B ring) were isolated for the first time. Most diterpenoids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against several kinds of human tumor cell lines in vitro. Some of them exhibited significant activities and deserved to be studied thoroughly. With the preservation of bioactive center (α-mythelene cyclopentanone) in the structure, the diterpenoid which possesed a broken A ring still displayed potent cytotoxicity in HL-60 cell line. It could provide a helpful clue for simplifying the chemical structure of diterpenoids with significant cytotoxicity.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Var.-formosana&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThis%5C+dissertation%5C+consists%5C+of%5C+four%5C+chapters.%5C+First%5C+chapter%5C+presents%5C+the%5C+result%5C+of%5C+investigation%5C+on%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+cytotoxic%5C+activities%5C+of%5C+Isodon%5C+rubescens%5C+var.%5C+rubescens%5C+f.%5C+lushanensis%5C+collected%5C+in%5C+Luanchuan%5C+prefecture%5C+of%5C+Henan%5C+province.%5C+Second%5C+chapter%5C+gives%5C+the%5C+research%5C+result%5C+on%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+cytotoxic%5C+activities%5C+of%5C+I%5C+leucophyllus%5C+%5C%28Dunn%5C%29Kudo%5C+collected%5C+in%5C+Shangri%5C-La%5C+county%2C%5C+Yunnan%5C+province.%5C+The%5C+third%5C+chapter%5C+describes%5C+the%5C+same%5C+theme%5C+of%5C+I.%5C+scoparius%5C+C.%5C+Y.%5C+Wu%5C+et%5C+H.%5C+W.%5C+Li%5C%28Dunn%5C%29Kudocollected%5C+in%5C+Shangri%5C-La%5C+county%2C%5C+Yunnan%5C+province.%5C+Chapter%5C+4%5C+is%5C+a%5C+review%5C+on%5C+the%5C+research%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+bicyclic%5C+and%5C+tricyclic%5C+diterpenoids%5C+in%5C+natural%5C+products%2C%5C+recently.80%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+the%5C+above%5C+mentioned%5C+plants%5C+of%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Isodon%5C+by%5C+means%5C+of%5C+chromatograhy%5C+methods%5C+and%5C+spectroscopic%5C+analyses%2C%5C+including%5C+24%5C+new%5C+compounds.%5C+Structural%5C+style%5C+of%5C+these%5C+compounds%5C+includes%5C+diterpenoids%5C+%5C%28ent%5C-kaurane%2C%5C+ent%5C-kaurane%5C+dimer%2C%5C+ent%5C-abietane%2C%5C+ent%5C-labdane%2C%5C+ent%5C-clerodane%5C%29%2C%5C+triterpenoids%2C%5C+steroids%2C%5C+flavonoids%2C%5C+and%5C+lignans.%5C+From%5C+ITwo%5C+diterpenoid%5C+dimmers%5C+with%5C+unique%5C+16%E2%86%9217%27%27%5C+linkage%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+characterized%5C+from%5C+I%5C+leucophyllus%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time.%5C+One%5C+ent%5C-kaurane%5C+diterpenoids%5C+and%5C+one%5C+ent%5C-clerodane%5C+dinorditerpenoid%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+Isodon%5C+scoparius.%5C+Especially%2C%5C+it%5C+was%5C+a%5C+powerful%5C+chemical%5C+evidence%5C+to%5C+clarify%5C+Isodon%5C+scoparius%5C+was%5C+one%5C+original%5C+species%5C+in%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Isodon%5C+in%5C+view%5C+of%5C+biosynthetic%5C+pathway...%5C+rubescens%5C+var.%5C+rubescens%5C+f.%5C+lushanensis%2C%5C+two%5C+novel%5C+diterpenoids%5C+with%5C+unprecedented%5C+skeletons%5C+%5C%28one%5C+possessed%5C+a%5C+broken%5C+A%5C+ring%5C+and%5C+another%5C+with%5C+an%5C+expanded%5C+B%5C+ring%5C%29%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time.%5C+Most%5C+diterpenoids%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+their%5C+cytotoxic%5C+activity%5C+against%5C+several%5C+kinds%5C+of%5C+human%5C+tumor%5C+cell%5C+lines%5C+in%5C+vitro.%5C+Some%5C+of%5C+them%5C+exhibited%5C+significant%5C+activities%5C+and%5C+deserved%5C+to%5C+be%5C+studied%5C+thoroughly.%5C+With%5C+the%5C+preservation%5C+of%5C+bioactive%5C+center%5C+%5C%28%CE%B1%5C-mythelene%5C+cyclopentanone%5C%29%5C+in%5C+the%5C+structure%2C%5C+the%5C+diterpenoid%5C+which%5C+possesed%5C+a%5C+broken%5C+A%5C+ring%5C+still%5C+displayed%5C+potent%5C+cytotoxicity%5C+in%5C+HL%5C-60%5C+cell%5C+line.%5C+It%5C+could%5C+provide%5C+a%5C+helpful%5C+clue%5C+for%5C+simplifying%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+diterpenoids%5C+with%5C+significant%5C+cytotoxicity."},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-07-17"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
CAS Presid... [1]
Chiang Mai... [1]
Chinese Ac... [1]
Chinese Ac... [1]
Cycas mich... [1]
Cytology s... [1]
更多...
