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中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
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昆明植物所硕博研... [239]
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Wang Yuhua [7]
孙卫邦 [7]
李德铢 [6]
杨祝良 [5]
何俊 [5]
Yang Yongp... [4]
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植物分类与资源学报 [72]
云南植物研究 [50]
广西植物 [16]
种子 [8]
云南农业大学学报 [7]
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GST, P < 0.05) were exhibited by this species. The SAMOVA revealed seven diverging groups of related chlorotypes, six of them had distinct nonoverlapping geographical ranges: one in the northeast comprising 10 populations, a second with a southeast distribution comprising 22 populations, and the remaning four groups comprising 15 populations located in the west part of the species’ range along different river valleys. The genetic clustering of populations into three regions was also supported by analysis of molecular variance, which showed that most genetic variation (82.43%) was found among these three regions. Two clusters were distinguished by both phylogenetic analysis and genealogical analysis of chlorotypes, one consisting of chlorotypes from the western region and the second consisting of those from the eastern region. Significant genetic differences between the two regions might be attributed to vicariance and restricted gene flow, and this vicariance could be explained by the physical environmental heterogeneity on each side of the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line. Following the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the reorganization of the major river drainages was primarily caused by river separation and capture events. These historical events could change the distribution of S. davidii from fragmented to continuous (Upper/Lower Jinshajiang and Yalongjiang/Daduhe), and from continuous to fragmented (Nujiang and Jinshajiang/Honghe). However, spatial and temporal patterns of phylogeographic divergence are strongly associated with historical disjunction rather than modern drainage connections. Moreover, the following north-south split in the eastern region and effective isolation with their genetic diversity were essentially modelled by genetic drift. The higher chlorotype richness and genetic divergence for populations in western region compared with other two regions suggests that there were multipe refugia or in situ survival of S. davidii in the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountain region. Fixation of chlorotypes in the northeastern region and near fixation in the southeastern region suggest a recent colonization of these areas. We further found that this species underwent past range expansion around 37-303 thousand years ago (kya). The southeastern populations likely experienced a demographic expansion via unidirectional gene flow along rivers, while northeastern populations underwent a more northward expansion, both from initial populations (s) (21, 22, 23) preserved on eastern refugia (Jinshajiang). This process might have been accompanied with a series of founder effects or bottlenecks making populations genetically impoverished. 3. Phylogeographic analysisbased on nuclear sequence,We sequenced the nuclear (ncpGS) region in all populations sampled, recovering 23 nuclear haplotypes. Compared to cpDNA, both NST (0.470) and GST (0.338) were relatively lower, but NST was also significantly larger than GST. 37.10% of the total variation was distributed among regions which was much lower than that shown by chlorotypes. Thus, more extensive distribution of nuclear haplotypes was exhibited across the geographical range instead of the strong population subdivision observed in chlorotypes. Similarly to the chloroplast data, we found that genetic differentiation of nDNA was positively correlated with the geographical distance, but the increase in the geographical distance between populations did not increase the genetic differentiation of nDNA as rapidly as that of cpDNA. These contrasting levels between the chloroplast and nuclear genomes of S. davidii are likely due to limited gene flow of cpDNA by seeds vs. the extensive gene flow of nDNA by wind-mediated pollen in the population history. We also determined from nuclear markers that haplotype diversity was reduced in the southeastern and northeastern regions due to the loss of rare haplotypes in western region. This reduction of gene diversity is also a signature of founder events or recent bottleneck during post-glacial colonization. However, nuclear