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资助项目
GST, p < 0.01). At the regional level, Chinese and Japanese L. hodgsonii had a similar estimate of genetic diversity (China: Hd = 0.847, HT = 0.869; Japan: Hd = 0.766, HT = 0.867). Populations from China and Japan possess unique sets of haplotypes, and no haplotypes were shared between the regions. Furthermore, both the phyloegenetic and network analyses recovered the haplotypes of China and Japan as two distinct clades. Thus, we suggested the disjunct distribution of L. hodgsonii in China and Japan may present the climatic vicariant relicts of the ancient widely distributed populations. After divergence, this species within each region experienced independent evolutionary process. In China, L. hodgsonii was distributed around the Sichuan Basin. This distribution range can be divided into five regions. They were Jiajin Mountain region, E’mei Mountain region, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, Wushan-Wuling Mountain region and Qinling Mountain region. Twelve haplotypes were indentified within these regions. Each region had its own specific haplotypes, which had different ancestry in the network. We deduced that Chinese L. hodgsonii might survive the LGM in multiple isolated refugia around the Sichuan Basin. In Japan, L. hodgsonii was disjunctively distributed in northern Honshu and Hokkaido. Seven haplotypes were identified within this region. However, the genetic diversity in Honshu (Hd = 0.821) was much higher than that in Hokkaido (Hd = 0.513). And all haplotypes in Hokkaido were derived from Honshu. This haplotype distribution suggested that the northern Honshu could have served as refuge in Japan. Nested clade analysis (NCA) indicated multiple forces including the vicariance and long-distance dispersal affected the disjunctive distribution among populations of L. hodgsonii in Japan.2. The phylogeography of L. tongolensis，Ligularia tongolensis was distributed along the Jinshajiang watershed, Yalongjiang watershed and Wumeng Mountain. In order to deduce the demographic history of this species, we sequenced two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic spacers (trnQ-5’rps16, trnL-rpl32) in 140 individuals from 14 populations of three groups (Jinshajiang vs. Yalongjiang vs. Wumeng) within this species range. High levels of haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.814) and total genetic diversity (HT = 0.862) were detected at the species level, based on a total oftwelve haplotypes identified. However, the intrapopulation diversity (HS = 0.349) was low, which led to the high levels of genetic divergence (GST = 0.595, NST = 0.614, FST = 0.597). In consideration of the speciation of L. tongolensis resulting from the uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), we thought the present genetic structure of L. tongolensis was shaped by the fragmentation of ancestral populations during the courses of QTP uplifts. This was further supported by the absence of IBD tests (r = –0.291, p = 0.964), which suggest that the differentiation had not occurred in accordance with the isolation by distance model. The genetic differentiation in L. tongolensis appears to be associated with historical events. Meanwhile, H2 and H5, the dominant haplotypes that located on internal nodes and deviated from extinct ancestral haplotype in the network, were detected to be shared between Jinshajiang and Yalongjiang groups. We deduced that ancestral populations of this species might have had a continuous distribution range, which was then fragmented and isolated by the following tectonic events. Finally, the ancestral polymorphism, H2 and H5, were randomly allocated in Jinshajiang watershed and Yalongjiang watershed. Meanwhile, H5 was the dominant haplotype in Jinshajiang watershed; H7 was the domiant haplotype in Yalongjiang watershed and Wumeng Mountain. This haplotype distribution pattern indicated that each group might have served as a refuge for L. tongolensis during the Quaternary Glaciation. Postglacial demographic expansion was supported by unimodal mismatch distribution and star-like phylogenies, with expansion ages of 274 ka B. P. for this 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search for new and efficient antitumor drugs from natural products, especially plants, has been the focus of scholars and researchers all over the world. The dissertation composed of four chapters and focused on antitumor drugs of plant origin and plant cyclopeptides research. The first chapter was about the establishment and application of cancer cell line assay. In total, 8835 compounds and 3638 extracts were tested against seven cell lines