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资助项目
0.05) between wild (AR = 4.651), semi-cultivated (AR = 5.091) and cultivated (AR = 5.132) populations of C. taliensis, which suggested that the genetic background of long-lived woody plant was not easy to be changed, and there were moderate high gene flow between populations. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between wild (AR = 5.9) and cultivated (AR = 7.1) populations distributed in the same place in Yun county, Yunnan province, which may result from the hybridization and introgression of species in the tea garden and anthropogenic damages to the wild population. The hypothesis of hybrid origin of C. grandibracteata was tested by morphological and microsatellites analyses. Compared with other species, the locules in ovary of C. grandibracteata are variable, which showed a morphological intermediate and mosaic. Except one private allele, Ninety-nine percent alleles of C. grandibracteata were shared with these of C. taliensis and C. sinensis var. assamica. And C. grandibracteata was nested in the cluster of C. taliensis in the UPGMA tree. Conclusively, our results supported the hypothesis of hybrid origin of C. grandibracteata partly. The speciation of C. grandibracteata was derived from hybridization and asymmetrical introgression potentially. It is possible that C. taliensis was one of its parents, but it still needs more evidences to prove that C. sinensis var. assamica was another parent.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Sativa%2Bl&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACamellia%5C+taliensis%5C+%5C%28W.%5C+W.%5C+Smith%5C%29%5C+Melchior%2C%5C+a%5C+member%5C+of%5C+Camellia%5C+sect.%5C+Thea%2C%5C+is%5C+an%5C+indigenous%5C+species%5C+in%5C+local%5C+natural%5C+forest%5C+and%5C+has%5C+a%5C+long%5C+cultivative%5C+history%5C+in%5C+western%5C+Yunnan%5C+and%5C+its%5C+neighborhood%2C%5C+where%5C+the%5C+domestications%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%5C+in%5C+different%5C+historical%5C+periods%5C+and%5C+in%5C+different%5C+ways%5C+can%5C+be%5C+found.%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+is%5C+an%5C+important%5C+contributor%5C+to%5C+the%5C+formations%5C+of%5C+tea%5C+landraces%5C+by%5C+hybridization%5C+and%5C+introgression.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+present%5C+study%2C%5C+14%5C+microsatellite%5C+loci%5C+screened%5C+from%5C+37%5C+loci%5C+were%5C+used%5C+to%5C+explore%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+about%5C+this%5C+species%5C+with%5C+579%5C+samples%5C+from%5C+25%5C+populations%5C+%5C%2816%5C+wild%5C+populations%2C%5C+4%5C+semi%5C-cultivated%5C+populations%5C+and%5C+5%5C+cultivated%5C+populations%5C%29.%5C+At%5C+the%5C+same%5C+time%2C%5C+the%5C+potential%5C+hybrid%5C+speciation%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%2C%5C+was%5C+investigated%5C+using%5C+39%5C+individuals%5C+from%5C+2%5C+populations%2C%5C+along%5C+with%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica%5C+%5C%2883%5C+individuals%5C+from%5C+4%5C+populations%5C%29%5C+by%5C+the%5C+same%5C+microsatellite%5C+markers.%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+had%5C+a%5C+moderate%5C+high%5C+level%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28A%5C+%3D%5C+14.3%2C%5C+Ne%3D%5C+5.7%2C%5C+HE%5C+%3D%5C+0.666%2C%5C+I%5C+%3D%5C+1.753%2C%5C+AR%5C+%3D%5C+7.2%2C%5C+PPB%5C+%3D%5C+100%25%5C%29.%5C+This%5C+may%5C+result%5C+from%5C+several%5C+factors%5C+including%5C+K%5C-strategy%2C%5C+genetic%5C+background%2C%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+between%5C+populations%2C%5C+hybridization%5C+and%5C+introgression%5C+among%5C+species.%5C+Between%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%2C%5C+the%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+was%5C+moderate%5C+high%5C+%5C%28Nm%5C+%3D%5C+1.197%5C%29%2C%5C+and%5C+genetic%5C+variation%5C+was%5C+less%5C+than%5C+20%25%5C+%5C%28GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.147%2C%5C+FST%5C+%3D%5C+0.173%5C%29%2C%5C+which%5C+was%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+other%5C+research%5C+results%5C+of%5C+long%5C-lived%5C+woody%5C+plants%2C%5C+and%5C+reflected%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+its%5C+ancestry%5C+to%5C+same%5C+extent.%5C+There%5C+was%5C+a%5C+high%5C+significant%5C+correlation%5C+between%5C+geographic%5C+distance%5C+and%5C+Nei%E2%80%99s%5C+genetic%5C+distance%5C+%5C%28r%5C+%3D%5C+0.372%2C%5C+P%5C+%3D%5C+0.001%5C%29%5C+of%5C+populations%2C%5C+which%5C+accorded%5C+with%5C+isolation%5C+by%5C+distance%5C+model.%5C+Inferring%5C+from%5C+Bayesian%5C+clustering%5C+of%5C+genotypes%2C%5C+all%5C+individuals%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+were%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+two%5C+groups%2C%5C+conflicting%5C+with%5C+the%5C+result%5C+based%5C+on%5C+Nei%E2%80%99s%5C+genetic%5C+distance%5C+and%5C+real%5C+geographic%5C+distribution%2C%5C+which%5C+suggested%5C+there%5C+were%5C+heavy%5C+and%5C+non%5C-random%5C+influences%5C+by%5C+human%5C+practices.%5C+According%5C+to%5C+allelic%5C+richness%2C%5C+there%5C+were%5C+no%5C+significant%5C+differences%5C+%5C%28P%5C+%3E%5C+0.05%5C%29%5C+between%5C+wild%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+4.651%5C%29%2C%5C+semi%5C-cultivated%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+5.091%5C%29%5C+and%5C+cultivated%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+5.132%5C%29%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%2C%5C+which%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+background%5C+of%5C+long%5C-lived%5C+woody%5C+plant%5C+was%5C+not%5C+easy%5C+to%5C+be%5C+changed%2C%5C+and%5C+there%5C+were%5C+moderate%5C+high%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+between%5C+populations.%5C+However%2C%5C+there%5C+was%5C+a%5C+significant%5C+difference%5C+%5C%28P%5C+%3C%5C+0.05%5C%29%5C+between%5C+wild%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+5.9%5C%29%5C+and%5C+cultivated%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+7.1%5C%29%5C+populations%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+the%5C+same%5C+place%5C+in%5C+Yun%5C+county%2C%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%2C%5C+which%5C+may%5C+result%5C+from%5C+the%5C+hybridization%5C+and%5C+introgression%5C+of%5C+species%5C+in%5C+the%5C+tea%5C+garden%5C+and%5C+anthropogenic%5C+damages%5C+to%5C+the%5C+wild%5C+population.%5C+The%5C+hypothesis%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+origin%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+was%5C+tested%5C+by%5C+morphological%5C+and%5C+microsatellites%5C+analyses.%5C+Compared%5C+with%5C+other%5C+species%2C%5C+the%5C+locules%5C+in%5C+ovary%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+are%5C+variable%2C%5C+which%5C+showed%5C+a%5C+morphological%5C+intermediate%5C+and%5C+mosaic.