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中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
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6 could use lots of photosynthates, but contributed little to the accumulation of biomass. 4. Photosynthetic rate of P. armeniacum decreased a little at the noon, and the highest photosynthetic rate was observed at 10:00h in the greenhouse. The variation of photosynthetic rate was in the same trend as stomatal conductance. Higher relative humidity seemed to be the key for higher photosynthetic rate in P. armeniacum. 5. The photosynthetic capacity of C. flavum was statistically larger than that of P. armeniacum. The lower leaf photosynthetic capacity of P. armeniacum was related to its lower leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration and enzyme activities. Meanwhile, the extremely lower stomatal conductance and internal mesophyll conductance might greatly limit the photosynthetic capacity of P. armeniacum. The lower stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of Paphiopedilum might partially caused by the lack of chloroplasts in the guard cell of Paphiopedilum. Compared with C. flavum, P. armeniacum was more fond of shade environment.6. The short longevity leaf of Cypripedium had bigger photosynthetic capacity and greater potential for fast growth. But the longer LL of Paphiopedilum enhanced nutrient conservation which could compensate its lower photosynthetic capacity. The short longevity leaf of Cypripedium usually had higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf mass and dark respiration rate, and photosynthetic capacity decreased fast with leaf age. However, for Paphiopedilum, the situation was the opposite. 7. Compared with Cypripedium, Paphiopedilum had higher water use efficiency and lower photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. 8. The leaf of Paphiopedilum had higher leaf construction cost and longer repayment time than that of Cypripedium. The leaf structures and physiological functions of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium reflected the adaptation to their habitats. The leaf morphological and physiological evolution of Paphiopedilum was related to water and resource-conserving traits in the karst habitat. The leaf traits of Cypripedium were the adaptation to the environment rich in water and nutrients but easy to change with seasons.Our results provided evidence of divergent evolution of congeneric orchids under natural 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and Cypripedium，known as slipper orchids in horticulture, belong to the subfamily Cypripedioideae of the Orchidaceae. Although they are closely related phylogenetically, there are significant differences in leaf traits and geographical distributions between two genera. This dissertation includes the following sections: (1) the leaf functional traits were compared in six species of the two genera; (2) the physiological responses of P. armeniacum to different water regimes, light regimes and low temperature; (3) the leaf phenotypic plastics of C. flavum in response to the different light condition and the photosynthetic characteristics of three Cypripedium species during sexual reproduction. The aims are to understand the convergent and divergent evolution between the two genera in leaf traits and their adaptive significances, and the leaf plastic responses to different levels of resources. Such information could provide scientific basis for conservation and domestication of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium. The results are given below:1. Compared with Paphiopedilum, Cypripedium showed significantly higher photosynthetic rate (Pmax), leaf nitrogen content (Na), photosynthetic nitrogen utilization (PNUE), the fractions of leaf nitrogen partitioning in carboxylation (PC) and bioenergetics (PB), specific leaf area (SLA), ratio of leaf chlorophyll a and b (Chla/b), but significantly lower leaf construction cost (CC) and the ratio of leaf carbon content to leaf nitrogen (C/N). These leaf traits of Cypripedium are considered as the adaptation to short growing period and rich soil nutrients in the alpine habitats. Conversely, the long life span, low Pmax and mesophyll conductance (gm) but high SLA, CC and C/N in Paphiopedilum indicated that the adaptation to low-light, limited-nutrient habitat in the limestone area. As a sympatric species of Paphiopedilum, C. lentiginosum not only kept phylogenetically leaf traits of Cypripedium, suchas stomatal conductance (gs), Pmax, PNUE and dormant in winter, but also possessed many leaf traits which is similar to that in Paphiopedilum, such as relative stomatal limitations (RSL), gm, the ratio of leaf chlorophyll a and b (Chl a/b), fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to light-harvesting components (PL). These results indicated the convergent and divergent evolution of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium in leaf traits.2. Paphiopedilum. armeniacum exhibited a high plasticity of leaf photosynthetic function in response to different light regimes, but the responses changes with the time. Due to grow