and the results indicated that 459 compounds and 189 extracts showed cytotoxicities. Based on these results, the plant Rubia yunnanensis (Franch.) Diels, which showed potential activity and has been used as a common herb to treat cancer, was selected for the further study. Chapter two, focused on the studies on chemistry, bioactivities, antitumor mechanism and preliminary pre-clinical research of cyclopeptides in R. yunnanensis. A phytochemical investigation on cyclopeptides constituents from this plant led to the isolation of 18 cyclopeptides, including 2 new ones with novel skeletons and 7 other new ones. The possible biosynthetic pathways for four types of rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides were also proposed. The 18 cyclopeptides were evaluated for their cyctotoxicities against 11 cancer cell lines and the result indicated that these cyclopeptides exhibited strong activities and RA-V showed best activities with IC50 values of approximately 10 nM. Moreover, RA-V was also found to exhibit anti I-type herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) activity for the first time. Thereafter, we carried out research on the antitumor mechanism of RA-V and its glycoside RA-XII. The results showed that they significantly inhibited TNF-α induced NF-κB signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of IκBα was down-regulated by them, which could inhibit the translocation of P65 and NO production in LPS and IFN-γ-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. This is the first time it is being reported that RA-V and RA-XII are new natural NF-κB pathway inhibitors. Furthermore, from the anti-angiogenesis study, RA-V showed strong anti-proliferative activities in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). Further study on its mechanism indicated that RA-V could induce G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis by down-regulation of cell cycle regulatory protein and gene expression in extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (Erk ½) phosphorylation pathway. Moreover, RA-V could inhibit migration and tube formation of HUVEC and HMEC by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase. The third chapter was about the studies on other chemical constituents of R. yunnanensis and their bioactivities. A phytochemical assessment of this plant resulted in the isolation of 68 compounds, including 11 new arborinane-type triterpenoids and 4 new quinones. Subsequently, 61 of them were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three cancer cell lines, anti-Staphylococcus aureus and anti-Candida albicans activities. The results indicated that for the first time the arborinane-type triterpenoids exhibited cytotoxicities and also rubiarbonol G and 2-methyl-1,3,6-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone induced cell apoptosis in Hela cell line. The fourth chapter was a review on chemical constituents and bioactivities of genus Rubia plants. All the above-mentioned research work had laid a good foundation for quality control and multi-component, multi-target drug R&D of R. yunnanensis.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E5%25B8%2582&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+search%5C+for%5C+new%5C+and%5C+efficient%5C+antitumor%5C+drugs%5C+from%5C+natural%5C+products%2C%5C+especially%5C+plants%2C%5C+has%5C+been%5C+the%5C+focus%5C+of%5C+scholars%5C+and%5C+researchers%5C+all%5C+over%5C+the%5C+world.%5C+The%5C+dissertation%5C+composed%5C+of%5C+four%5C+chapters%5C+and%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+antitumor%5C+drugs%5C+of%5C+plant%5C+origin%5C+and%5C+plant%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+research.%5C+The%5C+first%5C+chapter%5C+was%5C+about%5C+the%5C+establishment%5C+and%5C+application%5C+of%5C+cancer%5C+cell%5C+line%5C+assay.%5C+In%5C+total%2C%5C+8835%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+3638%5C+extracts%5C+were%5C+tested%5C+against%5C+seven%5C+cell%5C+lines%5C+and%5C+the%5C+results%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+459%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+189%5C+extracts%5C+showed%5C+cytotoxicities.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+these%5C+results%2C%5C+the%5C+plant%5C+Rubia%5C+yunnanensis%5C+%5C%28Franch.%5C%29%5C+Diels%2C%5C+which%5C+showed%5C+potential%5C+activity%5C+and%5C+has%5C+been%5C+used%5C+as%5C+a%5C+common%5C+herb%5C+to%5C+treat%5C+cancer%2C%5C+was%5C+selected%5C+for%5C+the%5C+further%5C+study.%5C+Chapter%5C+two%2C%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+chemistry%2C%5C+bioactivities%2C%5C+antitumor%5C+mechanism%5C+and%5C+preliminary%5C+pre%5C-clinical%5C+research%5C+of%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+in%5C+R.