%5C+Except%5C+one%5C+private%5C+allele%2C%5C+Ninety%5C-nine%5C+percent%5C+alleles%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+were%5C+shared%5C+with%5C+these%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica.%5C+And%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+was%5C+nested%5C+in%5C+the%5C+cluster%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+in%5C+the%5C+UPGMA%5C+tree.%5C+Conclusively%2C%5C+our%5C+results%5C+supported%5C+the%5C+hypothesis%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+origin%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+partly.%5C+The%5C+speciation%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+was%5C+derived%5C+from%5C+hybridization%5C+and%5C+asymmetrical%5C+introgression%5C+potentially.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+possible%5C+that%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+was%5C+one%5C+of%5C+its%5C+parents%2C%5C+but%5C+it%5C+still%5C+needs%5C+more%5C+evidences%5C+to%5C+prove%5C+that%5C+C.%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica%5C+was%5C+another%5C+parent."},{"jsname":"Cold stress is one of the major environmental factors that adversely influence plants growth. Cold stress not only limits plants geographic distribution, but also reduces plants yield by shortening growing season, which brought billions of dollars economic losses for global crop. In nature, responses of overwintering plants to low temperature can be divided into three distinct phases: cold acclimation (CA), freezing, and post-freezing recovery (PFR). Until now, plenty intensive study about molecular mechanism of cold stress mainly focused on the above-zero low temperature phase. However, the studies on the freezing phase below zero and the following PFR phase with temperature going up to above-zero were rare. The previous research form our lab hinted that the responses of plants to freezing and PFR were complex and important. Except for passive reflection, there were also crucial active responses during this process. Several special rules were presented at the different levels including gene expression, signal transduction and membrane lipids changes, and fully understanding these rules would be helpful for us to explore the responses of plants to low temperature and then proceed to improve the freezing resistance of plants. In the present study, the mechanisms of respond to freezing and PFR of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relative Thellungiella halophlia that with extreme tolerance to abiotic stresses were carried out, including regulation of gene expression, signal transduction pathway and membrane lipids changes three levels which were essential for the freezing resistance of plants. Ground on these work, we obtained results from the following five aspects. First, the complete picture of A. thaliana responding to freezing and PFR at transcriptome level was elaborated and three functional genes closely related to the phases were identified. Second, the cis-elements with high frequent presence in differentially expressed genes were elucidated, and the practical binding of one elements among them was experimental verified during freezing and PFR. Moreover, we predicted the new elements which would respond to freezing and PFR. Third, the regulation of freezing stress by microRNA in A. thaliana was preliminarily investigated and 36 functional genes possibly regulated by miRNA during freezing and PFR were gained. Fourth, the negative effect of phytohormone Auxin on A. thaliana subjected to freezing stress was identified. Fifth, for the freezing-resistant plant T. halophlia, the rules of membrane lipids composition changes under freezing stress were uncovered.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Sativa%2Bl&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACold%5C+stress%5C+is%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+major%5C+environmental%5C+factors%5C+that%5C+adversely%5C+influence%5C+plants%5C+growth.%5C+Cold%5C+stress%5C+not%5C+only%5C+limits%5C+plants%5C+geographic%5C+distribution%2C%5C+but%5C+also%5C+reduces%5C+plants%5C+yield%5C+by%5C+shortening%5C+growing%5C+season%2C%5C+which%5C+brought%5C+billions%5C+of%5C+dollars%5C+economic%5C+losses%5C+for%5C+global%5C+crop.%5C+In%5C+nature%2C%5C+responses%5C+of%5C+overwintering%5C+plants%5C+to%5C+low%5C+temperature%5C+can%5C+be%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+three%5C+distinct%5C+phases%5C%3A%5C+cold%5C+acclimation%5C+%5C%28CA%5C%29%2C%5C+freezing%2C%5C+and%5C+post%5C-freezing%5C+recovery%5C+%5C%28PFR%5C%29.%5C+Until%5C+now%2C%5C+plenty%5C+intensive%5C+study%5C+about%5C+molecular%5C+mechanism%5C+of%5C+cold%5C+stress%5C+mainly%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+above%5C-zero%5C+low%5C+temperature%5C+phase.%5C+However%2C%5C+the%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+the%5C+freezing%5C+phase%5C+below%5C+zero%5C+and%5C+the%5C+following%5C+PFR%5C+phase%5C+with%5C+temperature%5C+going%5C+up%5C+to%5C+above%5C-zero%5C+were%5C+rare.%5C+The%5C+previous%5C+research%5C+form%5C+our%5C+lab%5C+hinted%5C+that%5C+the%5C+responses%5C+of%5C+plants%5C+to%5C+freezing%5C+and%5C+PFR%5C+were%5C+complex%5C+and%5C+important.%5C+Except%5C+for%5C+passive%5C+reflection%2C%5C+there%5C+were%5C+also%5C+crucial%5C+active%5C+responses%5C+during%5C+this%5C+process.%5C+Several%5C+special%5C+rules%5C+were%5C+presented%5C+at%5C+the%5C+different%5C+levels%5C+including%5C+gene%5C+expression%2C%5C+signal%5C+transduction%5C+and%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+changes%2C%5C+and%5C+fully%5C+understanding%5C+these%5C+rules%5C+would%5C+be%5C+helpful%5C+for%5C+us%5C+to%5C+explore%5C+the%5C+responses%5C+of%5C+plants%5C+to%5C+low%5C+temperature%5C+and%5C+then%5C+proceed%5C+to%5C+improve%5C+the%5C+freezing%5C+resistance%5C+of%5C+plants.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+present%5C+study%2C%5C+the%5C+mechanisms%5C+of%5C+respond%5C+to%5C+freezing%5C+and%5C+PFR%5C+of%5C+model%5C+plant%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+thaliana%5C+and%5C+its%5C+close%5C+relative%5C+Thellungiella%5C+halophlia%5C+that%5C+with%5C+extreme%5C+tolerance%5C+to%5C+abiotic%5C+stresses%5C+were%5C+carried%5C+out%2C%5C+including%5C+regulation%5C+of%5C+gene%5C+expression%2C%5C+signal%5C+transduction%5C+pathway%5C+and%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+changes%5C+three%5C+levels%5C+which%5C+were%5C+essential%5C+for%5C+the%5C+freezing%5C+resistance%5C+of%5C+plants.%5C+Ground%5C+on%5C+these%5C+work%2C%5C+we%5C+obtained%5C+results%5C+from%5C+the%5C+following%5C+five%5C+aspects.%5C+First%2C%5C+the%5C+complete%5C+picture%5C+of%5C+A.%5C+thaliana%5C+responding%5C+to%5C+freezing%5C+and%5C+PFR%5C+at%5C+transcriptome%5C+level%5C+was%5C+elaborated%5C+and%5C+three%5C+functional%5C+genes%5C+closely%5C+related%5C+to%5C+the%5C+phases%5C+were%5C+identified.