diversity within populations remains high. This provides evidence that regionally pollen flow might be sufficiently high to blur the genetic identity of founder populations over a reasonably large spatial scale.3. Relationships among three varieties,The phylogenetic analysis identified two phylogroups of chlorotypes, corresponding to S. davidii var. davidii and var. chuansinesis. The former was distinguished by the abscence of predonminant nuclear haplotype H1 of the latter. The monophyletic group of chlorotypes in var. davidii and var. liangshanesis showed their relatively close relationship. And their genetic divergence from the third variety appears to be relative to their slight morphological difference in leaf size and the divergent environmental niche spaces they occupy. Thus, the observed differences in morphological characters between var. chuansinesis and other two varieties can be explained by the seed dispersal limitation illustrated above (as inferred by geographical separation) and by environmental heterogeneity (as inferred by precipitation or elevation) or by a combination of both. After all, the geological changes, drainage reorganization, and floristic differences following the Himalayan uplift have been suggested to affect the genetic structure of S. davidii. These results provide new insights into the phylogeographic pattern of plants in China. In addition, the unique population genetic structure found in S. davidii has provided important insights into the evolutionary history of this species. The genetic profile uncovered in this study is also critical for its conservation management. Our study has uncovered the existence of at least two ‘evolutionary significant units’ independent units within S. davidii, corresponding to var. davidii from eastern region and var. chuansinensis from western region. The conservation efforts should first focus on most western populations and on the southeastern ones exhibiting high levels of genetic diversity, while the genetically homogeneous northeastern populations located in the degraded Loess Plateau should require much greater conservation 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floritistic composition, characteristics, endemism, origin and evolution were studied on the base of literature checked, field investigation, specimens checked and previous research work. The main result are as follows: 1. Guishan Region is rich in seed-plants. The Guishan Region flora consists of 129 families and 488 genera and 1069 species of which 6 species in 5 genera and 3 families belong to Gymnosperm, 842 species in 381 genera and 100 families belong to dicotyledon, 421 species in 102 genera and 26 families belong to monocotyledon.2. Flora Composition: The floristic elements of 62.02% tropical families and 37.98% temperate one indicates that the flora of this region has a close relationship with tropical flora historically and geographically. The floristic elements of 44.68% tropical genera and 52.96% temperate one reveals dominant temperate property, which one of the typical floristic characters in subtropical mountain region; the floristic elements of 53.83% tropical species(excluding species which are endemic to china and distribute world-wide ), 46.17% temperate ones indicates that the flora is subtropical in nature. 433 species are endemic to China ,43.96% of all the species (excluding the species world-wide).Very few species (44 species endemic to China accounted for 10.16%) distribute to the North, most of which distribute only to Shanxi, Henan, Gansu Province., indicating weak feature of temperate flora of Guishan region in nature. Statistical analysis showed that indicates that the flora of this region has a close relationship with tropical flora historically and geographically, shows transitional features in flora between tropical to temperate flora.. 3. By the comparison with five adjacent limestone and non-limestone flora on the level of family and genus, we found that the flora of Guishan Region is most closely related to the flora of Shishan Mountain and Xiaobaicaoling and Wuliang Mountain all of which situate in Central Yunnan. So the flora position of Guishan Region is: Central Yunnan Plaetau Subregion, the Yunnan Plaetau Region, the Sino-Himalayan forest Subkingdom, the east Asiatic Kingdom.4. The endemic plants in Guishan Region are rich, and the flora of Guishan Region shows limestone features. 