%5C+yunnanensis.%5C+A%5C+phytochemical%5C+investigation%5C+on%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+this%5C+plant%5C+led%5C+to%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+18%5C+cyclopeptides%2C%5C+including%5C+2%5C+new%5C+ones%5C+with%5C+novel%5C+skeletons%5C+and%5C+7%5C+other%5C+new%5C+ones.%5C+The%5C+possible%5C+biosynthetic%5C+pathways%5C+for%5C+four%5C+types%5C+of%5C+rubiaceae%5C-type%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+were%5C+also%5C+proposed.%5C+The%5C+18%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+their%5C+cyctotoxicities%5C+against%5C+11%5C+cancer%5C+cell%5C+lines%5C+and%5C+the%5C+result%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+these%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+exhibited%5C+strong%5C+activities%5C+and%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+showed%5C+best%5C+activities%5C+with%5C+IC50%5C+values%5C+of%5C+approximately%5C+10%5C+nM.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+was%5C+also%5C+found%5C+to%5C+exhibit%5C+anti%5C+I%5C-type%5C+herpes%5C+simplex%5C+virus%5C+%5C%28HSV%5C-1%5C%29%5C+activity%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time.%5C+Thereafter%2C%5C+we%5C+carried%5C+out%5C+research%5C+on%5C+the%5C+antitumor%5C+mechanism%5C+of%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+and%5C+its%5C+glycoside%5C+RA%5C-XII.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+they%5C+significantly%5C+inhibited%5C+TNF%5C-%CE%B1%5C+induced%5C+NF%5C-%CE%BAB%5C+signaling%5C+pathway.%5C+The%5C+phosphorylation%5C+of%5C+I%CE%BAB%CE%B1%5C+was%5C+down%5C-regulated%5C+by%5C+them%2C%5C+which%5C+could%5C+inhibit%5C+the%5C+translocation%5C+of%5C+P65%5C+and%5C+NO%5C+production%5C+in%5C+LPS%5C+and%5C+IFN%5C-%CE%B3%5C-induced%5C+RAW%5C+264.7%5C+murine%5C+macrophages.%5C+This%5C+is%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%5C+it%5C+is%5C+being%5C+reported%5C+that%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+and%5C+RA%5C-XII%5C+are%5C+new%5C+natural%5C+NF%5C-%CE%BAB%5C+pathway%5C+inhibitors.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+from%5C+the%5C+anti%5C-angiogenesis%5C+study%2C%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+showed%5C+strong%5C+anti%5C-proliferative%5C+activities%5C+in%5C+human%5C+umbilical%5C+vein%5C+endothelial%5C+cells%5C+%5C%28HUVEC%5C%29%5C+and%5C+human%5C+microvascular%5C+endothelial%5C+cells%5C+%5C%28HMEC%5C%29.%5C+Further%5C+study%5C+on%5C+its%5C+mechanism%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+could%5C+induce%5C+G2%5C%2FM%5C+phase%5C+arrest%5C+and%5C+cell%5C+apoptosis%5C+by%5C+down%5C-regulation%5C+of%5C+cell%5C+cycle%5C+regulatory%5C+protein%5C+and%5C+gene%5C+expression%5C+in%5C+extracellular%5C+signal%5C-regulated%5C+kinase%5C+%C2%BD%5C+%5C%28Erk%5C+%C2%BD%5C%29%5C+phosphorylation%5C+pathway.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+could%5C+inhibit%5C+migration%5C+and%5C+tube%5C+formation%5C+of%5C+HUVEC%5C+and%5C+HMEC%5C+by%5C+inhibition%5C+of%5C+matrix%5C+metalloproteinase.%5C+The%5C+third%5C+chapter%5C+was%5C+about%5C+the%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+other%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+and%5C+their%5C+bioactivities.%5C+A%5C+phytochemical%5C+assessment%5C+of%5C+this%5C+plant%5C+resulted%5C+in%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+68%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+11%5C+new%5C+arborinane%5C-type%5C+triterpenoids%5C+and%5C+4%5C+new%5C+quinones.%5C+Subsequently%2C%5C+61%5C+of%5C+them%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+their%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+against%5C+three%5C+cancer%5C+cell%5C+lines%2C%5C+anti%5C-Staphylococcus%5C+aureus%5C+and%5C+anti%5C-Candida%5C+albicans%5C+activities.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%5C+the%5C+arborinane%5C-type%5C+triterpenoids%5C+exhibited%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+and%5C+also%5C+rubiarbonol%5C+G%5C+and%5C+2%5C-methyl%5C-1%2C3%2C6%5C-trihydroxy%5C-9%2C10%5C-anthraquinone%5C+induced%5C+cell%5C+apoptosis%5C+in%5C+Hela%5C+cell%5C+line.%5C+The%5C+fourth%5C+chapter%5C+was%5C+a%5C+review%5C+on%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+genus%5C+Rubia%5C+plants.%5C+All%5C+the%5C+above%5C-mentioned%5C+research%5C+work%5C+had%5C+laid%5C+a%5C+good%5C+foundation%5C+for%5C+quality%5C+control%5C+and%5C+multi%5C-component%2C%5C+multi%5C-target%5C+drug%5C+R%5C%26D%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+yunnanensis."