%5C+Second%2C%5C+the%5C+cis%5C-elements%5C+with%5C+high%5C+frequent%5C+presence%5C+in%5C+differentially%5C+expressed%5C+genes%5C+were%5C+elucidated%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+practical%5C+binding%5C+of%5C+one%5C+elements%5C+among%5C+them%5C+was%5C+experimental%5C+verified%5C+during%5C+freezing%5C+and%5C+PFR.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+we%5C+predicted%5C+the%5C+new%5C+elements%5C+which%5C+would%5C+respond%5C+to%5C+freezing%5C+and%5C+PFR.%5C+Third%2C%5C+the%5C+regulation%5C+of%5C+freezing%5C+stress%5C+by%5C+microRNA%5C+in%5C+A.%5C+thaliana%5C+was%5C+preliminarily%5C+investigated%5C+and%5C+36%5C+functional%5C+genes%5C+possibly%5C+regulated%5C+by%5C+miRNA%5C+during%5C+freezing%5C+and%5C+PFR%5C+were%5C+gained.%5C+Fourth%2C%5C+the%5C+negative%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+phytohormone%5C+Auxin%5C+on%5C+A.%5C+thaliana%5C+subjected%5C+to%5C+freezing%5C+stress%5C+was%5C+identified.%5C+Fifth%2C%5C+for%5C+the%5C+freezing%5C-resistant%5C+plant%5C+T.%5C+halophlia%2C%5C+the%5C+rules%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+composition%5C+changes%5C+under%5C+freezing%5C+stress%5C+were%5C+uncovered."},{"jsname":"Environmental stresses could limit plant growth, development and propagation. Abiotic stress refers to the negative impact factors to the plants, such as extreme temperature, drought, flood, salinity, irradiation, chemicals and so on. To understand the mechanism of abiotic stress is very important.Membrane is the most sensitive organs in the cell that response to environmental changes. Cells respond and transduct environmental signals by changing content of membrane lipids and membrane proteins. The activity change of membrane phospholipase D (PLD) and the composition and content of membrane lipid molecules is one of the most anti-stress methods for the plants. It was reported that plants responded to some abiotic stresses such as freezing, thawing, seed aging and dehydration through changing lipid molecules especially the messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) and mutants of PLD were more tolerant to those stresses. It is important to investigate the characteristics and variation of membrane lipids and membrane proteins to understand the streee in plants.Three different kinds of stresses, including alpine scree temperature stress, allelopathy and Gamma irradiation stress, were studied in the present dissertation. And try to understand how plants response to those stresses by changing membrane system and the function of PLD in resistant to those stresses, lipidomic methods were used to profiling the changing of 11 lipids classes (160 lipids molecules) under thoses stresses. Moreover, PLD mutants were also used to study the role of PLD under those stresses. The mechanisms of plants response to stresses were very complicated; PLD and lipid molecules were not the only factors that response to stresses, the metabolism and phytohormones of tested plants under these stresses were also studied.In alpine scree of northwest Yunnan, the temperature was various from 33 °C during the midday to 4 °C at night, and the highest temperature could reach to 35 to 40 °C. Saussurea medusa and Solms-Laubachia linearifolia, which live in this environment, were chosen as studied model. The results showed that membrane lipid of these two plants significantly fluctuated with the temperature, while the double bond index (DBI) that had close relationship to temperature did not change. Furthermore, the the lysolipids which rise significantly under stresses did not change too much either. Laboratory mimic experiments also confermed the characteristics of lipids change to temperature in alpine scree plants. The results suggested that the plants living in such temperature changeable environment had already adapted to this situation and their membrane responded to the temperature was a kind of adaptation instead of stress response.Since the first introduction in Yunnan province of China in 1940s, E. adenophorum has spread very rapidly especially in southwestern China. Without understanding its invasive mechanism, it is impossible to control it. o-Hydroxycinnamic acid (o-HCA), an allelochmeical isolated from leachates of aerial parts of E. adenophorum were studied. o-HCA was abundant in aerial parts of E. adenophorum (1g/10kg fresh weight). The data showed that o-HCA not only had strong allelopathic effect on Arabidopsis seeds germination, but also inhibited seedling growth, and even induced root death of Arabidopsis seedlings. It could be proposed that o-HCA affected seedlings indirectly, through inducing root cell death, and it disturbed the water and ion absorption of plants and finally induced seedling to die. Interestingly, o-HCA could also inhibit E. adenophorum seed germination, while it showed no effect on its seedling growth. E. adenophorum can produce thousands of seeds and has the ability to vegetative reproduction, with which may alleviate the harmful effect of o-HCA on E. adenophorum. Unlike E. adenophorum, its neighbors’ population was inhibited, under this situation, E. adenophorum coule have better condition to live and invade successfully.Arabidopsis were irradiated with gamma rays, and 50-100 Gy gamma irradiation could inhibit seedling growth, and with the dosage above 200 Gy it could inhibit seedling flowering. Treated Arabidopsis wild types and their PLD a and d mutant with gamma ray showed no significant differences among them. The lipid molecules changes of seedlings under stress of gamma ray were also tested, and found that Gamama ray induced lipids degradation, among which, MGDG and DGDG degraded dramatically, while the average carbons in lipids did not changed. The lipids content (nmol per mg dry weight) decreased significantly, while the mol% content (mol% of total) changed slightly. Gamma irradiation also leaded to dramatically change of Arabidopsis seedling metabolomics and the phytohormones (ABA，ZR，JA，IAA).","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Sativa%2Bl&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AEnvironmental%5C+stresses%5C+could%5C+limit%5C+plant%5C+growth%2C%5C+development%5C+and%5C+propagation.%5C+Abiotic%5C+stress%5C+refers%5C+to%5C+the%5C+negative%5C+impact%5C+factors%5C+to%5C+the%5C+plants%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+extreme%5C+temperature%2C%5C+drought%2C%5C+flood%2C%5C+salinity%2C%5C+irradiation%2C%5C+chemicals%5C+and%5C+so%5C+on.%5C+To%5C+understand%5C+the%5C+mechanism%5C+of%5C+abiotic%5C+stress%5C+is%5C+very%5C+important.Membrane%5C+is%5C+the%5C+most%5C+sensitive%5C+organs%5C+in%5C+the%5C+cell%5C+that%5C+response%5C+to%5C+environmental%5C+changes.%5C+Cells%5C+respond%5C+and%5C+transduct%5C+environmental%5C+signals%5C+by%5C+changing%5C+content%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+and%5C+membrane%5C+proteins.