10 genera are endemic to China, 433 species are endemic to China. Among the Chineses endemic plants, 1 genes and 7 species are endemic to Guishan Region in which 1 genes(Parasiometrum) and 3 species (Begonia guishanensis, Petrocosmea guishanensis, Parasiometrum mileens) are limestone exclusive.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=%25E7%25A7%258D%25E8%25B4%25A8%25E8%25B5%2584%25E6%25BA%2590&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+floritistic%5C+composition%2C%5C+characteristics%2C%5C+endemism%2C%5C+origin%5C+and%5C+evolution%5C+were%5C+studied%5C+on%5C+the%5C+base%5C+of%5C+literature%5C+checked%2C%5C+field%5C+investigation%2C%5C+specimens%5C+checked%5C+and%5C+previous%5C+research%5C+work.%5C+The%5C+main%5C+result%5C+are%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A%5C+1.%5C+Guishan%5C+Region%5C+is%5C+rich%5C+in%5C+seed%5C-plants.%5C+The%5C+Guishan%5C+Region%5C+flora%5C+consists%5C+of%5C+129%5C+families%5C+and%5C+488%5C+genera%5C+and%5C+1069%5C+species%5C+of%5C+which%5C+6%5C+species%5C+in%5C+5%5C+genera%5C+and%5C+3%5C+families%5C+belong%5C+to%5C+Gymnosperm%2C%5C+842%5C+species%5C+in%5C+381%5C+genera%5C+and%5C+100%5C+families%5C+belong%5C+to%5C+dicotyledon%2C%5C+421%5C+species%5C+in%5C+102%5C+genera%5C+and%5C+26%5C+families%5C+belong%5C+to%5C+monocotyledon.2.%5C+Flora%5C+Composition%5C%3A%5C+The%5C+floristic%5C+elements%5C+of%5C+62.02%25%5C+tropical%5C+families%5C+and%5C+37.98%25%5C+temperate%5C+one%5C+indicates%5C+that%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+of%5C+this%5C+region%5C+has%5C+a%5C+close%5C+relationship%5C+with%5C+tropical%5C+flora%5C+historically%5C+and%5C+geographically.%5C+The%5C+floristic%5C+elements%5C+of%5C+44.68%25%5C+tropical%5C+genera%5C+and%5C+52.96%25%5C+temperate%5C+one%5C+reveals%5C+dominant%5C+temperate%5C+property%2C%5C+which%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+typical%5C+floristic%5C+characters%5C+in%5C+subtropical%5C+mountain%5C+region%5C%3B%5C+the%5C+floristic%5C+elements%5C+of%5C+53.83%25%5C+tropical%5C+species%5C%28excluding%5C+species%5C+which%5C+are%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+china%5C+and%5C+distribute%5C+world%5C-wide%5C+%5C%29%2C%5C+46.17%25%5C+temperate%5C+ones%5C+indicates%5C+that%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+is%5C+subtropical%5C+in%5C+nature.%5C+433%5C+species%5C+are%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+China%5C+%2C43.96%25%5C+of%5C+all%5C+the%5C+species%5C+%5C%28excluding%5C+the%5C+%5C+species%5C+world%5C-wide%5C%29.Very%5C+few%5C+species%5C+%5C%2844%5C+species%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+China%5C+accounted%5C+for%5C+10.16%25%5C%29%5C+distribute%5C+to%5C+the%5C+North%2C%5C+most%5C+of%5C+which%5C+distribute%5C+only%5C+to%5C+Shanxi%2C%5C+Henan%2C%5C+Gansu%5C+Province.%2C%5C+indicating%5C+weak%5C+feature%5C+of%5C+temperate%5C+flora%5C+of%5C+Guishan%5C+region%5C+in%5C+nature.%5C+Statistical%5C+analysis%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+%5C+indicates%5C+that%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+of%5C+this%5C+region%5C+has%5C+a%5C+close%5C+relationship%5C+with%5C+tropical%5C+flora%5C+historically%5C+and%5C+geographically%2C%5C+shows%5C+transitional%5C+features%5C+in%5C+flora%5C+between%5C+tropical%5C+to%5C+temperate%5C+flora..%5C+3.%5C+By%5C+the%5C+comparison%5C+with%5C+five%5C+adjacent%5C+limestone%5C+and%5C+non%5C-limestone%5C+flora%5C+on%5C+the%5C+level%5C+of%5C+family%5C+and%5C+genus%2C%5C+we%5C+found%5C+that%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+of%5C+Guishan%5C+Region%5C+is%5C+most%5C+closely%5C+related%5C+to%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+of%5C+Shishan%5C+Mountain%5C+and%5C+Xiaobaicaoling%5C+and%5C+Wuliang%5C+Mountain%5C+all%5C+of%5C+which%5C+situate%5C+in%5C+Central%5C+Yunnan.%5C+So%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+position%5C+of%5C+Guishan%5C+Region%5C+is%5C%3A%5C+Central%5C+Yunnan%5C+Plaetau%5C+Subregion%2C%5C+the%5C+Yunnan%5C+Plaetau%5C+Region%2C%5C+the%5C+Sino%5C-Himalayan%5C+forest%5C+Subkingdom%2C%5C+the%5C+east%5C+Asiatic%5C+Kingdom.4.%5C+The%5C+endemic%5C+plants%5C+in%5C+Guishan%5C+Region%5C+are%5C+rich%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+flora%5C+of%5C+Guishan%5C+Region%5C+shows%5C+limestone%5C+features.%5C+10%5C+genera%5C+are%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+China%2C%5C+433%5C+species%5C+are%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+China.%5C+Among%5C+the%5C+Chineses%5C+endemic%5C+plants%2C%5C+1%5C+genes%5C+and%5C+7%5C+species%5C+are%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+Guishan%5C+Region%5C+in%5C+which%5C+1%5C+genes%5C%28Parasiometrum%5C%29%5C+and%5C+3%5C+species%5C+%5C%28Begonia%5C+guishanensis%2C%5C+Petrocosmea%5C+guishanensis%2C%5C+Parasiometrum%5C+mileens%5C%29%5C+are%5C+limestone%5C+exclusive."