Why are the inner and outer sides of many flower petals differently coloured?

doi:10.1111/plb.13680

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	Why are the inner and outer sides of many flower petals differently coloured?
	Fan, X. -q.; Trunschke, J.; Ren, Z. -x.; Wang, H.; Pyke, G. H.; van Der Kooi, C. J.; Lunau, K.
	2024
发表期刊	PLANT BIOLOGY
ISSN	1435-8603
卷号	26 期号:5 页码:665-674
摘要	The flower perianth has various, non-mutually exclusive functions, such as visual signalling to pollinators and protecting the reproductive organs from the elements and from florivores, but how different perianth structures and their different sides play a role in these functions is unclear. Intriguingly, in many species there is a clear colour difference between the different sides of the perianth, with colour patterns or pigmentation present on only one side. Any adaptive benefit from such colour asymmetry is unclear, as is how the asymmetry evolved. In this viewpoint paper, we address the phenomenon of flowers with differently coloured inner and outer perianth sides, focusing on petals of erect flowers. Guided by existing literature and our own observations, we delineate three non-mutually exclusive evolutionary hypotheses that may explain the factors underlying differently coloured perianth sides. The pollen-protection hypothesis predicts that the outer side of petals contributes to protect pollen against UV radiation, especially during the bud stage. The herbivore-avoidance hypothesis predicts that the outer side of petals reduces the flower's visibility to herbivores. The signalling-to-pollinators hypothesis predicts that flower colours evolve to increase conspicuousness to pollinators. The pollen-protection hypothesis, the herbivore-avoidance hypothesis, and the signalling-to-pollinators hypothesis generate largely but not entirely overlapping predictions about the colour of the inner and outer side of the petals. Field and laboratory research is necessary to disentangle the main drivers and adaptive significance of inner-outer petal side colour asymmetry.
DOI	10.1111/plb.13680
WOS记录号	WOS:001256572700001
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/76393
专题	中国科学院昆明植物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Fan, X. -q.,Trunschke, J.,Ren, Z. -x.,et al. Why are the inner and outer sides of many flower petals differently coloured?[J]. PLANT BIOLOGY,2024,26(5):665-674.
APA	Fan, X. -q..,Trunschke, J..,Ren, Z. -x..,Wang, H..,Pyke, G. H..,...&Lunau, K..(2024).Why are the inner and outer sides of many flower petals differently coloured?.PLANT BIOLOGY,26(5),665-674.
MLA	Fan, X. -q.,et al."Why are the inner and outer sides of many flower petals differently coloured?".PLANT BIOLOGY 26.5(2024):665-674.

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