%5C+The%5C+activity%5C+change%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+phospholipase%5C+D%5C+%5C%28PLD%5C%29%5C+and%5C+the%5C+composition%5C+and%5C+content%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipid%5C+molecules%5C+is%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+most%5C+anti%5C-stress%5C+methods%5C+for%5C+the%5C+plants.%5C+It%5C+was%5C+reported%5C+that%5C+plants%5C+responded%5C+to%5C+some%5C+abiotic%5C+stresses%5C+such%5C+as%5C+freezing%2C%5C+thawing%2C%5C+seed%5C+aging%5C+and%5C+dehydration%5C+through%5C+changing%5C+lipid%5C+molecules%5C+especially%5C+the%5C+messenger%5C+phosphatidic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28PA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+mutants%5C+of%5C+PLD%5C+were%5C+more%5C+tolerant%5C+to%5C+those%5C+stresses.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+important%5C+to%5C+investigate%5C+the%5C+characteristics%5C+and%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+and%5C+membrane%5C+proteins%5C+to%5C+understand%5C+the%5C+streee%5C+in%5C+plants.Three%5C+different%5C+kinds%5C+of%5C+stresses%2C%5C+including%5C+alpine%5C+scree%5C+temperature%5C+stress%2C%5C+allelopathy%5C+and%5C+Gamma%5C+irradiation%5C+stress%2C%5C+were%5C+studied%5C+in%5C+the%5C+present%5C+dissertation.%5C+And%5C+try%5C+to%5C+understand%5C+how%5C+plants%5C+response%5C+to%5C+those%5C+stresses%5C+by%5C+changing%5C+membrane%5C+system%5C+and%5C+the%5C+function%5C+of%5C+PLD%5C+in%5C+resistant%5C+to%5C+those%5C+stresses%2C%5C+lipidomic%5C+methods%5C+were%5C+used%5C+to%5C+profiling%5C+the%5C+changing%5C+of%5C+11%5C+lipids%5C+classes%5C+%5C%28160%5C+lipids%5C+molecules%5C%29%5C+under%5C+thoses%5C+stresses.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+PLD%5C+mutants%5C+were%5C+also%5C+used%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+role%5C+of%5C+PLD%5C+under%5C+those%5C+stresses.%5C+The%5C+mechanisms%5C+of%5C+plants%5C+response%5C+to%5C+stresses%5C+were%5C+very%5C+complicated%5C%3B%5C+PLD%5C+and%5C+lipid%5C+molecules%5C+were%5C+not%5C+the%5C+only%5C+factors%5C+that%5C+response%5C+to%5C+stresses%2C%5C+the%5C+metabolism%5C+and%5C+phytohormones%5C+of%5C+tested%5C+plants%5C+under%5C+these%5C+stresses%5C+were%5C+also%5C+studied.In%5C+alpine%5C+scree%5C+of%5C+northwest%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+the%5C+temperature%5C+was%5C+various%5C+from%5C+33%5C+%C2%B0C%5C+during%5C+the%5C+midday%5C+to%5C+4%5C+%C2%B0C%5C+at%5C+night%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+highest%5C+temperature%5C+could%5C+reach%5C+to%5C+35%5C+to%5C+40%5C+%C2%B0C.%5C+Saussurea%5C+medusa%5C+and%5C+Solms%5C-Laubachia%5C+linearifolia%2C%5C+which%5C+live%5C+in%5C+this%5C+environment%2C%5C+were%5C+chosen%5C+as%5C+studied%5C+model.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+membrane%5C+lipid%5C+of%5C+these%5C+two%5C+plants%5C+significantly%5C+fluctuated%5C+with%5C+the%5C+temperature%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+double%5C+bond%5C+index%5C+%5C%28DBI%5C%29%5C+that%5C+had%5C+close%5C+relationship%5C+to%5C+temperature%5C+did%5C+not%5C+change.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+the%5C+the%5C+lysolipids%5C+which%5C+rise%5C+significantly%5C+under%5C+stresses%5C+did%5C+not%5C+change%5C+too%5C+much%5C+either.%5C+Laboratory%5C+mimic%5C+experiments%5C+also%5C+confermed%5C+the%5C+characteristics%5C+of%5C+lipids%5C+change%5C+to%5C+temperature%5C+in%5C+alpine%5C+scree%5C+plants.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+the%5C+plants%5C+living%5C+in%5C+such%5C+temperature%5C+changeable%5C+environment%5C+had%5C+already%5C+adapted%5C+to%5C+this%5C+situation%5C+and%5C+their%5C+membrane%5C+responded%5C+to%5C+the%5C+temperature%5C+was%5C+a%5C+kind%5C+of%5C+adaptation%5C+instead%5C+of%5C+stress%5C+response.Since%5C+the%5C+first%5C+introduction%5C+in%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%5C+of%5C+China%5C+in%5C+1940s%2C%5C+E.%5C+adenophorum%5C+has%5C+spread%5C+very%5C+rapidly%5C+especially%5C+in%5C+southwestern%5C+China.%5C+Without%5C+understanding%5C+its%5C+invasive%5C+mechanism%2C%5C+it%5C+is%5C+impossible%5C+to%5C+control%5C+it.%5C+o%5C-Hydroxycinnamic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28o%5C-HCA%5C%29%2C%5C+an%5C+allelochmeical%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+leachates%5C+of%5C+aerial%5C+parts%5C+of%5C+E.%5C+adenophorum%5C+were%5C+studied.%5C+o%5C-HCA%5C+was%5C+abundant%5C+in%5C+aerial%5C+parts%5C+of%5C+E.%5C+adenophorum%5C+%5C%281g%5C%2F10kg%5C+fresh%5C+weight%5C%29.%5C+The%5C+data%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+o%5C-HCA%5C+not%5C+only%5C+had%5C+strong%5C+allelopathic%5C+effect%5C+on%5C+Ara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has natural selection determined the evolution of gene regulation by acting on major regulatory factors? This question has been attractive to many evolutionary biologists for a long time. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous posttranscriptional repressors and play essential roles in diverse biological processes in plants. To understand how natural selection has targeted on the entire lay of miRNA regulatory modules during flower development, we resequenced 31 miRNA target sites involved in flower development from five rice populations. We found that purifying selection serves as a major evolutionary force to act on the conserved miRNA binding sites, leading to the globally reduced genetic variation in highly conserved miRNA binding sequences within the entire rice samples. Conversely, positive selection allows variations at nonconserved miRNA binding sites and acts on them in a population-specific behaviour. Further analysis revealed that the polymorphisms within target sites may serve as raw materials for diverse functions of miRNAs by means of the destabilization of duplex, abolishment of existing target sites, and creation of novel ones. Together, the above-mentioned results indicate that variations at conserved binding sites are likely deleterious during rice flower development, whereas variants at nonconserved binding sites may be conductive to flower development-related phenotypic diversities and rice population adaption to variable environmental conditions as well. To further assess functional effects and evolutionary significance of variable alleles at the target genes, we reported the detailed characterization of the haplotype and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns of the entire target gene (LOC_Os01g18850，SPL 1) and the 1.4 Mb flanking regions in three rice populations, namely japonica, indica and O. rufipogon. The genetic profile of SNPs at target site and its flanking regions revealed high haplotype frequency, low haplotype diversity and strong LD in two cultivatedricepopulations. By contrast, we observed the opposite phenomena in O. rufipogon. Using the long-range haplotype (LRT) test, we found strong evidence of recent positive selection for SNP 3C/T alleles at target site in the combined O. sativa. Comparsion between the two rice subpopulations indicated that the major haplotype mh 2 containing SNP 3C accounts for half of all haplotypes in indica, while mh 3 containing SNP 3T is 91% in japonica. Moreover, the extent of LD is stronger in japonica than that in inidca. These differences suggest that independent evolutionary events may have occurred in target sequences of two cultivated rice populations and stronger positive selection acted on japonica. Next, we examined geographic distribution of polymorphic variants at target sites. We found that the major alleles SNP 3T and tightly linked SNP 4A in japonica appear to be associated with the adaption to the northern climates during rice flower development.