under low light habitat, P. armeniacum grown under 50% shade (HL) had the significantly lowest Pmax than the plants grown under 75% shade (ML) and 95% shade (LL) after six months. However, after twelve months, the Pmax of the plants grown under HL increased significantly and then became the highest one among three levels of light. It is also found that leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), leaf stomatal conductance (gS), internal mesophyll conductance (gm), the fraction of leaf nitrogen partitioning in photosynthetic carboxylation (PC), bioeneretics (PB) were greatly influenced by irradiance. The plants grown under HL increased gS, gm, PC, PB to increase Pmax. In addition, the plants grown under HL had the highest ratio of total chlorophyll content to total Carotenoid content (Car/Chl) while the plants grown under LL had the lowest ratio of leaf chlorophyll a and b (Chl a/b). As a result, plasticity of leaf photosynthetic physiology of P. armeniacum in response to different light regimes depended largely on leaf nitrogen partitioning and leaf structure. As for the numbers of flowering and fruiting, ML was the best light level.3. The responses of P. armeniacum to different water regimes were not significantly different. But the Pmax and the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) decreased with the increased frequency of watering. The reasons were that the plants have high respiration rate (Rd) and make more use of light energy to oxidation cycle. The plants watered every eight days (MW) and every twenty days (LW) had higher Pmax than the plant watered every four days (HW) mainly because of the higher PC and PB. Besides, the leaves of P. armeniacum had excellent property for holding water also contributed to the high photosynthetic capacity.4. Paphiopedilum. armeniacum was very sensitive to the low temperature. The plants significantly decreased photosynthetic capacity after grown under 4℃ for three days and the photosynthetic machinery was destroyed after fifteen days. The photosynthetic capacity of P. armeniacum exhibited no change at 10℃ and 15℃.5. Cypripedium flavum of four habitats (DB, XRD, XZD and TSQ) with different light intensity exhibited different photosynthetic characteristics after transplanted to the same environment in Kunming. Among the habitats, the light intensity of DB was the highest while XRD was the lowest. The light intensity of XZD and TSQ were not significantly difference. Among all the plants in Kunming, the plants of DB had the significantly highest Pmax but the plants of XRD had the lowest Pmax. The light saturation point (LSP) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) agreed well with the light intensity of four habitats and contributed to the high Pmax of DB. The LMA, Chl and leaf nitrogen content were not different among all the plants. C. flavum exhibited sensitively response to the change of light in leaf construction while kept the plasticity of leaf photosynthetic characteristics which developed from its own habitat.6. The photosynthetic capacity of C. tibeticum and C. flavum were significantly increased at the flowering stage. For these two species, the significantly increased Amax were closely related to the maximum carboxylation rate by ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Vcmax), photon saturated rate of electron transport (Jmax), the rate of triose phosphate utilization (TPU) and actual quantum efficiency of the photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII) respectively. However, flowering almost did not affect the photosynthetic capacity of C. guttatum. C. guttatum had the smallest plant size, the leaf area, the volume of labellum and the volume of fruit, but the biggest fruit volume per leaf area among three species. These results indicated that for C. flavum and C. tibeticum there were a physiological mechanism in photosynthesis to compensate the cost of flowering as well as increased resource acquisitions, which would be beneficial to the survival or future flowering of the plant. C. gutattum could keep a steady photosynthetic capacity during life history. This kind of pattern could decrease the effect of the reproductive costs as much as possible. In contrast to C. flavum and C. tibeticum, C. gutattum possessed a more economical and effective reproductive pattern which maybe related to its wider distribution.In conclusion, Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium have significantly different leaf traits which agree well with their habitats and there is a divergent and convergent evolution between the two genera. P. armeniacum is much tolerant and responsive to varying water and light availability but very sensitivity to the low temperature. Confronting the suddenly change of light environment, C. flavum can respond sensitively to the change of light in leaf construction but the plasticity of leaf photosynthetic characteristics which developed from its own habitat can hold for the next growing season. In contrast to C. flavum and C. tibeticum, C. gutattum possesses a more economical and effective reproductive pattern which maybe related to its wider distribution. The study