},{"jsname":"This dissertation is composed of four chapters, in which the chemical constituents of three medicinal plants, Abrus precatorius L., Echinops ritro L., and Saussurea laniceps Hand-Mazz. have been phytochemically studied. 150 compounds, including 10 new ones, were isolated from above mentioned three species. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods in conjunction with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and computational methods. Chapter 4 is a review about the chemical constituentsand bioactivities from the plants genus Echinops of the family Compositae. These compounds include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes (including guaiane and eudesmane mainly), triterpenoids, alkaloids, thiophenes, coumarins, steroids, lignans, flavones and its glycosides. A series of guaiane and eudesmane type sesquiterpenes have been isolated from Echinops ritro L., which is the first time in Echinops species. 21 substituted thiophenes (including 4 new ones) have been isolated from it. Some of them exhibited significant anti-microbial activity. As well as, one novel sulf-polyacetylene ester was isolated from Echinops ritro L.. The computational prediction of optical rotation values and 13C NMR chemical shift was attempted to elucidate structure of natural products. A series of sesquiterpenes have been isolated from Saussurea laniceps Hand-Mazz.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E5%25B8%2582&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThis%5C+dissertation%5C+is%5C+composed%5C+of%5C+four%5C+chapters%2C%5C+in%5C+which%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+three%5C+medicinal%5C+plants%2C%5C+Abrus%5C+precatorius%5C+L.%2C%5C+Echinops%5C+ritro%5C+L.%2C%5C+and%5C+Saussurea%5C+laniceps%5C+Hand%5C-Mazz.%5C+have%5C+been%5C+phytochemically%5C+studied.%5C+150%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+10%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+above%5C+mentioned%5C+three%5C+species.%5C+Their%5C+structures%5C+were%5C+established%5C+on%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+extensive%5C+spectroscopic%5C+methods%5C+in%5C+conjunction%5C+with%5C+single%5C-crystal%5C+X%5C-ray%5C+diffraction%5C+analysis%5C+and%5C+computational%5C+methods.%5C+Chapter%5C+4%5C+is%5C+a%5C+review%5C+about%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituentsand%5C+bioactivities%5C+from%5C+the%5C+plants%5C+genus%5C+Echinops%5C+of%5C+the%5C+family%5C+Compositae.%5C+These%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+monoterpenes%2C%5C+sesquiterpenes%5C+%5C%28including%5C+guaiane%5C+and%5C+eudesmane%5C+mainly%5C%29%2C%5C+triterpenoids%2C%5C+alkaloids%2C%5C+thiophenes%2C%5C+coumarins%2C%5C+steroids%2C%5C+lignans%2C%5C+flavones%5C+and%5C+its%5C+glycosides.%5C+A%5C+series%5C+of%5C+guaiane%5C+and%5C+eudesmane%5C+type%5C+sesquiterpenes%5C+have%5C+been%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+Echinops%5C+ritro%5C+L.%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%5C+in%5C+Echinops%5C+species.%5C+21%5C+substituted%5C+thiophenes%5C+%5C%28including%5C+4%5C+new%5C+ones%5C%29%5C+have%5C+been%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+it.%5C+Some%5C+of%5C+them%5C+exhibited%5C+significant%5C+anti%5C-microbial%5C+activity.%5C+As%5C+well%5C+as%2C%5C+one%5C+novel%5C+sulf%5C-polyacetylene%5C+ester%5C+was%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+Echinops%5C+ritro%5C+L..%5C+The%5C+computational%5C+prediction%5C+of%5C+optical%5C+rotation%5C+values%5C+and%5C+13C%5C+NMR%5C+chemical%5C+shift%5C+was%5C+attempted%5C+to%5C+elucidate%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+natural%5C+products.%5C+A%5C+series%5C+of%5C+sesquiterpenes%5C+have%5C+been%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+Saussurea%5C+laniceps%5C+Hand%5C-Mazz."},{"jsname":"This thesis deals with the research work on the chemical constituents of Camellia taliensis, Camellia pachyandra, Camellia oleifera, Metapanax delavayi , Pu-er tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) and one of the dominant microorganisms in the post-fermentation of Pu-er tea, Aspergillus japonicus var. japonicus through the systematic phytochemical methods. By the modern techniques of chromatography, spectroscopy along with chemical degradation methods, 107 compounds were isolated and identified by MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra along with other spectroscopic method along with chemical degradation. The compounds include hydrolysable tannins, flavan-3ols, flavonoid glycosides, triterpene glycosides, simple phenolics and so on, most of which were evaluated by antioxidant or anti-viral activities. Meantime, the HPLC analytical methods were applied to compare the chemical constituents of C. taliensis and C. pachyandra with with those of the cultivated tea, C. sinensis var. assamica. Above all, the detection methods were established for the analysis of tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, caffeine and the main polyphenolic constituents in tea. And finally, the progress of the research work on Pu-er tea was reviewed.