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Sativa%2Bl&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AHow%5C+has%5C+natural%5C+selection%5C+determined%5C+the%5C+evolution%5C+of%5C+gene%5C+regulation%5C+by%5C+acting%5C+on%5C+major%5C+regulatory%5C+factors%5C%3F%5C+This%5C+question%5C+has%5C+been%5C+attractive%5C+to%5C+many%5C+evolutionary%5C+biologists%5C+for%5C+a%5C+long%5C+time.%5C+MicroRNAs%5C+%5C%28miRNAs%5C%29%5C+are%5C+endogenous%5C+posttranscriptional%5C+repressors%5C+and%5C+play%5C+essential%5C+roles%5C+in%5C+diverse%5C+biological%5C+processes%5C+in%5C+plants.%5C+To%5C+understand%5C+how%5C+natural%5C+selection%5C+has%5C+targeted%5C+on%5C+the%5C+entire%5C+lay%5C+of%5C+miRNA%5C+regulatory%5C+modules%5C+during%5C+flower%5C+development%2C%5C+we%5C+resequenced%5C+31%5C+miRNA%5C+target%5C+sites%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+flower%5C+development%5C+from%5C+five%5C+rice%5C+populations.%5C+We%5C+found%5C+that%5C+purifying%5C+selection%5C+serves%5C+as%5C+a%5C+major%5C+evolutionary%5C+force%5C+to%5C+act%5C+on%5C+the%5C+conserved%5C+miRNA%5C+binding%5C+sites%2C%5C+leading%5C+to%5C+the%5C+globally%5C+reduced%5C+genetic%5C+variation%5C+in%5C+highly%5C+conserved%5C+miRNA%5C+binding%5C+sequences%5C+within%5C+the%5C+entire%5C+rice%5C+samples.%5C+Conversely%2C%5C+positive%5C+selection%5C+allows%5C+variations%5C+at%5C+nonconserved%5C+miRNA%5C+binding%5C+sites%5C+and%5C+acts%5C+on%5C+them%5C+in%5C+a%5C+population%5C-specific%5C+behaviour.%5C+Further%5C+analysis%5C+revealed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+polymorphisms%5C+within%5C+target%5C+sites%5C+may%5C+serve%5C+as%5C+raw%5C+materials%5C+for%5C+diverse%5C+functions%5C+of%5C+miRNAs%5C+by%5C+means%5C+of%5C+the%5C+destabilization%5C+of%5C+duplex%2C%5C+abolishment%5C+of%5C+existing%5C+target%5C+sites%2C%5C+and%5C+creation%5C+of%5C+novel%5C+ones.%5C+Together%2C%5C+the%5C+above%5C-mentioned%5C+results%5C+indicate%5C+that%5C+variations%5C+at%5C+conserved%5C+binding%5C+sites%5C+are%5C+likely%5C+deleterious%5C+during%5C+rice%5C+flower%5C+development%2C%5C+whereas%5C+variants%5C+at%5C+nonconserved%5C+binding%5C+sites%5C+may%5C+be%5C+conductive%5C+to%5C+flower%5C+development%5C-related%5C+phenotypic%5C+diversities%5C+and%5C+rice%5C+population%5C+adaption%5C+to%5C+variable%5C+environmental%5C+conditions%5C+as%5C+well.%5C+To%5C+further%5C+assess%5C+functional%5C+effects%5C+and%5C+evolutionary%5C+significance%5C+of%5C+variable%5C+alleles%5C+at%5C+the%5C+target%5C+genes%2C%5C+we%5C+reported%5C+the%5C+detailed%5C+characterization%5C+of%5C+the%5C+haplotype%5C+and%5C+linkage%5C+disequilibrium%5C+%5C%28LD%5C%29%5C+patterns%5C+of%5C+the%5C+entire%5C+target%5C+gene%5C+%5C%28LOC_Os01g18850%EF%BC%8CSPL%5C+1%5C%29%5C+and%5C+the%5C+1.4%5C+Mb%5C+flanking%5C+regions%5C+in%5C+three%5C+rice%5C+populations%2C%5C+namely%5C+japonica%2C%5C+indica%5C+and%5C+O.%5C+rufipogon.%5C+The%5C+genetic%5C+profile%5C+of%5C+SNPs%5C+at%5C+target%5C+site%5C+and%5C+its%5C+flanking%5C+regions%5C+revealed%5C+high%5C+haplotype%5C+frequency%2C%5C+low%5C+haplotype%5C+diversity%5C+and%5C+strong%5C+LD%5C+in%5C+two%5C+cultivatedricepopulations.%5C+By%5C+contrast%2C%5C+we%5C+observed%5C+the%5C+opposite%5C+phenomena%5C+in%5C+O.%5C+rufipogon.%5C+Using%5C+the%5C+long%5C-range%5C+haplotype%5C+%5C%28LRT%5C%29%5C+test%2C%5C+we%5C+found%5C+strong%5C+evidence%5C+of%5C+recent%5C+positive%5C+selection%5C+for%5C+SNP%5C+3C%5C%2FT%5C+alleles%5C+at%5C+target%5C+site%5C+in%5C+the%5C+combined%5C+O.%5C+sativa.%5C+Comparsion%5C+between%5C+the%5C+two%5C+rice%5C+subpopulations%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+the%5C+major%5C+haplotype%5C+mh%5C+2%5C+containing%5C+SNP%5C+3C%5C+accounts%5C+for%5C+half%5C+of%5C+all%5C+haplotypes%5C+in%5C+indica%2C%5C+while%5C+mh%5C+3%5C+containing%5C+SNP%5C+3T%5C+is%5C+91%25%5C+in%5C+japonica.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+the%5C+extent%5C+of%5C+LD%5C+is%5C+stronger%5C+in%5C+japonica%5C+than%5C+that%5C+in%5C+inidca.%5C+These%5C+differences%5C+suggest%5C+that%5C+independent%5C+evolutionary%5C+events%5C+may%5C+have%5C+occurred%5C+in%5C+target%5C+sequences%5C+of%5C+two%5C+cultivated%5C+rice%5C+populations%5C+and%5C+stronger%5C+positive%5C+selection%5C+acted%5C+on%5C+japonica.%5C+Next%2C%5C+we%5C+examined%5C+geographic%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+polymorphic%5C+variants%5C+at%5C+target%5C+sites.%5C+We%5C+found%5C+that%5C+the%5C+major%5C+alleles%5C+SNP%5C+3T%5C+and%5C+tightly%5C+linked%5C+SNP%5C+4A%5C+in%5C+japonica%5C+appear%5C+to%5C+be%5C+associated%5C+with%5C+the%5C+adaption%5C+to%5C+the%5C+northern%5C+climates%5C+during%5C+rice%5C+flower%5C+development."},{"jsname":"In Chapter 1, we isolated a flavonoid prenyltransferase-like gene from traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Epimedium L. (berberidaceae). Epimedium species have a high content of the prenylated flavonol glycosides. Icariin and epimedin A, B and C are frequently used as marker compounds for the quality control of Epimedium. Here we speculate prenyl flavonoids biosynthesis pathway in Epimedium: The flavonoid prenyltransferase is responsible for the prenylation of flavonoids (naringenin 、kaempferol or apigenin) at the 8-position or 3'' or 5''-position. Leaves of Epimedium acuminatum Franch in the nursery were collected every month, and then detected the icariin content. The results show that leaves in March have the highest icariin content. Total RNA was extracted from leaves in March as template. A similarity-based cloning strategy yielded a flavonoid prenyltransferase-like gene, named EaPT1. In E. coli. expression system, pET32a(+) was chosen as the expression vector for use in Rosetta-gamiB(DE3)、RosettaTM 2（DE3）plysS、BL21(DE3)plysE、BL21(DE3)gold and BL21(DE3) cells. The full length ORF and truncated sequence were ligated with pET32a(+). We did not detect the target protein in SDS-PAGE. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system, the full length ORF was ligated with pYES2. In this expression system, we still could not detect the protein in SDS-PAGE. LC/MS did not detect the activity of prenyltransferase, with naringenin as substrate. Chapter 2 describes functional expression and characterization of two copalyl pyrophosphate synthase gene from Isodon ericalyx (Dunn) Kudo, named IeCPS7 and IeCPS11. Their full length ORF and truncated sequence were ligated into pET32a(+). These vectors were used to transform E.coli BL21(DE)3. The truncated IeCPS7 sequence expressed a soluble His-tag recombinant protein, 104699.41D, pI5.87, 924aa. The recombinant protein was characterized for diterpene synthase activity by using geranylgeranyl diphosphate(GGPP) as substrates and subsequent GC/MS analysis of products. The purified recombinant IeCPS showed optimum activity at pH7.1. In addition, IeCPS showed maximum activity at 30℃. The enzymatic activity was increased by addition of MgCl2 to the reaction mixture. Unexpectedly, MnCl2 actually inhibited the enzyme activity. In addition,only insoluble recombinant proteins were expressed for IeCPS11 in BL21(DE)3, Rosetta-gamiB(DE3) and RosettaTM 2（DE3）plysS. The last part reviews the advances in molecular studies of aromatic prenyltransferase in plants and fungi, focusing on membrane-bound homogentisate prenyltransferses, flavonoid prenyltransferases as well as soluble indole prenyltransferases.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Sativa%2Bl&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AIn%5C+Chapter%5C+1%2C%5C+we%5C+isolated%5C+a%5C+flavonoid%5C+prenyltransferase%5C-like%5C+gene%5C+from%5C+traditional%5C+Chinese%5C+medicinal%5C+herb%2C%5C+Epimedium%5C+L.%5C+%5C%28berberidaceae%5C%29.%5C+Epimedium%5C+species%5C+have%5C+a%5C+high%5C+content%5C+of%5C+the%5C+prenylated%5C+flavonol%5C+glycosides.%5C+Icariin%5C+and%5C+epimedin%5C+A%2C%5C+B%5C+and%5C+C%5C+are%5C+frequently%5C+used%5C+as%5C+marker%5C+compounds%5C+for%5C+the%5C+quality%5C+control%5C+of%5C+Epimedium.%5C+Here%5C+we%5C+speculate%5C+prenyl%5C+flavonoids%5C+biosynthesis%5C+pathway%5C+in%5C+Epimedium%5C%3A%5C+The%5C+flavonoid%5C+prenyltransferase%5C+is%5C+responsible%5C+for%5C+the%5C+prenylation%5C+of%5C+flavonoids%5C+%5C%28naringenin%5C+%E3%80%81kaempferol%5C+or%5C+apigenin%5C%29%5C+at%5C+the%5C+8%5C-position%5C+or%5C+3%27%27%5C+or%5C+5%27%27%5C-position.%5C+Leaves%5C+of%5C+Epimedium%5C+acuminatum%5C+Franch%5C+in%5C+the%5C+nursery%5C+were%5C+collected%5C+every%5C+month%2C%5C+and%5C+then%5C+detected%5C+the%5C+icariin%5C+content.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+show%5C+that%5C+leaves%5C+in%5C+March%5C+have%5C+the%5C+highest%5C+icariin%5C+content.%5C+Total%5C+RNA%5C+was%5C+extracted%5C+from%5C+leaves%5C+in%5C+March%5C+as%5C+template.%5C+A%5C+similarity%5C-based%5C+cloning%5C+strategy%5C+yielded%5C+a%5C+flavonoid%5C+prenyltransferase%5C-like%5C+gene%2C%5C+named%5C+EaPT1.%5C+In%5C+E.%5C+coli.%5C+expression%5C+system%2C%5C+pET32a%5C%28%5C%2B%5C%29%5C+was%5C+chosen%5C+as%5C+the%5C+expression%5C+vector%5C+for%5C+use%5C+in%5C+Rosetta%5C-gamiB%5C%28DE3%5C%29%E3%80%81RosettaTM%5C+2%EF%BC%88DE3%EF%BC%89plysS%E3%80%81BL21%5C%28DE3%5C%29plysE%E3%80%81BL21%5C%28DE3%5C%29gold%5C+and%5C+BL21%5C%28DE3%5C%29%5C+cells.%5C+The%5C+full%5C+length%5C+ORF%5C+and%5C+truncated%5C+sequence%5C+were%5C+ligated%5C+with%5C+pET32a%5C%28%5C%2B%5C%29.%5C+We%5C+did%5C+not%5C+detect%5C+the%5C+target%5C+protein%5C+in%5C+SDS%5C-PAGE.%5C+In%5C+Saccharomyces%5C+cerevisiae%5C+expression%5C+system%2C%5C+the%5C+full%5C+length%5C+ORF%5C+was%5C+ligated%5C+with%5C+pYES2.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+expression%5C+system%2C%5C+we%5C+still%5C+could%5C+not%5C+detect%5C+the%5C+protein%5C+in%5C+SDS%5C-PAGE.%5C+LC%5C%2FMS%5C+did%5C+not%5C+detect%5C+the%5C+activity%5C+of%5C+prenyltransferase%2C%5C+with%5C+naringenin%5C+as%5C+substrate.%5C+Chapter%5C+2%5C+describes%5C+functional%5C+expression%5C+and%5C+characterization%5C+of%5C+two%5C+copalyl%5C+pyrophosphate%5C+synthase%5C+gene%5C+from%5C+Isodon%5C+ericalyx%5C+%5C%28Dunn%5C%29%5C+Kudo%2C%5C+named%5C+IeCPS7%5C+and%5C+IeCPS11.%5C+Their%5C+full%5C+length%5C+ORF%5C+and%5C+truncated%5C+sequence%5C+were%5C+ligated%5C+into%5C+pET32a%5C%28%5C%2B%5C%29.%5C+These%5C+vectors%5C+were%5C+used%5C+to%5C+transform%5C+E.coli%5C+BL21%5C%28DE%5C%293.%5C+The%5C+truncated%5C+IeCPS7%5C+sequence%5C+expressed%5C+a%5C+soluble%5C+His%5C-tag%5C+recombinant%5C+protein%2C%5C+104699.41D%2C%5C+pI5.87%2C%5C+924aa.%5C+The%5C+recombinant%5C+protein%5C+was%5C+characterized%5C+for%5C+diterpene%5C+synthase%5C+activity%5C+by%5C+using%5C+geranylgeranyl%5C+diphosphate%5C%28GGPP%5C%29%5C+as%5C+substrates%5C+and%5C+subsequent%5C+GC%5C%2FMS%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+products.%5C+The%5C+purified%5C+recombinant%5C+IeCPS%5C+showed%5C+optimum%5C+activity%5C+at%5C+pH7.1.%5C+In%5C+addition%2C%5C+IeCPS%5C+showed%5C+maximum%5C+activity%5C+at%5C+30%E2%84%83.%5C+The%5C+enzymatic%5C+activity%5C+was%5C+increased%5C+by%5C+addition%5C+of%5C+MgCl2%5C+to%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C+mixture.%5C+Unexpectedly%2C%5C+MnCl2%5C+actually%5C+inhibited%5C+the%5C+enzyme%5C+activity.%5C+In%5C+addition%2Conly%5C+insoluble%5C+recombinant%5C+proteins%5C+were%5C+expressed%5C+for%5C+IeCPS11%5C+in%5C+BL21%5C%28DE%5C%293%2C%5C+Rosetta%5C-gamiB%5C%28DE3%5C%29%5C+and%5C+RosettaTM%5C+2%EF%BC%88DE3%EF%BC%89plysS.%5C+The%5C+last%5C+part%5C+reviews%5C+the%5C+advances%5C+in%5C+molecular%5C+studies%5C+of%5C+aromatic%5C+prenyltransferase%5C+in%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+fungi%2C%5C+focusing%5C+on%5C+membrane%5C-bound%5C+homogentisate%5C+prenyltransferses%2C%5C+flavonoid%5C+prenyltransferases%5C+as%5C+well%5C+as%5C+soluble%5C+indole%5C+prenyltransferases."},{"jsname":"In our continuing efforts to find anti - HBV (hepatitis B virus ) agents from natural sources, the chemical constituents of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.were investigated intensively to result in the isolation and identification of 83 compounds from the 90% EtOH extract of rhizomers. The types of isolates involved in phenols and phenolic glycosides, cycloartenols and cycloartane saponins, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, cycolodipeptides, liglans, orcinosides A-C), four phenolic derivatives (orcinosides H-J and orcinol A) linked with heterocycle, and two phenolic glycosides (orcinosides K-L) contained chlorine atom, were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, COSY, ROESY, IR, MS, UV). Additionally, our investigation revealed the presence of C. orchioides for the first time. cyclic dipeptides from steroids, heterocycles, sugars, and fatty acids. Among them, 26 new compounds, including three novel dimeric phenol glycosides (Those findings enlarged the knowledge of chemical