of the relationship between the two genera, the response and tolerance to the environmental factors of the two genera are important for understanding the adaptation and evolution of the 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of International Cooperation and Exchanges, NSFC[41661144001]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Alpine%2BEvergreen%2BSpecies&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AProjects%5C+of%5C+International%5C+Cooperation%5C+and%5C+Exchanges%2C%5C+NSFC%5C%5B41661144001%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Provincial Innovation Group for Farmland Non-pollution Production, Yunnan Agricultural University[2017HC015]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Alpine%2BEvergreen%2BSpecies&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AProvincial%5C+Innovation%5C+Group%5C+for%5C+Farmland%5C+Non%5C-pollution%5C+Production%2C%5C+Yunnan%5C+Agricultural%5C+University%5C%5B2017HC015%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Science and Technology Research Program of Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences[KIB2016005]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Alpine%2BEvergreen%2BSpecies&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AScience%5C+and%5C+Technology%5C+Research%5C+Program%5C+of%5C+Kunming%5C+Institute%5C+of%5C+Botany%2C%5C+the%5C+Chinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences%5C%5BKIB2016005%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"The relationship between leaf physiognomy and climate is widely used to reconstruct paleoclimates of Cenozoic floras. Previous works demonstrate that LMA show regional constraints. Until now, no equation has been set up directly from Chinese forests. This relationship is exhaustively studied based on 50 samples from mesic to humid forests across China. Models including Leaf Margin Analysis (LMA), Single Linear regression for Precipitation, and Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP), are set up and used to quantitatively reconstruct paleoclimates of Chinese Neogene floras. Meanwhile, a paleoflora, i.e., Yangjie flora, which belongs to the Upper Pliocene Sanying formation in West Yunnan Province, is studied. The species assemblage, paleoclimate and paleoecology of Yangjie flora are discussed. Conclusions in this dissertation are as following: 1. Chinese leaf physiognomy-climate models based on regression analyses，LMA is a widely used method that applies present-day linear correlation between the proportion of woody dicotyledonous species with untoothed leaves (P) and mean annual temperature (MAT) to estimate paleotemperatures from fossil leaf floras. The Chinese data indicate that P shows a strong linear correlation with MAT, but the actual relationship is slightly different from those recognized from other regions. Among all currently used LMA equations, the one resulting from North and Central American and Japanese data, rather than the widely used East Asian LMA equation, yields the closest values to the actual MATs of the Chinese samples (mean absolute error = 1.9°C). A new equation derived from the Chinese forests is therefore developed, where MAT = 1.038 + 27.6 × P. This study not only demonstrates the similarity of the relationship between P and MAT in the Northern Hemisphere, but also improves the reliability of LMA for paleoclimate reconstructions of Chinese paleofloras. Besides, regression analyses are used to explore the relationship between leaf physiognomy and precipitation. In contrast to former studies, entire leaf margin shows the highest correlation with the Growing Season Precipitation (GSP). A new equation is proposed: GSP = 228.0 + 1707.0 × P. 2. The new calibrated CLAMP dataset – PHYSGCHINA，CLAMP, which is based on canonical correspondence analysis, is improved by the inclusion of 50 Chinese samples. The result indicates that, new calibrated data from 50 Chinese sample sites are situated away from the former 144 samples in the physiognomic space, which may be caused by the unique characters of leaf physiognomy under monsoon condition. Therefore, a new calibrated CLAMP dataset, i.e., PHYSGCHINA, is set up based on 50 new Chinese samples, and 144 former samples from PHYSG3BRC. This new dataset could improve the accuracy of paleoclimate reconstructions for floras under the monsoon climate condition. When it is applied to Chinese Neogene floras, PHYSGCHINA could improve the accuracy of paleoclimate parameters, especially parameters related to precipitation. 3. Paleoclimate reconstructions of Chinese Cenozoic floras，Paleoclimates of Chinese Cenozoic floras are reconstructed using leaf physiognomy- climate models being set up in this study. The Chinese paleoclimate history in Eocene is similar to the trend from worldwide record. That is, hot climate presented in early Eocene and early Middle Eocene, and then, climate cooled down from late Middle Eocene to Late Eocene in China. Moreover, paleoclimates of two Late Miocene floras from Yunnan province, i.e., Xiaolongtan flora and Bangmai flora, are reconstructed using different models. The results indicate that, temperature of Yunnan is slightly higher than that in nowadays, but the precipitation is much higher than that at present day, which may be caused by the uplift of Hengduan Mountain. 