},{"jsname":"The membrane system of cell performs many important functions, such as separates cells from the environment, keeps the biochemical reactions in order ect.. The integrity of membrane is very important for plants to survive, especially under the environmental stress. Among all environmental factors, temperature has the closest relationship with membrane and intensively study on this area has been reported. Most researches are mainly focused on the relationship between the composition of fatty acid about membrane and low temperature, while that with high temperature are rare. Nowadays, the increasing concentration of CO2 resulted in increasing temperature and high temperature has become an important inhibition to crop productivity. Thus, it’s necessary and emergent to study the relationship between membrane lipids and high temperature.In the present dissertation, Arabidopsis and its high temperature sensitive mutant were chosen to study the relationship between membrane lipids and high temperature. The ESI-MS/MS was used to examine the composition of membrane lipids. High temperature includes two categories, one is heat stress and the other is moderate heat stress. Heat stress can be divided into two processes: with and without heat acclimation. Five results have been obtained grounding on these works. Firstly, different change models of membrane lipids during heat stress and moderate stress had been found. The degradation of membrane lipids during moderate heat stress was controlled, while that of heat stress was out of control. During moderate heat stress, the degradation mainly happened on chloroplast, such as DGDG and PG, especially those lipids which has polyunsaturated fatty acids. Under heat stress, the degradation about plasma membrane and chloroplast membrane shared same rates. Secondly, the degradation of membrane lipids was reduced when plants had experienced heat acclimation before heat stress, and this change had nothing to do with accumulation of HSP101. The results suggested the acquired thermo-tolerance not only had related with HSP101, but also with membrane lipids. Thirdly, the amount of phosphatidic acid (PA) played an important role during heat stress. If the amount of PA rose to proper extent, it benefited the plants, while if it rose to high level, it destroyed the membrane structure. At last, the HSP101 mutant had higher ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/ saturated fatty acids than that of wild Arabidopsis under long term moderate heat stress. The dissertation also included other two parts: the drought-tolerance of Thellungiella halophila and the chemical structure and bioactivity of the second metabolites from endophytes, which were isolated from Trewia nudiflor. Thellungiella halophila shared the same characteristic with Arabidopsis in many aspects, such as dwarf phenotype, short life cycle, fertility and small genome. The research indicated that at cDNA level, they were also very similar. Besides these Thellungiella halophila was more tolerant to stress condition. The previous research about Thellungiella halophila mainly focused on the high-salinity stress, and the researches of drought stress were rare. In this dissertation we focused on the drought-resistance of Thellungiella halophila. Compare to Arabidopsis, Thellungiella halophila could keep water content in high level, more resist to ROS, good photosynthesis activity and keep the membrane system integrity under drought stress. It was interesting that the substances, which rose when Arabidopsis under stress, were at high level in normal Thellungiella halophila, such as: proline, ABA. The degradation of membrane lipids mainly happened on chloroplast membrane of Arabidopsis. In contrast, the membrane of Thellungiella halophila didn’t change. All these evidence indicated that Thellungiella halophila was more drought-tolerant than Arabidopsis. During the research about the chemical structure and bioactivity of the second metabolites from endophytes, which were isolated from Trewia nudiflor, we isolated 46 endophytes from different parts of plants . 34 species of them were selected for bioactivity test, and the bioactivity test show that 50% of them have some bioactivity. We also isolated 24 compounds from 6 endophytes, and 22 of them have been identified by spectra data, including: macrolides, azaphilones, anthraquinones, and steroids. 