constituents from C. orchioides. The isolateswere evaluated for their anti-HBV activities in the HBV transfected Hep G 2.2.15 cell line in vitro. The results demonstrated that the phenolic glycoside dimers, phenolic derivatives linked with heterocycle, phenolic glycosides contained chlorine atom, and cyclic dipeptides had inhibitory action on the production of HBsAg and HBeAg. The most active compound, orcinol B (21), showed an IC50 value of 2.22 mM in inhibiting HBsAg secretion with a selectivity index (SI = 1.75) and an IC50 value of 0.83 mM (SI = 4.66) in inhibiting HBeAg secretion of the Hep G2.2.15 cells. Compound 11, possessed a heterocycle in the molecule, exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against HBsAg and HBeAg with IC50 value of 2.17 and 1.60 mM, respectively; T he compound 13, connected with two chlorine atom, showed an IC50 value of 1.38 mM in inhibiting HBsAg secretion and an IC50 value of 1.76 mM inhibiting HBeAg secretion of the Hep G2.2.15 cells. Compounds 5 and 20 showed potent anti-HBV activity, inhibiting HBsAg secretion with IC50 of 1.85 mM and 3.51 mM, respectively. Our extensive investigation on the chemical constituents of C. orchioides led to the isolation of phenolic glycoside dimers, phenolic dervatives linked with heterocycle, phenolic glycosides contained chlorine atom, and cyclic dipeptides from C. orchioides. To the best of our knowledge, it was the first time to investigate the anti - HBV activities of C. orchioides; it was also for the first time to report the phenolic dervatives from C. orchioides with anti-HBV activity. Up to now, no other documents reported the dimeric phenol glycosides from the family Hypoxidaceae except our latest paper. It was also found for the first time that the heterocycle moieties, existed as a substituent of phenolic glycosides in C. orchioides, characterized by the different linkage pattern for heterocycle with the C-atom in the phenolic glycosides, or with the substitutes in the phenolic glycosides. Those finding including phenolic glycoside dimers, phenolic dervatives linked with heterocycle, phenolic glycosides contained chlorine atom, and cyclo-dipeptides from C. orchioides provided fundamental substance for further exploring of C. orchioides.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Sativa%2Bl&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AIn%5C+our%5C+continuing%5C+efforts%5C+to%5C+find%5C+anti%5C+%5C-%5C+HBV%5C+%5C%28hepatitis%5C+B%5C+virus%5C+%5C%29%5C+agents%5C+from%5C+natural%5C+sources%2C%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+Curculigo%5C+orchioides%5C+Gaertn.were%5C+investigated%5C+intensively%5C+to%5C+result%5C+in%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+and%5C+identification%5C+of%5C+83%5C+compounds%5C+from%5C+the%5C+90%25%5C+EtOH%5C+extract%5C+of%5C+rhizomers.%5C+The%5C+types%5C+of%5C+isolates%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+phenols%5C+and%5C+phenolic%5C+glycosides%2C%5C+cycloartenols%5C+and%5C+cycloartane%5C+saponins%2C%5C+monoterpenoids%2C%5C+sesquiterpenoids%2C%5C+cycolodipeptides%2C%5C+liglans%2C%5C+orcinosides%5C+A%5C-C%5C%29%2C%5C+four%5C+phenolic%5C+derivatives%5C+%5C%28orcinosides%5C+H%5C-J%5C+and%5C+orcinol%5C+A%5C%29%5C+linked%5C+with%5C+heterocycle%2C%5C+and%5C+two%5C+phenolic%5C+glycosides%5C+%5C%28orcinosides%5C+K%5C-L%5C%29%5C+contained%5C+chlorine%5C+atom%2C%5C+were%5C+elucidated%5C+based%5C+on%5C+spectroscopic%5C+methods%5C+%5C%281H%5C+NMR%2C%5C+13C%5C+NMR%2C%5C+HSQC%2C%5C+HMBC%2C%5C+COSY%2C%5C+ROESY%2C%5C+IR%2C%5C+MS%2C%5C+UV%5C%29.%5C+Additionally%2C%5C+our%5C+investigation%5C+revealed%5C+the%5C+presence%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+orchioides%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time.%5C+cyclic%5C+dipeptides%5C+from%5C+steroids%2C%5C+heterocycles%2C%5C+sugars%2C%5C+and%5C+fatty%5C+acids.%5C+Among%5C+them%2C%5C+26%5C+new%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+three%5C+novel%5C+dimeric%5C+phenol%5C+glycosides%5C+%5C%28Those%5C+findings%5C+enlarged%5C+the%5C+knowledge%5C+of%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+C.%5C+orchioides.%5C+The%5C+isolateswere%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+their%5C+anti%5C-HBV%5C+activities%5C+in%5C+the%5C+HBV%5C+transfected%5C+Hep%5C+G%5C+2.2.15%5C+cell%5C+line%5C+in%5C+vitro.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+demonstrated%5C+that%5C+the%5C+phenolic%5C+glycoside%5C+dimers%2C%5C+phenolic%5C+derivatives%5C+linked%5C+with%5C+heterocycle%2C%5C+phenolic%5C+glycosides%5C+contained%5C+chlorine%5C+atom%2C%5C+and%5C+cyclic%5C+dipeptides%5C+had%5C+inhibitory%5C+action%5C+on%5C+the%5C+production%5C+of%5C+HBsAg%5C+and%5C+HBeAg.%5C+The%5C+most%5C+active%5C+compound%2C%5C+orcinol%5C+B%5C+%5C%2821%5C%29%2C%5C+showed%5C+an%5C+IC50%5C+value%5C+of%5C+2.22%5C+mM%5C+in%5C+inhibiting%5C+HBsAg%5C+secretion%5C+with%5C+a%5C+selectivity%5C+index%5C+%5C%28SI%5C+%3D%5C+1.75%5C%29%5C+and%5C+an%5C+IC50%5C+value%5C+of%5C+0.83%5C+mM%5C+%5C%28SI%5C+%3D%5C+4.66%5C%29%5C+in%5C+inhibiting%5C+HBeAg%5C+secretion%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Hep%5C+G2.2.15%5C+cells.%5C+Compound%5C+11%2C%5C+possessed%5C+a%5C+heterocycle%5C+in%5C+the%5C+molecule%2C%5C+exhibited%5C+moderate%5C+inhibitory%5C+activities%5C+against%5C+HBsAg%5C+and%5C+HBeAg%5C+with%5C+IC50%5C+value%5C+of%5C+2.17%5C+and%5C+1.60%5C+mM%2C%5C+respectively%5C%3B%5C+T%5C+he%5C+compound%5C+13%2C%5C+connected%5C+with%5C+two%5C+chlorine%5C+atom%2C%5C+showed%5C+an%5C+IC50%5C+value%5C+of%5C+1.38%5C+mM%5C+in%5C+inhibiting%5C+HBsAg%5C+secretion%5C+and%5C+an%5C+IC50%5C+value%5C+of%5C+1.76%5C+mM%5C+inhibiting%5C+HBeAg%5C+secretion%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Hep%5C+G2.2.15%5C+cells.%5C+Compounds%5C+5%5C+and%5C+20%5C+showed%5C+potent%5C+anti%5C-HBV%5C+activity%2C%5C+inhibiting%5C+HBsAg%5C+secretion%5C+with%5C+IC50%5C+of%5C+1.85%5C+mM%5C+and%5C+3.51%5C+mM%2C%5C+respectively.%5C+Our%5C+extensive%5C+investigation%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+orchioides%5C+led%5C+to%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+phenolic%5C+glycoside%5C+dimers%2C%5C+phenolic%5C+dervatives%5C+linked%5C+with%5C+heterocycle%2C%5C+phenolic%5C+glycosides%5C+contained%5C+chlorine%5C+atom%2C%5C+and%5C+cyclic%5C+dipeptides%5C+from%5C+C.%5C+orchioides.%5C+To%5C+the%5C+best%5C+of%5C+our%5C+knowledge%2C%5C+it%5C+was%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%5C+to%5C+investigate%5C+the%5C+anti%5C+%5C-%5C+HBV%5C+activities%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+orchioides%5C%3B%5C+it%5C+was%5C+also%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%5C+to%5C+report%5C+the%5C+phenolic%5C+dervatives%5C+from%5C+C.%5C+orchioides%5C+with%5C+anti%5C-HBV%5C+activity.