云南薹草属（Carex）分类修订及植物地理学研究

	云南薹草属（Carex）分类修订及植物地理学研究
	李园园
导师	彭华
关键词	薹草属，嵩草属，形态学研究，分类修订，植物区系 Carex, Kobresia, Morphological Study, Taxonomic Revision, Flora
摘要	莎草科薹草属（Carex L.）是被子植物分类尤其困难类群之一，全世界共2000多种，我国分布有600种左右，云南记录约170种，占国产类群的近1/3。薹草属是云南植物区系重要的组成部分，分布范围广，尤其在高海拔地区是常见的草地植物，具有重要的生态和经济利用价值。本研究对云南的薹草属植物开展了形态学和植物地理学研究，并结合最新的分子系统学研究结果进行了全面的分类修订。主要研究内容和结果如下： 1. 查阅涉及云南和中国的薹草属模式标本（照片）1180余份以及产自云南的标本（照片）5000余份，搜集云南薹草属植物名称的相关原始文献和研究材料，结合标本查阅对原白部分进行回溯和特征比对。对云南的16个州市近40个县（地级市）进行实地野外考察，新采集云南省薹草属植物标本340号，同时采集对应的分子材料，并拍摄生境、植株、花序等特征的野外照片。 2. 对云南薹草属30个组（Clade）53种的果囊和小坚果开展了观察测量以及显微形态学研究，结果显示果囊的横切面形状、帽状结构和小坚果棱和面部的凹陷情况在组（Clade）一级具有较为重要的分类学价值；果囊形状、表皮附属物、脉、喙口形态、柄和小坚果的形状在亚属和组（Clade）间具有一定的分类学价值；以上形态和小坚果的表皮细胞特征在物种鉴定方面具有重要意义。相比最新的基于分子系统学研究结果对各组（Clade）的划分，果囊和小坚果的形态学特征支持原尖苞薹草组的小薹草Carex parva Nees和尖苞薹草C. microglochin Wahl.仍划分在一个分支中；长穗柄薹草C. longipes D. Don仍置于细柄薹草组C. sect. Graciles中。 3. 结合最新分子系统学研究结果对云南薹草属进行了分类修订，确认云南目前有薹草属植物191种，可划分为4亚属39组（Clade），主要分类学研究结果包括：（1）发现和发表了产于云南的薹草属新种1个：Carex malipoensis Yuan Y. Li & H. Peng，该种在此前被错误鉴定为棕叶薹草C. kucyniakii Raymond、隐穗柄薹草C. courtallensis Nees ex Boott或菰叶薹草C. zizaniifolia Raymond。（2）发现薹草属云南省新纪录19种：葱状薹草Carex alliiformis C. B. Clarke、阿齐薹草C. argyi H. Lév. et Vaniot、线叶嵩草C. capillifolia (Decne.) S.R. Zhang、狭囊薹草C. cruenta Nees、隐穗薹草C. cryptostachys Brongn.、密丛薹草C. densicaespitosa L.K. Dai、贵州薹草C. esquiroliana H. Lév.、川东薹草C. fargesii Franch.、穹隆薹草C. gibba Wahlenb.、疏果薹草C. hebecarpa C. A. Mey.、印度薹草C. indica L.、狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya Steud.、金佛山薹草C. jinfoshanensis Tang et F.T. Wang ex S. Yun Liang、长密花穗薹草C. longispiculata Y.C. Yang、秀丽薹草C. munda Boott、华芒鳞薹草C. sinoaristata Tang et F.T. Wang ex L.K. Dai、柄果薹草C. stipitinux C.B. Clarke ex Franch.、糙芒薹草C. teres Boott和遵义薹草C. zunyiensis Tang et F.T. Wang。（3）纠正1个名称拼写错误：双柏薹草Carex shuangbaiensis L.K. Dai（蔡希陶 58894，1934.10.21），种加词的拼写应为笔误，应更正为上帕薹草C. shangpaensis L.K. Dai。（4）恢复前人归并的种3个：安宁薹草Carex anningensis F.T. Wang et Tang ex P.C. Li、明亮薹草C. laeta Boott和中甸薹草C. anomoea Hand.-Mazz.。（5）处理1个名称为异名：即将Carex melinacra var. changningensis S.Y. Liang归并至C. melinacra Franch.。（6）将8种列为存疑：广东薹草Carex adrienii E.G. Camus芒鳞薹草、C. aristatisquamata Tang et Wang ex L.K. Dai、帕米尔薹草C. pamirica (O. Fedtsch.) B. Fedtsch.、硕果薹草C. phaenocarpa Franch.、硬毛薹草C. plectobasis V. I. Kreczetowicz、沙生薹草C. praeclara Nelmes、根花薹草C. radiciflora Dunn和垂果薹草C. recurvisaccus T. Koyama。基于最新修订的云南薹草属名录，本论文对其进行了区系研究，首次探索了Ⅰ型分布区类型（世界分布）的属下区系意义，结果表明云南薹草属植物多样性最高的地区是西北部；云南省薹草属植物区系可划分为8个类型和20个变型，以温带性质的种为主导并存在较多特有种；研究结果显示云南与中国—喜马拉雅森林植物亚区的关系非常密切。