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E5%25B8%2582&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThis%5C+thesis%5C+deals%5C+with%5C+the%5C+research%5C+work%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+Camellia%5C+taliensis%2C%5C+Camellia%5C+pachyandra%2C%5C+Camellia%5C+oleifera%2C%5C+Metapanax%5C+delavayi%5C+%2C%5C+Pu%5C-er%5C+tea%5C+%5C%28Camellia%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica%5C%29%5C+and%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+dominant%5C+microorganisms%5C+in%5C+the%5C+post%5C-fermentation%5C+of%5C+Pu%5C-er%5C+tea%2C%5C+Aspergillus%5C+japonicus%5C+var.%5C+japonicus%5C+through%5C+the%5C+systematic%5C+phytochemical%5C+methods.%5C+By%5C+the%5C+modern%5C+techniques%5C+of%5C+chromatography%2C%5C+spectroscopy%5C+along%5C+with%5C+chemical%5C+degradation%5C+methods%2C%5C+107%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+by%5C+MS%2C%5C+1D%5C+and%5C+2D%5C+NMR%5C+spectra%5C+along%5C+with%5C+other%5C+spectroscopic%5C+method%5C+along%5C+with%5C+chemical%5C+degradation.%5C+The%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+hydrolysable%5C+tannins%2C%5C+flavan%5C-3ols%2C%5C+flavonoid%5C+glycosides%2C%5C+triterpene%5C+glycosides%2C%5C+simple%5C+phenolics%5C+and%5C+so%5C+on%2C%5C+most%5C+of%5C+which%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+by%5C+antioxidant%5C+or%5C+anti%5C-viral%5C+activities.%5C+Meantime%2C%5C+the%5C+HPLC%5C+analytical%5C+methods%5C+were%5C+applied%5C+to%5C+compare%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+pachyandra%5C+with%5C+with%5C+those%5C+of%5C+the%5C+cultivated%5C+tea%2C%5C+C.%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica.%5C+Above%5C+all%2C%5C+the%5C+detection%5C+methods%5C+were%5C+established%5C+for%5C+the%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+tea%5C+polyphenols%2C%5C+tea%5C+polysaccharides%2C%5C+caffeine%5C+and%5C+the%5C+main%5C+polyphenolic%5C+constituents%5C+in%5C+tea.%5C+And%5C+finally%2C%5C+the%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+the%5C+research%5C+work%5C+on%5C+Pu%5C-er%5C+tea%5C+was%5C+reviewed."},{"jsname":"This thesis is composed of five chapters.The first chapter describes chemical constituents from the leaves and twigs of Elaeagnus lanceolata. Nineteen compounds were isolated and identified, incl-uding a new compound, isoamericanol B (1), and 18 known compounds, 6-hy-droxy-3, 4-dihydro-1-oxo-β-carboline (2), 2α-hydroxy-ursolic acid (3), 2α, 23-dih-ydroxy-ursolic acid (4), maslinic acid (5), vomifoliol (6), roseoside (7), syringa-resinol (8), clemaphenol A (9), japonica acid (10), lutein (11), trilobatin (12), 3-phenyl-1-(2'', 6''-dihydroxy-phenyl-4''-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-propanone (13), n-aringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (14), vitexin (8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl apigeni-n) (15), 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl chrysin (16), isorhamnetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyra-nosyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (18) a-nd kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6''''-O-trans-p-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside (19). Compou-nds 2-17 were isolated from this plant for the first time.The second chapter describes chemical constituents from the leaves and twi-gs of Gardenia sootepensis. Seven compounds were isolated and identified, incl-uding oleanolic acid (1), coronalolide methyl ester (2), sootepin D (3), sootepi-n F (4), sootepin G (5), sootepin H (6) and sootepin I (7). 4-7 are new com-pounds.The third chapter describes chemical constituents from the fruits of Gardeni-a jasminoides. Eight compounds were isolated. These compounds were identifi-ed to be jasminodiol (1), syringaresinol (2), methyl α-D-fructofuranoside (3), cl-ethric acid (4), geniposide(5), diethylhexylphthalate (6), 5'', 7''-octadecadienoic acid, 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl ester (7) and ursolic acid (8).The forth chapter describes chemical constituents from the root of Iris pseu-dacorus. Four compounds were isolated and identified, including 5α, 8α-epidio-xyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol (1), ayamenin B (2), 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid (3) and β-sitosterol (4).The fifth chapter reviewed the recent progress on seco-cycloartane triterpene studies, their structure types, distribution, and biological activities were described.