8 of them are novel compounds. Judging from results, we know the Trewia nudiflor is good resources to isolate endophytes and the endophytes are good resources to search for novel and bioactivity compounds.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=%25E7%25A7%258D%25E8%25B4%25A8%25E8%25B5%2584%25E6%25BA%2590&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+membrane%5C+system%5C+of%5C+cell%5C+performs%5C+many%5C+important%5C+functions%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+separates%5C+cells%5C+from%5C+the%5C+environment%2C%5C+keeps%5C+the%5C+biochemical%5C+reactions%5C+in%5C+order%5C+ect..%5C+The%5C+integrity%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+is%5C+very%5C+important%5C+for%5C+plants%5C+to%5C+survive%2C%5C+especially%5C+under%5C+the%5C+environmental%5C+stress.%5C+Among%5C+all%5C+environmental%5C+factors%2C%5C+temperature%5C+has%5C+the%5C+closest%5C+relationship%5C+with%5C+membrane%5C+and%5C+intensively%5C+study%5C+on%5C+this%5C+area%5C+has%5C+been%5C+reported.%5C+Most%5C+researches%5C+are%5C+mainly%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+the%5C+composition%5C+of%5C+fatty%5C+acid%5C+about%5C+membrane%5C+and%5C+low%5C+temperature%2C%5C+while%5C+that%5C+with%5C+high%5C+temperature%5C+are%5C+rare.%5C+Nowadays%2C%5C+the%5C+increasing%5C+concentration%5C+of%5C+CO2%5C+resulted%5C+in%5C+increasing%5C+temperature%5C+and%5C+high%5C+temperature%5C+has%5C+become%5C+an%5C+important%5C+inhibition%5C+to%5C+crop%5C+productivity.%5C+Thus%2C%5C+it%E2%80%99s%5C+necessary%5C+and%5C+emergent%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+and%5C+high%5C+temperature.In%5C+the%5C+present%5C+dissertation%2C%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+and%5C+its%5C+high%5C+temperature%5C+sensitive%5C+mutant%5C+were%5C+chosen%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+and%5C+high%5C+temperature.%5C+The%5C+ESI%5C-MS%5C%2FMS%5C+was%5C+used%5C+to%5C+examine%5C+the%5C+composition%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids.%5C+High%5C+temperature%5C+includes%5C+two%5C+categories%2C%5C+one%5C+is%5C+heat%5C+stress%5C+and%5C+the%5C+other%5C+is%5C+moderate%5C+heat%5C+stress.%5C+Heat%5C+stress%5C+can%5C+be%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+two%5C+processes%5C%3A%5C+with%5C+and%5C+without%5C+heat%5C+acclimation.%5C+Five%5C+results%5C+have%5C+been%5C+obtained%5C+grounding%5C+on%5C+these%5C+works.%5C+Firstly%2C%5C+different%5C+change%5C+models%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+during%5C+heat%5C+stress%5C+and%5C+moderate%5C+stress%5C+had%5C+been%5C+found.%5C+The%5C+degradation%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+during%5C+moderate%5C+heat%5C+stress%5C+was%5C+controlled%2C%5C+while%5C+that%5C+of%5C+heat%5C+stress%5C+was%5C+out%5C+of%5C+control.%5C+During%5C+moderate%5C+heat%5C+stress%2C%5C+the%5C+degradation%5C+mainly%5C+happened%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+DGDG%5C+and%5C+PG%2C%5C+especially%5C+those%5C+lipids%5C+which%5C+has%5C+polyunsaturated%5C+fatty%5C+acids.%5C+Under%5C+heat%5C+stress%2C%5C+the%5C+degradation%5C+about%5C+plasma%5C+membrane%5C+and%5C+chloroplast%5C+membrane%5C+shared%5C+same%5C+rates.%5C+Secondly%2C%5C+the%5C+degradation%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+was%5C+reduced%5C+when%5C+plants%5C+had%5C+experienced%5C+heat%5C+acclimation%5C+before%5C+heat%5C+stress%2C%5C+and%5C+this%5C+change%5C+had%5C+nothing%5C+to%5C+do%5C+with%5C+accumulation%5C+of%5C+HSP101.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+the%5C+acquired%5C+thermo%5C-tolerance%5C+not%5C+only%5C+had%5C+related%5C+with%5C+HSP101%2C%5C+but%5C+also%5C+with%5C+membrane%5C+lipids.%5C+Thirdly%2C%5C+the%5C+amount%5C+of%5C+phosphatidic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28PA%5C%29%5C+played%5C+an%5C+important%5C+role%5C+during%5C+heat%5C+stress.%5C+If%5C+the%5C+amount%5C+of%5C+PA%5C+rose%5C+to%5C+proper%5C+extent%2C%5C+it%5C+benefited%5C+the%5C+plants%2C%5C+while%5C+if%5C+it%5C+rose%5C+to%5C+high%5C+level%2C%5C+it%5C+destroyed%5C+the%5C+membrane%5C+structure.%5C+At%5C+last%2C%5C+the%5C+HSP101%5C+mutant%5C+had%5C+higher%5C+ratio%5C+of%5C+polyunsaturated%5C+fatty%5C+acids%5C%2F%5C+saturated%5C+fatty%5C+acids%5C+than%5C+that%5C+of%5C+wild%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+under%5C+long%5C+term%5C+moderate%5C+heat%5C+stress.%5C+The%5C+dissertation%5C+also%5C+included%5C+other%5C+two%5C+parts%5C%3A%5C+the%5C+drought%5C-tolerance%5C+of%5C+Thellungiella%5C+halophila%5C+and%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+structure%5C+and%5C+bioactivity%5C+of%5C+the%5C+second%5C+metabolites%5C+from%5C+endophytes%2C%5C+which%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+Trewia%5C+nudiflor.