; As one of the most taxonomically problematic genera, Carex L. (Cyperaceae) comprises ca. 2000 species worldwide. About 600 species of Carex have been reported from China and ca. 170 species from Yunnan. Carex plays an important role in the flora of Yunnan. Species of this genus are widely distributed in Yunnan, and they are important components of grasslands at high altitude and of great ecological and economical value. In this study, morphologyical and phytogeographic studies of Carex in Yunnan were carried out. Combining with the latest molecular phylogenetic advances, taxonomic revision of Carex in Yunnan were conducted. Our main results are as follows: 1. More than 5000 specimens or photos which collected from Yunnan Province and 1180 type specimens or photos of Carex have been checked. Meanwhile, extensive literatures, especially protologues of published names related to species in Yunnan were collated and reviewed. Moreover, a total of 340 collections of specimens with DNA materials of Carex were newly collected during field investigations in Yunnan. 2. Morphological study on perigynium and achenes of 53 species from 30 sections (clades) of Carex was conducted. The results revealed that the transection of perigynium, the cap structure, and the concave of achenes have important taxonomic value in the classification of sections. The shape, epidermal appurtenances, veins, structure of beak orifice, and stipe of perigynium, along with the shape of achenes were shown to be taxonomically valuable in the classification of subgenera and sections. All above characteristics and morphology of epidermal cells of achenes are of great significance in the species identification. Compared with the latest framework of Carex based on molecular phylogenetic studies, the morphology of fruits supported Carex parva Nees and C. microglochia Wahl. being placed in the same Clade, and C. longipes D. Don being placed in C. sect. Graciles. 3. Taxonomic revision of Carex from Yunnan was carried out based on above results and the latest molecular phylogenetic studies. A total of 191 species of Carex, belonging to four subgenera and 39 sections (clades), can be recognized in Yunnan. Detailed revisions are as follows: (1) One new species from southeast Yunnan was discovered and described, Carex malipoensis Yuan Y. Li & H. Peng. The species has previously been identified as C kucyniakii Raymond, C. courtallensis Nees ex Boott or C. zizaniifolia Raymond. (2) Nineteen species are newly recorded from Yunnan, i.e. Carex alliiformis C. B. Clarke, C. argyi H. Lév. et Vaniot, C. capillifolia (Decne.) S.R. Zhang, C. cruenta Nees, C. cryptostachys Brongn., C. densicaespitosa L.K. Dai, C. esquiroliana H. Lév., C. fargesii Franch., C. gibba Wahlenb., C. hebecarpa C. A. Mey., C. indica L., C. ischnostachya Steud., C. jinfoshanensis Tang et F.T. Wang ex S. Yun Liang, C. longispiculata Y.C. Yang, C. munda Boott, C. sinoaristata Tang et F.T. Wang ex L.K. Dai, C. stipitinux C.B. Clarke ex
语种	中文
	2022-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75157
专题	昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李园园. 云南薹草属（Carex）分类修订及植物地理学研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
李园园-李园园-博士学位论文9fac96（46538KB）	学位论文		限制开放	CC BY-NC-SA	请求全文