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E5%25B8%2582&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThis%5C+thesis%5C+is%5C+composed%5C+of%5C+five%5C+chapters.The%5C+first%5C+chapter%5C+describes%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+the%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+twigs%5C+of%5C+Elaeagnus%5C+lanceolata.%5C+Nineteen%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%2C%5C+incl%5C-uding%5C+a%5C+new%5C+compound%2C%5C+isoamericanol%5C+B%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%2C%5C+and%5C+18%5C+known%5C+compounds%2C%5C+6%5C-hy%5C-droxy%5C-3%2C%5C+4%5C-dihydro%5C-1%5C-oxo%5C-%CE%B2%5C-carboline%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%2C%5C+2%CE%B1%5C-hydroxy%5C-ursolic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%283%5C%29%2C%5C+2%CE%B1%2C%5C+23%5C-dih%5C-ydroxy%5C-ursolic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%284%5C%29%2C%5C+maslinic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%285%5C%29%2C%5C+vomifoliol%5C+%5C%286%5C%29%2C%5C+roseoside%5C+%5C%287%5C%29%2C%5C+syringa%5C-resinol%5C+%5C%288%5C%29%2C%5C+clemaphenol%5C+A%5C+%5C%289%5C%29%2C%5C+japonica%5C+acid%5C+%5C%2810%5C%29%2C%5C+lutein%5C+%5C%2811%5C%29%2C%5C+trilobatin%5C+%5C%2812%5C%29%2C%5C+3%5C-phenyl%5C-1%5C-%5C%282%27%27%2C%5C+6%27%27%5C-dihydroxy%5C-phenyl%5C-4%27%27%5C-O%5C-%CE%B2%5C-D%5C-glucopyranosyl%5C%29%5C-1%5C-propanone%5C+%5C%2813%5C%29%2C%5C+n%5C-aringenin%5C-7%5C-O%5C-%CE%B2%5C-D%5C-glucopyranoside%5C+%5C%2814%5C%29%2C%5C+vitexin%5C+%5C%288%5C-C%5C-%CE%B2%5C-D%5C-glucopyranosyl%5C+apigeni%5C-n%5C%29%5C+%5C%2815%5C%29%2C%5C+7%5C-O%5C-%CE%B2%5C-D%5C-glucopyranosyl%5C+chrysin%5C+%5C%2816%5C%29%2C%5C+isorhamnetin%5C+3%5C-O%5C-%CE%B1%5C-L%5C-rhamnopyra%5C-nosyl%5C-7%5C-O%5C-%CE%B2%5C-D%5C-glucopyranoside%5C+%5C%2817%5C%29%2C%5C+kaempferol%5C-3%5C-O%5C-%CE%B2%5C-D%5C-glucopyranoside%5C+%5C%2818%5C%29%5C+a%5C-nd%5C+kaempferol%5C-3%5C-O%5C-%CE%B2%5C-D%5C-%5C%286%27%27%27%27%5C-O%5C-trans%5C-p%5C-coumaroyl%5C%29%5C+glucopyranoside%5C+%5C%2819%5C%29.%5C+Compou%5C-nds%5C+2%5C-17%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+this%5C+plant%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time.The%5C+second%5C+chapter%5C+describes%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+the%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+twi%5C-gs%5C+of%5C+Gardenia%5C+sootepensis.%5C+Seven%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%2C%5C+incl%5C-uding%5C+oleanolic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%2C%5C+coronalolide%5C+methyl%5C+ester%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%2C%5C+sootepin%5C+D%5C+%5C%283%5C%29%2C%5C+sootepi%5C-n%5C+F%5C+%5C%284%5C%29%2C%5C+sootepin%5C+G%5C+%5C%285%5C%29%2C%5C+sootepin%5C+H%5C+%5C%286%5C%29%5C+and%5C+sootepin%5C+I%5C+%5C%287%5C%29.%5C+4%5C-7%5C+are%5C+new%5C+com%5C-pounds.The%5C+third%5C+chapter%5C+describes%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+the%5C+fruits%5C+of%5C+Gardeni%5C-a%5C+jasminoides.%5C+Eight%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated.%5C+These%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+identifi%5C-ed%5C+to%5C+be%5C+jasminodiol%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%2C%5C+syringaresinol%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%2C%5C+methyl%5C+%CE%B1%5C-D%5C-fructofuranoside%5C+%5C%283%5C%29%2C%5C+cl%5C-ethric%5C+acid%5C+%5C%284%5C%29%2C%5C+geniposide%5C%285%5C%29%2C%5C+diethylhexylphthalate%5C+%5C%286%5C%29%2C%5C+5%27%27%2C%5C+7%27%27%5C-octadecadienoic%5C+acid%2C%5C+2%2C%5C+3%5C-dihydroxypropyl%5C+ester%5C+%5C%287%5C%29%5C+and%5C+ursolic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%288%5C%29.The%5C+forth%5C+chapter%5C+describes%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+the%5C+root%5C+of%5C+Iris%5C+pseu%5C-dacorus.%5C+Four%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%2C%5C+including%5C+5%CE%B1%2C%5C+8%CE%B1%5C-epidio%5C-xyergosta%5C-6%2C%5C+22%5C-dien%5C-3%CE%B2%5C-ol%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%2C%5C+ayamenin%5C+B%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%2C%5C+2%5C-hydroxy%5C-benzoic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%283%5C%29%5C+and%5C+%CE%B2%5C-sitosterol%5C+%5C%284%5C%29.The%5C+fifth%5C+chapter%5C+reviewed%5C+the%5C+recent%5C+progress%5C+on%5C+seco%5C-cycloartane%5C+triterpene%5C+studies%2C%5C+their%5C+structure%5C+types%2C%5C+distribution%2C%5C+and%5C+biological%5C+activities%5C+were%5C+described."