4. Late Pliocene Yangjie flora in West Yunnan Province, China，A Late Pliocene Yangjie flora form Yongping County, western Yunnan province, which belongs to Sanying formation, is studied in this dissertation. Yangjie flora is dominated by Quercus sect. Heterobalanus (Oerst.) Menits. (evergreen sclerophyllous oaks), and this forest type is quite common in SW China at present. The discovery of Yangjie flora provides evidence that, vegetations of Yunnan in Miocene were dominated by evergreen forests, and the dominant families were Fabaceae, Fagaceae and Lauraceae. In Pliocene, this vegetation type changed gradually to evergreen sclerophyllous oak forests. This vegetation change may have been caused by the uplift of Hengduan Mountain in Neogene. A polypodiaceous fern, Drynaria callispora sp. nov., is described from the upper Pliocene Sanying Formation in western Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The species with well-preserved pinnae and in situ spores is the first convincing Drynaria fossil record. Detailed morphological investigation reveals that D. callispora is characterized by 1) pinnatifid fronds with entire-margined pinnae having straight or zigzag secondary veins; 2) finer venation showing void quadrangular areoles, but occasionally with one unbranched veinlet; 3) one row of circular sori on each side of the strong primary vein; and 4) in situ spores with verrucate exospores elliptical in polar view and bean-shaped in equatorial view. A morphological comparison shows that D. callispora is significantly different from all the fossil species previously identified as drynarioids. A phylogenetic analysis of D. callispora supports that the fossil is closely related to D. sinica Diels and D. mollis Bedd., two extant species distributing in the Himalayas. The discovery of the new fern indicates that the genus Drynaria became diversified in its modern distribution region no later than the late Pliocene and had retained the similar ecology to that of many modern drynarioid ferns ever since. 5. Paleoclimate reconstruction of Yangjie flora，LMA, Single Linear Regression for Precipitation and PHYSGCHINA are applied to reconstruct paleoclimate of Yangjie flora. MAT calculated by LMA and CLAMP is 22.0 ± 2.4°C and 20.0 ± 1.4°C, respectively, and GSP calculated by Single Linear Regression for Precipitation and PHYSGCHINA is 1521.9 ± 131.3 mm and 2084.7 ± 223.1 mm, respectively All methods agree that, both temperature and precipitation were higher in Late Pliocene than in nowadays. Meanwhile, precipitation parameters calculated by CLAMP gets high values. 6. Preliminary study of insect herbivory in Yangjie flora，Insect herbivory on leaves of Quercus preguyavaefolia Tao and Q. presenescens Zhou, two dominant species in Yangjie flora, is reported by the preliminary research. Each of these two species has a high diversity of insect damage. Among all damage types, margin feeding and surface feeding are most common, and skeletonization, piercing and sucking, and galling are less found. Most of these damage types belonge to the high host specialization (HS = 1). However, the proportion of leaves without insect damage in Q. presenescens is much higher than that in Q. preguyavaefolia. According to the log-log linear regression model, both Quercus preguyavaefolia and Q. presenescens have very high leaf mass per area (with 184.8 ± 6.7 g/m2 and 155.3 ± 10.7 g/m2, respectively). The high diversity of insect herbivory demonstrates a warm climate in the Late Pliocene of West Yunnan 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doichangensis is an endangered plant. In this paper, the megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte, seed morphological traits and seed germination, seed conservation, micropropagation and acclimatization of this species were studied. Combined with the published results of cytology, molecular genetics and other researches,the mechanisms of extinction, basic biology and technology of germplasm conservation and acclimatization of T. doichangensis were discussed. The main results are summarized as follows:1. Megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte，Stamens exist under the stigma of T. doichangensis, and the pollen is aborted on the later development stage of pistil, therefore, the pistillate flower in function is hermaphrodite flower in morphology. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate. The primary archesporium is hypodermal and single-celled and the sporogenous cell of the nucellus functions directly as a megaspore mother cell which goes meiosis to form a linear tetrad. The chalazal megaspore of the tetrad is functional. The development of embryo sac conforms to the polygonum type. There are six ovules in the ovary of T. doichangensis, and only one develops into a seed in normal fruits. In the process of megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte, there are several links of abortion, and 93.3% of mature embryo sacs is aborted.2. Morphological characters and germination of seeds，Most of the variation occurred among individual trees within populations in seed morphological traits (length, width and 1000-seed weight) and germination-related indices (germination percentage, germination index and vigor index). In addition, the variation in percentage of well-developed seeds among populations and among individual trees within populations is equal, each accounting for 48%. Each of seed morphological traits has significantly positive correlation with each other (p < 0.01), but they have no significant correlation with percentage of well-developed seeds and germination-related indices. In the same batch of seeds of T. doichangensis, there are light-colored and dark-colored seed coats, and development of light-colored seeds is significantly poorer than that of dark-colored seeds.The sensitivity of seeds to high temperature varys in different stages of seed imbibition. In each stage, heat acclimatization don’t increase germination percentage, germination index and fresh weight of seedlings. If the distilled water is substituted by solution of SA during seed imbibition, seed germination and germination index after heat shock are not significantly different from control, but they are significantly higher than that of other treatments. Moreover, when the seeds are treatmented with SA, the fresh weight of seedlings is significantly higher than that of control and other treatments.3. Seed conservation，Seeds of T. doichangensis belong to orthodox seeds which can tolerate certain level of dehydration. The condition of low temperature and low water content of seeds is conducive to seed conservation.Germination of fresh seeds shows significant variation among populations, howerer, germination of the seeds after storage for one year in room temperature shows no significant variation among populations.High temperature and high relative humidity damages the seeds more severely than high temperature does. In addition, low water content of seeds enable the seeds to be more tolerant to high temperature.The electrical conductivity, dehydrogenase activity and germination percentage have no significant correlation with each other.4. Micropropagation and in vitro conservation，Cotyledonary nodes are a kind of efficient explants. Low salt media are conducive to shoot propagation and root induction.The maximum multiplication rate (20-25 shoots/explant within 4 months) is achieved on quarter-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/4 MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg·L-1 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and 0.05 mg·L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).Rooting is promoted by auxins, however, IBA alone or low concentrations of NAA are preferable due to small amount of callus induced. The research has established an efficient protocol for micropropagation of T. doichangensis, and it provides technology support for in vitro conservation of special germplasm of the species.5. Acclimatization，Quercus variabilis, Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides and T. doichangensis belong to the family of Fagaceae, and the natural distribution ranges of the 3 species are decreasing in turn. The research suggests that the ranges of temperature tolerance of the 3 species are decreasing corresponding to their distribution ranges.The high and low semi-lethal temperature of one-year old T. doichangensis is 49.5℃ and -5℃ respectively. It suggests that T. doichangensis has a wide range of basic temperature tolerance. Short-term heat and cold acclimatization cannot expand the range of temperature tolerance. It can be inferred that T. doichangensis may lack induced tolerance to temperature. Under proper conditions, ABA can increase the cold tolerance, and SA can increase the heat tolerance of leaf discs of T. doichangensis.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Alpine%2BEvergreen%2BSpecies&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ATrigonobalanus%5C+doichangensis%5C+is%5C+an%5C+endangered%5C+plant.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+paper%2C%5C+the%5C+megasporogenesis%5C+and%5C+development%5C+of%5C+female%5C+gametophyte%2C%5C+seed%5C+morphological%5C+traits%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+germination%2C%5C+seed%5C+conservation%2C%5C+micropropagation%5C+and%5C+acclimatization%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%5C+were%5C+studied.%5C+Combined%5C+with%5C+the%5C+published%5C+results%5C+of%5C+cytology%2C%5C+molecular%5C+genetics%5C+and%5C+other%5C+researches%2Cthe%5C+mechanisms%5C+of%5C+extinction%2C%5C+basic%5C+biology%5C+and%5C+technology%5C+of%5C+germplasm%5C+conservation%5C+and%5C+acclimatization%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%5C+were%5C+discussed.%5C+The%5C+main%5C+results%5C+are%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A1.%5C+Megasporogenesis%5C+and%5C+development%5C+of%5C+female%5C+gametophyte%EF%BC%8CStamens%5C+exist%5C+under%5C+the%5C+stigma%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+pollen%5C+is%5C+aborted%5C+on%5C+the%5C+later%5C+development%5C+stage%5C+of%5C+pistil%2C%5C+therefore%2C%5C+the%5C+pistillate%5C+flower%5C+in%5C+function%5C+is%5C+hermaphrodite%5C+flower%5C+in%5C+morphology.