%5C+Up%5C+to%5C+now%2C%5C+no%5C+other%5C+documents%5C+reported%5C+the%5C+dimeric%5C+phenol%5C+glycosides%5C+from%5C+the%5C+family%5C+Hypoxidaceae%5C+except%5C+our%5C+latest%5C+paper.%5C+It%5C+was%5C+also%5C+found%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%5C+that%5C+the%5C+heterocycle%5C+moieties%2C%5C+existed%5C+as%5C+a%5C+substituent%5C+of%5C+phenolic%5C+glycosides%5C+in%5C+C.%5C+orchioides%2C%5C+characterized%5C+by%5C+the%5C+different%5C+linkage%5C+pattern%5C+for%5C+heterocycle%5C+with%5C+the%5C+C%5C-atom%5C+in%5C+the%5C+phenolic%5C+glycosides%2C%5C+or%5C+with%5C+the%5C+substitutes%5C+in%5C+the%5C+phenolic%5C+glycosides.%5C+Those%5C+finding%5C+including%5C+phenolic%5C+glycoside%5C+dimers%2C%5C+phenolic%5C+dervatives%5C+linked%5C+with%5C+heterocycle%2C%5C+phenolic%5C+glycosides%5C+contained%5C+chlorine%5C+atom%2C%5C+and%5C+cyclo%5C-dipeptides%5C+from%5C+C.%5C+orchioides%5C+provided%5C+fundamental%5C+substance%5C+for%5C+further%5C+exploring%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+orchioides."},{"jsname":"In this thesis, the chemical constituents of two medicinal plants, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait, were systematically studied. Thirty-three compounds, including five new ones (one monoterpene and four sesquiterpenoids), have been obtained by using varied chromatographic methods and separation techniques. These compounds referred to monoterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, secoiridoids, flavonoids, benzyl alcohol derivatives, phenylpropanoids, lignans, tannins and so on. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR and MS techniques. In addition, the chemical and bio-activities researches on the family Fagaceae were summaried. The detailed contents are shown as following: Chapter 1. The chemical constituents of Pogostemon cablin. P. cablin belong to the genus Pogostemon of Labiatae. As a native species of Philippines, Malaysia and India, it has been introduced into China and cultivated widely in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Taiwan and Yunnan provinces of China. Thirteen compounds, including eight sesquiterpenoids and five flavonoids, were identified from the methanol extracts of the P. cablin. Of eight sesquiterpenoids, four were the new ones. The results of this study will provide the basis for the further using of the herb. Chapter 2. The chemical constituents of Jasminum sambac. J. sambac is one of the family Oleaceae. Its flowers have been commonly used for smoking jasmine tea. J. sambac was native to the south and west of China, India and Arab. The main growing place is Persian Gulf. In this chapter, 20 compounds including one new monoterpenes were obtained from the flower of J. sambac after smoking tea. These constituents referred to monoterpenes, secoiridoids, benzyl alcohol derivatives, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans, tannins and so on. These results will provide some basic for further using of this plant. Chapter 3. The Advance of Chemical Components and Bioactivity of Fagaceous Plants since 1970. The above research resulted three papers, including two research articles and one review.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Sativa%2Bl&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AIn%5C+this%5C+thesis%2C%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+two%5C+medicinal%5C+plants%2C%5C+Pogostemon%5C+cablin%5C+%5C%28Blanco%5C%29%5C+Benth%5C+and%5C+Jasminum%5C+sambac%5C+%5C%28L.%5C%29%5C+Ait%2C%5C+were%5C+systematically%5C+studied.%5C+Thirty%5C-three%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+five%5C+new%5C+ones%5C+%5C%28one%5C+monoterpene%5C+and%5C+four%5C+sesquiterpenoids%5C%29%2C%5C+have%5C+been%5C+obtained%5C+by%5C+using%5C+varied%5C+chromatographic%5C+methods%5C+and%5C+separation%5C+techniques.%5C+These%5C+compounds%5C+referred%5C+to%5C+monoterpenes%2C%5C+sesquiterpenoids%2C%5C+secoiridoids%2C%5C+flavonoids%2C%5C+benzyl%5C+alcohol%5C+derivatives%2C%5C+phenylpropanoids%2C%5C+lignans%2C%5C+tannins%5C+and%5C+so%5C+on.%5C+Their%5C+structures%5C+were%5C+elucidated%5C+by%5C+detailed%5C+spectroscopic%5C+analysis%2C%5C+including%5C+1D%2C%5C+2D%5C+NMR%2C%5C+UV%2C%5C+IR%5C+and%5C+MS%5C+techniques.%5C+In%5C+addition%2C%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+and%5C+bio%5C-activities%5C+researches%5C+on%5C+the%5C+family%5C+Fagaceae%5C+were%5C+summaried.%5C+The%5C+detailed%5C+contents%5C+are%5C+shown%5C+as%5C+following%5C%3A%5C+Chapter%5C+1.%5C+The%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+Pogostemon%5C+cablin.%5C+P.%5C+cablin%5C+belong%5C+to%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Pogostemon%5C+of%5C+Labiatae.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+native%5C+species%5C+of%5C+Philippines%2C%5C+Malaysia%5C+and%5C+India%2C%5C+it%5C+has%5C+been%5C+introduced%5C+into%5C+China%5C+and%5C+cultivated%5C+widely%5C+in%5C+Guangdong%2C%5C+Hainan%2C%5C+Guangxi%2C%5C+Taiwan%5C+and%5C+Yunnan%5C+provinces%5C+of%5C+China.%5C+Thirteen%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+eight%5C+sesquiterpenoids%5C+and%5C+five%5C+flavonoids%2C%5C+were%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+the%5C+methanol%5C+extracts%5C+of%5C+the%5C+P.%5C+cablin.%5C+Of%5C+eight%5C+sesquiterpenoids%2C%5C+four%5C+were%5C+the%5C+new%5C+ones.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+of%5C+this%5C+study%5C+will%5C+provide%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+for%5C+the%5C+further%5C+using%5C+of%5C+the%5C+herb.%5C+Chapter%5C+2.%5C+The%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+Jasminum%5C+sambac.%5C+J.%5C+sambac%5C+is%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+family%5C+Oleaceae.%5C+Its%5C+flowers%5C+have%5C+been%5C+commonly%5C+used%5C+for%5C+smoking%5C+jasmine%5C+tea.%5C+J.%5C+sambac%5C+was%5C+native%5C+to%5C+the%5C+south%5C+and%5C+west%5C+of%5C+China%2C%5C+India%5C+and%5C+Arab.%5C+The%5C+main%5C+growing%5C+place%5C+is%5C+Persian%5C+Gulf.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+chapter%2C%5C+20%5C+compounds%5C+including%5C+one%5C+new%5C+monoterpenes%5C+were%5C+obtained%5C+from%5C+the%5C+flower%5C+of%5C+J.%5C+sambac%5C+after%5C+smoking%5C+tea.%5C+These%5C+constituents%5C+referred%5C+to%5C+monoterpenes%2C%5C+secoiridoids%2C%5C+benzyl%5C+alcohol%5C+derivatives%2C%5C+flavonoids%2C%5C+phenylpropanoids%2C%5C+lignans%2C%5C+tannins%5C+and%5C+so%5C+on.%5C+These%5C+results%5C+will%5C+provide%5C+some%5C+basic%5C+for%5C+further%5C+using%5C+of%5C+this%5C+plant.%5C+Chapter%5C+3.%5C+The%5C+Advance%5C+of%5C+Chemical%5C+Components%5C+and%5C+Bioactivity%5C+of%5C+Fagaceous%5C+Plants%5C+since%5C+1970.%5C+%5C+The%5C+above%5C+research%5C+resulted%5C+three%5C+papers%2C%5C+including%5C+two%5C+research%5C+articles%5C+and%5C+one%5C+review."},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-04-30"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
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