},{"jsname":"Xiaozhongdian, a town of Shangri-la County, Diqing Prefecture, was chosen as the main field site for studying the structure and characters of traditional agricultural ecosystem, by using approaches of ethnobotany, cultural anthropology and ecology. Combined with interviewing exercises in Hanpi village, Jiantang Township, this paper also discussed the impact of traditional management on the biocultural diversity. The results showed: Traditional agroecosystem in Shangri-la is an integrated system with three subsystems, which are farming, forest and grazing subsystem. The seasonal shifting grazing activity in Shangri-la, following the natural season change and the recover process of plants, is a sustainable management that protects the local biodiversity. However, along with the decay of shifting grazing tradition recently, the local Tibetans turned to use grass land and forest which is close to villages as the main grazing lands. It increased the pasturing pressure to these areas and caused productivity decreasing and biodiversity. As a symbolic part of Tibetan culture in Shangri-la, the sacred mountain culture has played a significant role in biodiversity conservation by restricting human’s behavior. The Tibetan traditional culture, indigenous knowledge and traditional ecosystem management in Shangri-la has contributed to the biodiversity conservation in this area. However, this research indicated that under the pressure of mainstream culture and market economy, traditional knowledge is vanishing; old crop land races are decreasing; diverse land use management is inclining to be single and seasonal shifting grazing tradition is fading away. The change of diversity to singularity might cause some negative impacts on the local environment and ecosystem. In this paper, advices were also given on how to combine Tibetan traditional knowledge and management experiences into sustainable development of modern agriculture. In this thesis, genetic diversity of Musella lasiocarpa (Franch.) C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li, a plant endemic to southwest China, was also discussed through the approach of SSR markers. The wild populations of M. lasiocarpa are very rare now due to the habitat fragment and long time human’s disturbance. By conducting broad field investigation, we have found 5 wild populations near the boarder of Yunnan and Sichuan province. Seventeen microsatellite markers were isolated from M. lasiocarpa by using FIASCO method. 8 primers were selected to do the further genetic population structure and genetic diversity analysis. The results showed that genetic diversity of M. lasiocarpa’s wild populations is higher than cultivated populations. The genetic diversity difference between wild and cultivated populations is related to the different reproduction systems. Adopting the way of asexuality reproduction, the genetic basis of cultivated populations become narrow that decrease the genetic diversity. AMOVA analysis showed that 37.19% genetic differentiation is among populations and 62.81% is within population. Genetic differentiation among different populations is related to the limited gene communication. POPGENE analysis indicated that there is very little gene flow among different populations (0.4916), which is the main reason of high genetic differentiation among M. lasiocarpa populations.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E5%25B8%2582&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AXiaozhongdian%2C%5C+a%5C+town%5C+of%5C+Shangri%5C-la%5C+County%2C%5C+Diqing%5C+Prefecture%2C%5C+was%5C+chosen%5C+as%5C+the%5C+main%5C+field%5C+site%5C+for%5C+studying%5C+the%5C+structure%5C+and%5C+characters%5C+of%5C+traditional%5C+agricultural%5C+ecosystem%2C%5C+by%5C+using%5C+approaches%5C+of%5C+ethnobotany%2C%5C+cultural%5C+anthropology%5C+and%5C+ecology.%5C+Combined%5C+with%5C+interviewing%5C+exercises%5C+in%5C+Hanpi%5C+village%2C%5C+Jiantang%5C+Township%2C%5C+this%5C+paper%5C+also%5C+discussed%5C+the%5C+impact%5C+of%5C+traditional%5C+management%5C+on%5C+the%5C+biocultural%5C+diversity.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C%3A%5C+Traditional%5C+agroecosystem%5C+in%5C+Shangri%5C-la%5C+is%5C+an%5C+integrated%5C+system%5C+with%5C+three%5C+subsystems%2C%5C+which%5C+are%5C+farming%2C%5C+forest%5C+and%5C+grazing%5C+subsystem.%5C+The%5C+seasonal%5C+shifting%5C+grazing%5C+activity%5C+in%5C+Shangri%5C-la%2C%5C+following%5C+the%5C+natural%5C+season%5C+change%5C+and%5C+the%5C+recover%5C+process%5C+of%5C+plants%2C%5C+is%5C+a%5C+sustainable%5C+management%5C+that%5C+protects%5C+the%5C+local%5C+biodiversity.