%5C+The%5C+ovule%5C+is%5C+anatropous%2C%5C+bitegmic%5C+and%5C+crassinucellate.%5C+The%5C+primary%5C+archesporium%5C+is%5C+hypodermal%5C+and%5C+single%5C-celled%5C+and%5C+the%5C+sporogenous%5C+cell%5C+of%5C+the%5C+nucellus%5C+functions%5C+directly%5C+as%5C+a%5C+megaspore%5C+mother%5C+cell%5C+which%5C+goes%5C+meiosis%5C+to%5C+form%5C+a%5C+linear%5C+tetrad.%5C+The%5C+chalazal%5C+megaspore%5C+of%5C+the%5C+tetrad%5C+is%5C+functional.%5C+The%5C+development%5C+of%5C+embryo%5C+sac%5C+conforms%5C+to%5C+the%5C+polygonum%5C+type.%5C+There%5C+are%5C+six%5C+ovules%5C+in%5C+the%5C+ovary%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%2C%5C+and%5C+only%5C+one%5C+develops%5C+into%5C+a%5C+seed%5C+in%5C+normal%5C+fruits.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+process%5C+of%5C+megasporogenesis%5C+and%5C+development%5C+of%5C+female%5C+gametophyte%2C%5C+there%5C+are%5C+several%5C+links%5C+of%5C+abortion%2C%5C+and%5C+93.3%25%5C+of%5C+mature%5C+embryo%5C+sacs%5C+is%5C+aborted.2.%5C+Morphological%5C+characters%5C+and%5C+germination%5C+of%5C+seeds%EF%BC%8CMost%5C+of%5C+the%5C+variation%5C+occurred%5C+among%5C+individual%5C+trees%5C+within%5C+populations%5C+in%5C+seed%5C+morphological%5C+traits%5C+%5C%28length%2C%5C+width%5C+and%5C+1000%5C-seed%5C+weight%5C%29%5C+and%5C+germination%5C-related%5C+indices%5C+%5C%28germination%5C+percentage%2C%5C+germination%5C+index%5C+and%5C+vigor%5C+index%5C%29.%5C+In%5C+addition%2C%5C+the%5C+variation%5C+in%5C+percentage%5C+of%5C+well%5C-developed%5C+seeds%5C+among%5C+populations%5C+and%5C+among%5C+individual%5C+trees%5C+within%5C+populations%5C+is%5C+equal%2C%5C+each%5C+accounting%5C+for%5C+48%25.%5C+Each%5C+of%5C+seed%5C+morphological%5C+traits%5C+has%5C+significantly%5C+positive%5C+correlation%5C+with%5C+each%5C+other%5C+%5C%28p%5C+%3C%5C+0.01%5C%29%2C%5C+but%5C+they%5C+have%5C+no%5C+significant%5C+correlation%5C+with%5C+percentage%5C+of%5C+well%5C-developed%5C+seeds%5C+and%5C+germination%5C-related%5C+indices.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+same%5C+batch%5C+of%5C+seeds%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%2C%5C+there%5C+are%5C+light%5C-colored%5C+and%5C+dark%5C-colored%5C+seed%5C+coats%2C%5C+and%5C+development%5C+of%5C+light%5C-colored%5C+seeds%5C+is%5C+significantly%5C+poorer%5C+than%5C+that%5C+of%5C+dark%5C-colored%5C+seeds.The%5C+sensitivity%5C+of%5C+seeds%5C+to%5C+high%5C+temperature%5C+varys%5C+in%5C+different%5C+stages%5C+of%5C+seed%5C+imbibition.%5C+In%5C+each%5C+stage%2C%5C+heat%5C+acclimatization%5C+don%E2%80%99t%5C+increase%5C+germination%5C+percentage%2C%5C+germination%5C+index%5C+and%5C+fresh%5C+weight%5C+of%5C+seedlings.%5C+If%5C+the%5C+distilled%5C+water%5C+is%5C+substituted%5C+by%5C+solution%5C+of%5C+SA%5C+during%5C+seed%5C+imbibition%2C%5C+seed%5C+germination%5C+and%5C+germination%5C+index%5C+after%5C+heat%5C+shock%5C+are%5C+not%5C+significantly%5C+different%5C+from%5C+control%2C%5C+but%5C+they%5C+are%5C+significantly%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+that%5C+of%5C+other%5C+treatments.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+when%5C+the%5C+seeds%5C+are%5C+treatmented%5C+with%5C+SA%2C%5C+the%5C+fresh%5C+weight%5C+of%5C+seedlings%5C+is%5C+significantly%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+that%5C+of%5C+control%5C+and%5C+other%5C+treatments.3.%5C+Seed%5C+conservation%EF%BC%8CSeeds%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%5C+belong%5C+to%5C+orthodox%5C+seeds%5C+which%5C+can%5C+tolerate%5C+certain%5C+level%5C+of%5C+dehydration.%5C+The%5C+condition%5C+of%5C+low%5C+temperature%5C+and%5C+low%5C+water%5C+content%5C+of%5C+seeds%5C+is%5C+conducive%5C+to%5C+seed%5C+conservation.Germination%5C+of%5C+fresh%5C+seeds%5C+shows%5C+significant%5C+variation%5C+among%5C+populations%2C%5C+howerer%2C%5C+germination%5C+of%5C+the%5C+seeds%5C+after%5C+storage%5C+for%5C+one%5C+year%5C+in%5C+room%5C+temperature%5C+shows%5C+no%5C+significant%5C+variation%5C+among%5C+populations.High%5C+temperature%5C+and%5C+high%5C+relative%5C+humidity%5C+damages%5C+the%5C+seeds%5C+more%5C+severely%5C+than%5C+high%5C+temperature%5C+does.%5C+In%5C+addition%2C%5C+low%5C+water%5C+content%5C+of%5C+seeds%5C+enable%5C+the%5C+seeds%5C+to%5C+be%5C+more%5C+tolerant%5C+to%5C+high%5C+temperature.The%5C+electrical%5C+conductivity%2C%5C+dehydrogenase%5C+activity%5C+and%5C+germination%5C+percentage%5C+have%5C+no%5C+significant%5C+correlation%5C+with%5C+each%5C+other.4.%5C+Micropropagation%5C+and%5C+in%5C+vitro%5C+conservation%EF%BC%8CCotyledonary%5C+nodes%5C+are%5C+a%5C+kind%5C+of%5C+efficient%5C+explants.%5C+Low%5C+salt%5C+media%5C+are%5C+conducive%5C+to%5C+shoot%5C+propagation%5C+and%5C+root%5C+induction.The%5C+maximum%5C+multiplication%5C+rate%5C+%5C%2820%5C-25%5C+shoots%5C%2Fexplant%5C+within%5C+4%5C+months%5C%29%5C+is%5C+achieved%5C+on%5C+quarter%5C-strength%5C+Murashige%5C+and%5C+Skoog%5C+%5C%281%5C%2F4%5C+MS%5C%29%5C+medium%5C+supplemented%5C+with%5C+1%5C+mg%C2%B7L%5C-1%5C+6%5C-benzyladenine%5C+%5C%286%5C-BA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+0.05%5C+mg%C2%B7L%5C-1%5C+%CE%B1%5C-naphthaleneacetic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28NAA%5C%29.Rooting%5C+is%5C+promoted%5C+by%5C+auxins%2C%5C+however%2C%5C+IBA%5C+alone%5C+or%5C+low%5C+concentrations%5C+of%5C+NAA%5C+are%5C+preferable%5C+due%5C+to%5C+small%5C+amount%5C+of%5C+callus%5C+induced.