收录类别
SCI [43]
CSCD [5]
IC [3]
资助机构
Chinese Ac... [2]
"Coordenac... [1]
201306) [1]
31000013 [1]
31200016 [1]
31360014 [1]
更多...
×
知识图谱
KIB OpenIR
开始提交
已提交作品
待认领作品
已认领作品
未提交全文
收藏管理
QQ客服
官方微博
反馈留言
浏览/检索结果:
共189条，第1-10条
帮助
已选(
0
)
清除
条数/页：
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
排序方式：
请选择
作者升序
作者降序
WOS被引频次升序
WOS被引频次降序
期刊影响因子升序
期刊影响因子降序
发表日期升序
发表日期降序
题名升序
题名降序
提交时间升序
提交时间降序
台湾北部福山地区亚热带雨林种子雨之研究
期刊论文
出版物, 3111, 页码: 1-95
作者:
张杨家豪
Adobe PDF(2261Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：143/3
|
提交时间：2017/07/19
台湾北部福山地区亚热带雨林幼苗之研究
期刊论文
出版物, 3111, 页码: 1-100
作者:
吕佳陵
Adobe PDF(3786Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：149/2
|
提交时间：2017/07/19
Chemical Constituents of Species in the Genus Pleione (Orchidaceae) and the Implications from Molecular Phylogeny
期刊论文
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, 2021, 卷号: 18, 期号: 1
作者:
Zhang,Wei
;
Zhang,Lin-Fei
;
Deng,Yu
;
Qin,Jiao
;
Zhang,Shi-Bao
;
Hu,Jiang-Miao
浏览
|
Adobe PDF(2546Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：96/27
|
提交时间：2022/04/02
pleione
shan-ci-gu
medicinal orchid
HPLC fingerprint
phylogeny
IMPAIRMENT
HYBRIDS
Plastome phylogenomics of Cephalotaxus (Cephalotaxaceae) and allied genera
期刊论文
ANNALS OF BOTANY, 2021, 卷号: 127, 期号: 5, 页码: 697-708
作者:
Ji,Yunheng
;
Liu,Changkun
;
Landis,Jacob B.
;
Deng,Min
;
Chen,Jiahui
浏览
|
Adobe PDF(2975Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：96/23
|
提交时间：2022/04/02
Gymnosperm
Cephalotaxaceae
Taxaceae
phylogeny
molecular dating
taxonomic delineation
recent speciation
QUANTITATIVE RECONSTRUCTION
PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY
SOUTHWEST CHINA
TAXACEAE
FLORA
CHLOROPLAST
SEQUENCE
CLIMATE
Simultaneous diversification of Polypodiales and angiosperms in the Mesozoic
期刊论文
CLADISTICS, 2021, 卷号: 37, 期号: 5, 页码: 518-539
作者:
Du,Xin-Yu
;
Lu,Jin-Mei
;
Zhang,Li-Bing
;
Wen,Jun
;
Kuo,Li-Yaung
;
Mynssen,Claudine M.
;
Schneider,Harald
;
Li,De-Zhu
浏览
|
Adobe PDF(1028Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：103/29
|
提交时间：2022/04/02
CHLOROPLAST GENOME SEQUENCE
EARLY CRETACEOUS FERNS
EUPOLYPOD II FERNS
OLDEST MACROFOSSIL
RAPID RADIATION
1ST FOSSIL
SP-NOV.
EVOLUTION
PHYLOGENY
FAMILY
Western Tethys origin, tropical Asia and tropical America disjunction in Berchemia and reinstatement of Phyllogeiton (Rhamneae, Rhamnaceae)
期刊论文
TAXON, 2021, 卷号: 70, 期号: 3, 页码: 515-525
作者:
Huang,Xianhan
;
Deng,Tao
;
Chen,Shaotian
;
Landis,Jacob B.
;
Lin,Nan
;
Yang,Yi
;
Hu,Guangwan
;
Zhou,Zhuo
;
Wang,Yuehua
;
Wang,Hengchang
;
Tojibaev,Komiljon Sh
;
Sun,Hang
浏览
|
Adobe PDF(1553Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：140/26
|
提交时间：2022/04/02
Asian monsoons
Berchemia
diversification
historical biogeography
North Atlantic Land Bridges
Western Tethys
两种植物的次生代谢产物及米团花烷二倍半萜结构修饰研究
学位论文
, 2020
作者:
耿浩
Adobe PDF(10188Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：52/0
|
提交时间：2023/11/02
康定鼠尾草中抗血小板活性松香烷二萜的研究
学位论文
, 2020
作者:
夏凡
Adobe PDF(9707Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：20/0
|
提交时间：2023/11/02
高速逆流色谱在五味子科植物特征性成分快速分离中的应用
学位论文
, 2020
作者:
马仁芬
Adobe PDF(9198Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：18/0
|
提交时间：2023/11/02
草果、草豆蔻和薄荷中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和PTP1B 活性成分研究
学位论文
, 2020
作者:
何小凤
Adobe PDF(12405Kb)
|
收藏
|
浏览/下载：37/0
|
提交时间：2023/11/02