%5C+Thellungiella%5C+halophila%5C+shared%5C+the%5C+same%5C+characteristic%5C+with%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+in%5C+many%5C+aspects%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+dwarf%5C+phenotype%2C%5C+short%5C+life%5C+cycle%2C%5C+fertility%5C+and%5C+small%5C+genome.%5C+The%5C+research%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+at%5C+cDNA%5C+level%2C%5C+they%5C+were%5C+also%5C+very%5C+similar.%5C+Besides%5C+these%5C+Thellungiella%5C+halophila%5C+was%5C+more%5C+tolerant%5C+to%5C+stress%5C+condition.%5C+The%5C+previous%5C+research%5C+about%5C+Thellungiella%5C+halophila%5C+mainly%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+high%5C-salinity%5C+stress%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+researches%5C+of%5C+drought%5C+stress%5C+were%5C+rare.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+dissertation%5C+we%5C+focuse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origin center and diversity center of the genus Ligularia were considered to be central China and Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) of China, respectively. In this research, we studied the phylogeographic pattern of L. hodgsonii and L. tongolensis, which was distributed in the origin center and diversity center, respectively. We aimed to infer the evolutionary process of Ligularia species. 1. The phylogeography of L. hodgsonii,Here, we investigated the phylogeographic history of L. hodgsonii disjunctively distributed in China and Japan. Two hundred and eighty individuals were collected from 29 natural populations, 23 located in China and 6 in Japan. A total of 19 haplotypes were identified with the combination of three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences variations (trnQ-5’rps16, trnL-rpl32 and psbA-trnH). At the species level, a high level of haplotype diversity (Hd) and total genetic diversity (HT) was detected. However, the average intrapopulation diversity (HS) was very low. Consequently, the population differentiation(NST = 0.989, GST = 0.933 ) was pronounced with a significant phylogeographic structure (NST > GST, p < 0.01). At the regional level, Chinese and Japanese L. hodgsonii had a similar estimate of genetic diversity (China: Hd = 0.847, HT = 0.869; Japan: Hd = 0.766, HT = 0.867). Populations from China and Japan possess unique sets of haplotypes, and no haplotypes were shared between the regions. Furthermore, both the phyloegenetic and network analyses recovered the haplotypes of China and Japan as two distinct clades. Thus, we suggested the disjunct distribution of L. hodgsonii in China and Japan may present the climatic vicariant relicts of the ancient widely distributed populations. After divergence, this species within each region experienced independent evolutionary process. In China, L. hodgsonii was distributed around the Sichuan Basin. This distribution range can be divided into five regions. They were Jiajin Mountain region, E’mei Mountain region, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, Wushan-Wuling Mountain region and Qinling Mountain region. Twelve haplotypes were indentified within these regions. Each region had its own specific haplotypes, which had different ancestry in the network. We deduced that Chinese L. hodgsonii might survive the LGM in multiple isolated refugia around the Sichuan Basin. In Japan, L. hodgsonii was disjunctively distributed in northern Honshu and Hokkaido. Seven haplotypes were identified within this region. However, the genetic diversity in Honshu (Hd = 0.821) was much higher than that in Hokkaido (Hd = 0.513). And all haplotypes in Hokkaido were derived from Honshu. This haplotype distribution suggested that the northern Honshu could have served as refuge in Japan. Nested clade analysis (NCA) indicated multiple forces including the vicariance and long-distance dispersal affected the disjunctive distribution among populations of L. hodgsonii in Japan.2. The phylogeography of L. tongolensis,Ligularia tongolensis was distributed along the Jinshajiang watershed, Yalongjiang watershed and Wumeng Mountain. In order to deduce the demographic history of this species, we sequenced two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic spacers (trnQ-5’rps16, trnL-rpl32) in 140 individuals from 14 populations of three groups (Jinshajiang vs. Yalongjiang vs. Wumeng) within this species range. High levels of haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.814) and total