%5C+The%5C+research%5C+has%5C+established%5C+an%5C+efficient%5C+protocol%5C+for%5C+micropropagation%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%2C%5C+and%5C+it%5C+provides%5C+technology%5C+support%5C+for%5C+in%5C+vitro%5C+conservation%5C+of%5C+special%5C+germplasm%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species.5.%5C+Acclimatization%EF%BC%8CQuercus%5C+variabilis%2C%5C+Cyclobalanopsis%5C+glaucoides%5C+and%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%5C+belong%5C+to%5C+the%5C+family%5C+of%5C+Fagaceae%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+natural%5C+distribution%5C+ranges%5C+of%5C+the%5C+3%5C+species%5C+are%5C+decreasing%5C+in%5C+turn.%5C+The%5C+research%5C+suggests%5C+that%5C+the%5C+ranges%5C+of%5C+temperature%5C+tolerance%5C+of%5C+the%5C+3%5C+species%5C+are%5C+decreasing%5C+corresponding%5C+to%5C+their%5C+distribution%5C+ranges.The%5C+high%5C+and%5C+low%5C+semi%5C-lethal%5C+temperature%5C+of%5C+one%5C-year%5C+old%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%5C+is%5C+49.5%E2%84%83%5C+and%5C+%5C-5%E2%84%83%5C+respectively.%5C+It%5C+suggests%5C+that%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%5C+has%5C+a%5C+wide%5C+range%5C+of%5C+basic%5C+temperature%5C+tolerance.%5C+Short%5C-term%5C+heat%5C+and%5C+cold%5C+acclimatization%5C+cannot%5C+expand%5C+the%5C+range%5C+of%5C+temperature%5C+tolerance.%5C+It%5C+can%5C+be%5C+inferred%5C+that%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis%5C+may%5C+lack%5C+induced%5C+tolerance%5C+to%5C+temperature.%5C+Under%5C+proper%5C+conditions%2C%5C+ABA%5C+can%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+cold%5C+tolerance%2C%5C+and%5C+SA%5C+can%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+heat%5C+tolerance%5C+of%5C+leaf%5C+discs%5C+of%5C+T.%5C+doichangensis."},{"jsname":"Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province[2015HB091]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Alpine%2BEvergreen%2BSpecies&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AYoung%5C+Academic%5C+and%5C+Technical%5C+Leader%5C+Raising%5C+Foundation%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%5C+Province%5C%5B2015HB091%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Yunnan Postdoctoral Science Foundation[Y732081261]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&rpp=10&accurate=false&advanced=false&sort_by=2&isNonaffiliated=false&search_type=-1&query1=Alpine%2BEvergreen%2BSpecies&order=desc&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AYunnan%5C+Postdoctoral%5C+Science%5C+Foundation%5C%5BY732081261%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-06-27"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
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Systematics and Biogeography of Aralia L. (Araliaceae):Revision of Aralia Sects. Aralia, Humiles, Nanae, andSciadodendron
期刊论文
出版物, 3111, 卷号: 57, 期号: 0, 页码: 1-172
作者:
Jun Wen
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提交时间：2017/07/24
Aralia
Aralia Sect. Aralia
Aralia Sect. Dimorphanthus
Aralia Sect. Humiles
Aralia Sect. Nanae
Aralia Sect. pentapanax
Aralia Sect. Sciadodendron
Biogeography
Araliaceae
Systematics
The Forest Filter Effect vs. Cold Trapping Effect on the AltitudinalDistribution of PCBs: A Case Study of Mt. Gongga, Eastern Tibetan Plateau
期刊论文
出版物, 3111, 期号: 0, 页码: 1-32
作者:
Xin Liu
;
Jun Li
;
Qian Zheng
;
Haijian Bing
;
Ruijie Zhang
;
Yan Wang
;
Chunling Luo
;
Xiang Liu
;
Yanhong Wu
;
Suhong Pan
;
Gan Zhang
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提交时间：2017/07/24
工业用高低温测试箱用于植物抗冻性检测初探及应用实例
学位论文
: 中国科学院大学, 2022
作者:
吴志超
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提交时间：2024/05/14
实验操作规范与流程，树木抗冻性检测，高低温测试箱，青藏高原横断山区，高山树线交错区
Detail instructions for freezing resistance examination., Freezing resistance of tree taxa, High and how temperature test chamber, Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains, Alpine treeline ecotone
系统发育在生物多样性保护中的应用-以高黎贡山北段为例
学位论文
, 2021
作者:
岳娟
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提交时间：2023/11/02
High-quality evergreen azalea genome reveals tandem duplication-facilitated low-altitude adaptability and floral scent evolution
期刊论文
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, 2021, 卷号: 19, 期号: 12, 页码: 2544-2560
作者:
Wang,Xiuyun
;
Gao,Yuan
;
Wu,Xiaopei
;
Wen,Xiaohui
;
Li,Danqing
;
Zhou,Hong
;
Li,Zheng
;
Liu,Bing
;
Wei,Jianfen
;
Chen,Fei
;
Chen,Feng
;
Zhang,Chengjun
;
Zhang,Liangsheng
;
Xia,Yiping
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提交时间：2022/04/02
Azalea
Rhododendron ovatum
altitude
adaptability
floral scent
terpene synthase (TPS)
tandem duplication
defence response
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS
TERPENE SYNTHASES
PLANT VOLATILES
SALICYLIC-ACID
JASMONIC ACID
WHOLE-GENOME
GENE
DIVERSITY
TOOL
TRANSCRIPTOME
Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot
期刊论文
PHYTOTAXA, 2021, 卷号: 523, 期号: 1, 页码: 1-31
作者:
Wijayawardene,Nalin N.