%5C+However%2C%5C+along%5C+with%5C+the%5C+decay%5C+of%5C+shifting%5C+grazing%5C+tradition%5C+recently%2C%5C+the%5C+local%5C+Tibetans%5C+turned%5C+to%5C+use%5C+grass%5C+land%5C+and%5C+forest%5C+which%5C+is%5C+close%5C+to%5C+villages%5C+as%5C+the%5C+main%5C+grazing%5C+lands.%5C+It%5C+increased%5C+the%5C+pasturing%5C+pressure%5C+to%5C+these%5C+areas%5C+and%5C+caused%5C+productivity%5C+decreasing%5C+and%5C+biodiversity.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+symbolic%5C+part%5C+of%5C+Tibetan%5C+culture%5C+in%5C+Shangri%5C-la%2C%5C+the%5C+sacred%5C+mountain%5C+culture%5C+has%5C+played%5C+a%5C+significant%5C+role%5C+in%5C+biodiversity%5C+conservation%5C+by%5C+restricting%5C+human%E2%80%99s%5C+behavior.%5C+The%5C+Tibetan%5C+traditional%5C+culture%2C%5C+indigenous%5C+knowledge%5C+and%5C+traditional%5C+ecosystem%5C+management%5C+in%5C+Shangri%5C-la%5C+has%5C+contributed%5C+to%5C+the%5C+biodiversity%5C+conservation%5C+in%5C+this%5C+area.%5C+However%2C%5C+this%5C+research%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+under%5C+the%5C+pressure%5C+of%5C+mainstream%5C+culture%5C+and%5C+market%5C+economy%2C%5C+traditional%5C+knowledge%5C+is%5C+vanishing%5C%3B%5C+old%5C+crop%5C+land%5C+races%5C+are%5C+decreasing%5C%3B%5C+diverse%5C+land%5C+use%5C+management%5C+is%5C+inclining%5C+to%5C+be%5C+single%5C+and%5C+seasonal%5C+shifting%5C+grazing%5C+tradition%5C+is%5C+fading%5C+away.%5C+The%5C+change%5C+of%5C+diversity%5C+to%5C+singularity%5C+might%5C+cause%5C+some%5C+negative%5C+impacts%5C+on%5C+the%5C+local%5C+environment%5C+and%5C+ecosystem.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+paper%2C%5C+advices%5C+were%5C+also%5C+given%5C+on%5C+how%5C+to%5C+combine%5C+Tibetan%5C+traditional%5C+knowledge%5C+and%5C+management%5C+experiences%5C+into%5C+sustainable%5C+development%5C+of%5C+modern%5C+agriculture.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+thesis%2C%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+of%5C+Musella%5C+lasiocarpa%5C+%5C%28Franch.%5C%29%5C+C.%5C+Y.%5C+Wu%5C+ex%5C+H.%5C+W.%5C+Li%2C%5C+a%5C+plant%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+southwest%5C+China%2C%5C+was%5C+also%5C+discussed%5C+through%5C+the%5C+approach%5C+of%5C+SSR%5C+markers.%5C+The%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+M.%5C+lasiocarpa%5C+are%5C+very%5C+rare%5C+now%5C+due%5C+to%5C+the%5C+habitat%5C+fragment%5C+and%5C+long%5C+time%5C+human%E2%80%99s%5C+disturbance.%5C+By%5C+conducting%5C+broad%5C+field%5C+investigation%2C%5C+we%5C+have%5C+found%5C+5%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+near%5C+the%5C+boarder%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%5C+and%5C+Sichuan%5C+province.%5C+Seventeen%5C+microsatellite%5C+markers%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+M.%5C+lasiocarpa%5C+by%5C+using%5C+FIASCO%5C+method.%5C+8%5C+primers%5C+were%5C+selected%5C+to%5C+do%5C+the%5C+further%5C+genetic%5C+population%5C+structure%5C+and%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+analysis.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+of%5C+M.%5C+lasiocarpa%E2%80%99s%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+is%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+cultivated%5C+populations.%5C+The%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+difference%5C+between%5C+wild%5C+and%5C+cultivated%5C+populations%5C+is%5C+related%5C+to%5C+the%5C+different%5C+reproduction%5C+systems.%5C+Adopting%5C+the%5C+way%5C+of%5C+asexuality%5C+reproduction%2C%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+cultivated%5C+populations%5C+become%5C+narrow%5C+that%5C+decrease%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+diversity.%5C+AMOVA%5C+analysis%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+37.19%25%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+is%5C+among%5C+populations%5C+and%5C+62.81%25%5C+is%5C+within%5C+population.%5C+Genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+among%5C+different%5C+populations%5C+is%5C+related%5C+to%5C+the%5C+limited%5C+gene%5C+communication.%5C+POPGENE%5C+analysis%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+there%5C+is%5C+very%5C+little%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+among%5C+different%5C+populations%5C+%5C%280.4916%5C%29%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+the%5C+main%5C+reason%5C+of%5C+high%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+among%5C+M.%5C+lasiocarpa%5C+populations."},{"jsname":"项目1","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E5%25B8%2582&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3A%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE1"},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-04-25"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
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