Scale dependence shapes how plant traits differentially affect levels of pre- and post-dispersal seed predation in Scots pine

doi:10.1007/s10342-019-01198-y

	Scale dependence shapes how plant traits differentially affect levels of pre- and post-dispersal seed predation in Scots pine
	Worthy, Fiona R.1; Hulme, Philip E.2
通讯作者	Worthy, Fiona R.(worthy@mail.kib.ac.cn)
	2019-08-01
发表期刊	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
ISSN	1612-4669
卷号	138 期号:4 页码:653-672
摘要	To understand the demographic consequences of seed predation, it is essential to scale-up losses over space and time. We tested how individual tree characteristics, forest attributes, and the local environment affected rates of both pre- and post-dispersal seed predation in Scots pine Pinus sylvestris, in Scotland's ancient native pinewoods. The sampling strategy was hierarchical, allowing assessment of how the influence of these factors differed with spatial scale. This approach revealed that the fate of a tree's seeds depended on many factors, at multiple scales. Levels of seed predation were highly variable over space and time. Seed predation by local post-dispersal seed predators (invertebrates and small mammals) varied at the finest spatial scales, whereas mobile avian pre-dispersal seed predators discriminated among seeds at every spatial scale. Tree crown shape affected removal of seed by all seed predators; both crossbills Loxia spp. and generalist avian granivores selected trees with broad crowns. However, trees with narrow crowns were selected by red squirrels Sciurus vulgaris, and the associated tall understory vegetation supported the highest levels of post-dispersal seed predation. Seed chemistry was an effective seed defence that reduced seed loss to all seed predators. In contrast, increases in physical cone defence were ineffective at reducing seed loss and showed a potential trade-off with investment in seed viability. Large seeds carried a survival cost, being preferentially consumed by squirrels and post-dispersal seed predators. All post-dispersal seed predators consumed a higher proportion of seeds at the times and locations where seed fall was greatest.
关键词	Conifer Granivory Pinus sylvestris Native pinewood Seed fate Spatio-temporal variation
DOI	10.1007/s10342-019-01198-y
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000475673000008
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/68115
专题	资源植物与生物技术所级重点实验室
通讯作者	Worthy, Fiona R.
作者单位	1.Kunming Inst Bot, Ctr Mt Ecosyst Studies, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China 2.Lincoln Univ, Bioprotect Ctr, POB 85084, Canterbury, New Zealand
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Worthy, Fiona R.,Hulme, Philip E.. Scale dependence shapes how plant traits differentially affect levels of pre- and post-dispersal seed predation in Scots pine[J]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH,2019,138(4):653-672.
APA	Worthy, Fiona R.,&Hulme, Philip E..(2019).Scale dependence shapes how plant traits differentially affect levels of pre- and post-dispersal seed predation in Scots pine.EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH,138(4),653-672.
MLA	Worthy, Fiona R.,et al."Scale dependence shapes how plant traits differentially affect levels of pre- and post-dispersal seed predation in Scots pine".EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH 138.4(2019):653-672.

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