genetic diversity (HT = 0.862) were detected at the species level, based on a total oftwelve haplotypes identified. However, the intrapopulation diversity (HS = 0.349) was low, which led to the high levels of genetic divergence (GST = 0.595, NST = 0.614, FST = 0.597). In consideration of the speciation of L. tongolensis resulting from the uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), we thought the present genetic structure of L. tongolensis was shaped by the fragmentation of ancestral populations during the courses of QTP uplifts. This was further supported by the absence of IBD tests (r = –0.291, p = 0.964), which suggest that the differentiation had not occurred in accordance with the isolation by distance model. The genetic differentiation in L. tongolensis appears to be associated with historical events. Meanwhile, H2 and H5, the dominant haplotypes that located on internal nodes and deviated from extinct ancestral haplotype in the network, were detected to be shared between Jinshajiang and Yalongjiang groups. We deduced that ancestral populations of this species might have had a continuous distribution range, which was then fragmented and isolated by the following tectonic events. Finally, the ancestral polymorphism, H2 and H5, were randomly allocated in Jinshajiang watershed and Yalongjiang watershed. Meanwhile, H5 was the dominant haplotype in Jinshajiang watershed; H7 was the domiant haplotype in Yalongjiang watershed and Wumeng Mountain. This haplotype distribution pattern indicated that each group might have served as a refuge for L. tongolensis during the Quaternary Glaciation. Postglacial demographic expansion was supported by unimodal mismatch distribution and star-like phylogenies, with expansion ages of 274 ka B. P. for this 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thesis deals with the research work on the chemical constituents of Camellia taliensis, Camellia pachyandra, Camellia oleifera, Metapanax delavayi , Pu-er tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) and one of the dominant microorganisms in the post-fermentation of Pu-er tea, Aspergillus japonicus var. japonicus through the systematic phytochemical methods. By the modern techniques of chromatography, spectroscopy along with chemical degradation methods, 107 compounds were isolated and identified by MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra along with other spectroscopic method along with chemical degradation. The compounds include hydrolysable tannins, flavan-3ols, flavonoid glycosides, triterpene glycosides, simple phenolics and so on, most of which were evaluated by antioxidant or anti-viral activities. Meantime, the HPLC analytical methods were applied to compare the chemical constituents of C. taliensis and C. pachyandra with with those of the cultivated tea, C. sinensis var. assamica. Above all, the detection methods were established for the analysis of tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, caffeine and the main polyphenolic constituents in tea. And finally, the progress of the research work on Pu-er tea was reviewed.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=%25E7%25A7%258D%25E8%25B4%25A8%25E8%25B5%2584%25E6%25BA%2590&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThis%5C+thesis%5C+deals%5C+with%5C+the%5C+research%5C+work%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+Camellia%5C+taliensis%2C%5C+Camellia%5C+pachyandra%2C%5C+Camellia%5C+oleifera%2C%5C+Metapanax%5C+delavayi%5C+%2C%5C+Pu%5C-er%5C+tea%5C+%5C%28Camellia%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica%5C%29%5C+and%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+dominant%5C+microorganisms%5C+in%5C+the%5C+post%5C-fermentation%5C+of%5C+Pu%5C-er%5C+tea%2C%5C+Aspergillus%5C+japonicus%5C+var.%5C+japonicus%5C+through%5C+the%5C+systematic%5C+phytochemical%5C+methods.%5C+By%5C+the%5C+modern%5C+techniques%5C+of%5C+chromatography%2C%5C+spectroscopy%5C+along%5C+with%5C+chemical%5C+degradation%5C+methods%2C%5C+107%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+by%5C+MS%2C%5C+1D%5C+and%5C+2D%5C+NMR%5C+spectra%5C+along%5C+with%5C+other%5C+spectroscopic%5C+method%5C+along%5C+with%5C+chemical%5C+degradation.%5C+The%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+hydrolysable%5C+tannins%2C%5C+flavan%5C-3ols%2C%5C+flavonoid%5C+glycosides%2C%5C+triterpene%5C+glycosides%2C%5C+simple%5C+phenolics%5C+and%5C+so%5C+on%2C%5C+most%5C+of%5C+which%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+by%5C+antioxidant%5C+or%5C+anti%5C-viral%5C+activities.