;
Dissanayake,Lakmali S.
;
Dai,Dong-Qi
;
Li,Qi-Rui
;
Xiao,Yuanpin
;
Wen,Ting-Chi
;
Karunarathna,Samantha C.
;
Wu,Hai-Xia
;
Zhang,Huang
;
Tibpromma,Saowaluck
;
Kang,Ji-Chuan
;
Wang,Yong
;
Shen,Xiang-Chun
;
Tang,Li-Zhou
;
Deng,Chun-Ying
;
Liu,Yanxia
;
Kang,Yingqian
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提交时间：2022/04/02
2 new species
polyphasic approach
six new records
species diversity
taxonomy
MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
SP-NOV
PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC GENUS
MULTIGENE PHYLOGENY
FUNGI
CORDYCEPS
GENERA
DIVERSITY
LINEAGES
Comprehensive Review of Tolypocladium and Description of a Novel Lineage from Southwest China
期刊论文
PATHOGENS, 2021, 卷号: 10, 期号: 11, 页码: 1389
作者:
Yu,Feng-Ming
;
Thilini Chethana,Kandawatte Wedaralalage
;
Wei,De-Ping
;
Liu,Jian-Wei
;
Zhao,Qi
;
Tang,Song-Ming
;
Li,Lu
;
Hyde,Kevin David
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提交时间：2022/04/02
new taxon
diversity
ecology
host shift
multi-gene
mycoparasite
taxonomic key
SP-NOV
PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS
CORDYCEPS
FUNGI
DIVERSIFICATION
PERFORMANCE
EVOLUTION
PATHOGEN
NUCLEAR
SOIL
Spatiotemporal maintenance of flora in the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot: Current knowledge and future perspectives
期刊论文
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, 2021, 卷号: 11, 期号: 16, 页码: 10794-10812
作者:
Wambulwa,Moses C.
;
Milne,Richard
;
Wu,Zeng-Yuan
;
Spicer,Robert A.
;
Provan,Jim
;
Luo,Ya-Huang
;
Zhu,Guang-Fu
;
Wang,Wan-Ting
;
Wang,Hong
;
Gao,Lian-Ming
;
Li,De-Zhu
;
Liu,Jie
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提交时间：2022/04/02
biodiversity hotspot
climate change
elevational gradient
Himalayan flora
mountain ecosystem
spatiotemporal diversification
SPECIES RICHNESS PATTERNS
QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU
SOUTH ASIAN MONSOON
ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT
HENGDUAN MOUNTAINS
CLIMATE-CHANGE
BETA-DIVERSITY
QUATERNARY GLACIATION
GENETIC CONSEQUENCES
ARTIFICIAL DISPERSAL
Speciation along the elevation gradient: Divergence of Roscoea species within the south slope of the Himalayas
期刊论文
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION, 2021, 卷号: 164, 页码: 107292
作者:
Zhao,Jian-Li
;
Paudel,Babu Ram
;
Yu,Xiang-Qin
;
Zhang,Jie
;
Li,Qing-Jun
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提交时间：2022/04/02
Climate changes
Elevation gradient
Mountain biodiversity
Speciation
The Himalayas
ASIAN MONSOONS
PLANT
BIODIVERSITY
EVOLUTION
UPLIFT
INTROGRESSION
POPULATIONS
PHYLOGENY
MOUNTAINS
FLY
Calanthe x yarlungzangboensis, a new natural hybrid in genus Calanthe (Orchidaceae) from China
期刊论文
PHYTOTAXA, 2021, 卷号: 518, 期号: 2, 页码: 167-174
作者:
Wu,Po-Po
;
Wang,Zi
;
Jia,Ning-Xia
;
Guo,Shi-Wei
;
Liu,Chang-Cheng
;
Jin,Xiao-Hua
;
Guo,Ke
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提交时间：2022/04/02
Calanthe
Eastern Himalayas
new hybrid
Orchidaceae
SP-NOV ORCHIDACEAE
EPIDENDROIDEAE
COLLABIEAE
YUNNAN