%5C+Meantime%2C%5C+the%5C+HPLC%5C+analytical%5C+methods%5C+were%5C+applied%5C+to%5C+compare%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+pachyandra%5C+with%5C+with%5C+those%5C+of%5C+the%5C+cultivated%5C+tea%2C%5C+C.%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica.%5C+Above%5C+all%2C%5C+the%5C+detection%5C+methods%5C+were%5C+established%5C+for%5C+the%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+tea%5C+polyphenols%2C%5C+tea%5C+polysaccharides%2C%5C+caffeine%5C+and%5C+the%5C+main%5C+polyphenolic%5C+constituents%5C+in%5C+tea.%5C+And%5C+finally%2C%5C+the%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+the%5C+research%5C+work%5C+on%5C+Pu%5C-er%5C+tea%5C+was%5C+reviewed."},{"jsname":"Transposable elements (TEs) have been found to be a significant fraction of eukaryotic genomes. Moreover, they make great contributions to the structure, function and evolution of genomes as well as genes. However, some questions such as the mechanisms of retainment of TEs in the genome and their adaptive evolution have not been fully elucidated so far. In this study, the distributions of 17 TE-gene associations among Oryza species were investigated. In addition, the nucleotide diversity was analysed and neutral tests for the region flanking the TE insertions were performed. Based on the above-observed patterns, evolutionary relationships between species in the AA genome group were discussed. The main results are as follows: For each TE-gene association, PCR and electrophoresis were conducted for a total of 107 strains, belonging to different Oryza species. The patterns of each TE-gene association in different species were obtained. It is our finding that 2 associations distribute through all Oryza species. By contrast, other 15 associations were only observed in some Oryza species. On basis of the above-mentioned results, it is likely that insertion events under study occurred in their common ancestor, and then they dispersed with subsequent divergence of different AA genome species. Our datas strongly support that O. meridionalis is the most basal lineage of AA genome group, instead of O. longistaminata.For several TE-gene associations fixed in populations of ancestor, the nucleotide diversity was estimated and neutral tests for the region flanking the TE insertions between populations with and without TE insertions were performed. No significant result was obtained. It is possible that the fixation of mutations with TE insetion is a random process; alternatively, this process is attributable to nature selection. 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保存国家战略生物资源的科学思考与举措
期刊论文
出版物, 3111, 页码: 1—6
Authors:
段子渊
;
黄宏文
;
刘杰
;
周桔
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Submit date:2017/07/19
顽拗性种子种质保存现象
期刊论文
出版物, 3111, 页码: 37-40
Authors:
陆旺金
;
傅家瑞
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顽拗性种子行为的基础
期刊论文
种子, 3111, 页码: 92-95
Authors:
金剑平
;
傅家瑞
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顽拗性种子2
期刊论文
出版物, 3111, 页码: 35
Authors:
王俊美
;
孙 燕
;
林青青
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Submit date:2017/07/19
干热河谷特色生态修复物种筛选与农林复合系统构建
学位论文
: 中国科学院大学, 2022
Authors:
赵高卷
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Submit date:2024/05/14
干热河谷,种质资源,农林复合系统,抗旱机制,生物固氮,乔灌草立体修复模式,生态恢复
dry-hot valley, germplasm resources, agroforestry system, drought resistance mechanism, biological nitrogen fixation, three-dimensional trees-shrubs-herbs restoration model, ecological restoration
极小种群野生植物显脉木兰的保护遗传学研究
学位论文
: 中国科学院大学, 2022
Authors:
杨丰懋
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保护遗传学,简化基因组,种群历史动态,极小种群野生植物,显脉木兰
Conservation genetics, RAD-seq, Demographic history, Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Magnolia fistulosa
黑珠芽薯蓣(Dioscorea melanophyma)营养价值评估及繁殖体系初探
学位论文
: 中国科学院大学, 2022
Authors:
陈直
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薯蓣,新型食品,珠芽,繁殖技术,寄生虫
Dioscoreaceae, Novel food, Bulbil, Propagation technology, Parasite
卷鞘鸢尾参考转录组的组装方法评估及应用
学位论文
: 中国科学院大学, 2022
Authors:
朱张士昌
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非模式生物,转录组测序,种质资源,鸢尾属,群体遗传
Non-Model Organism,RNA-Seq,Germplasm Resource,Iris,Population Genetics
荨麻族的分子系统发育、叶绿体基因组演化及其大蝎子草属 的物种界定研究
学位论文
: 中国科学院大学, 2022
Authors:
CATHERINE AKINYI OGOMA
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荨麻族,叶绿体结构进化,系统发育基因组学,基因组浅层测序,大蝎子草属, 物种界定,荨麻科
Urticeae, plastome structural evolution, phylogenomic, genome skimming, Girardinia, automated species delimitation, molecular taxonomy, Urticaceae.
亚洲热带木本竹类系统发育基因组学研究
学位论文
, 2020
Authors:
刘泾霞
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Submit date:2023/11/02