唇形科野芝麻亚科的叶绿体系统发育基因组学研究

	唇形科野芝麻亚科的叶绿体系统发育基因组学研究
	武忆雯
导师	向春雷
关键词	野芝麻亚科，刺蕊草族，假野芝麻属，糙苏族，分子系统学 Lamioideae, Pogostemoneae, Paralamium, Phlomideae, molecular phylogenetic study.
摘要	野芝麻亚科为唇形科第二大亚科，共 61 属约 1260 种。该亚科全球广布，主要分布于欧亚大陆温带至亚热带和非洲地区。近年来，尽管该亚科的分类与系统学研究取得了很大的进展，但仍存在一些问题亟待解决，如亚科内各族的界限不确定、一些族内各属的演化关系不清、以及一些单型属（假野芝麻属、箭叶水苏属和短唇沙穗属）在该亚科中族的系统归属未知等等。为解决上述问题，本论文通过全面取样，基于浅层测序技术，完成了野芝麻亚科的叶绿体系统发育基因组学研究。一、假野芝麻属的系统学研究。采用“两步走”的策略，澄清了假野芝麻属的系统学位置及其与近缘属的演化关系。第一步利用 79 个叶绿体蛋白编码基因序列，重建了唇形科系统发育关系，确定假野芝麻属隶属于野芝麻亚科刺蕊草族。第二步，对刺蕊草族全面取样，利用五个叶绿体 DNA 片段（matK 、 rps16 、 rbcL 、 trnH-psbA 、trnL-trnF）和核糖体 DNA 片段（nrITS），并结合小坚果形态特征，对该族进行全面的系统学研究。主要结果如下： 1. 首次利用分子系统学证据，明确了假野芝麻属是刺蕊草族的成员且与单型属簇序草属互为姐妹群。这一演化关系也得到了形态学证据的支持，如二者具有野芝麻亚科最小的花粉粒；小坚果均为近球形，表面具光泽，外壁为网状纹饰等。 2. 重新界定了刺蕊草族的界限，明确该族共包括 12 个属，小坚果形态是该族内划分属的重要形态依据之一。二、野芝麻亚科的叶绿体系统发育基因组学研究。基于基因组浅层测序技术，获得了野芝麻亚科 60 属 157 个代表物种的叶绿体基因组数据，并结合 61 属 683个物种的 matK 、 rps16 、 rbcL 、 trnL intron 、 trnL-F spacer 五个叶绿体基因片段，在属级水平上重建了该亚科的系统发育关系。主要结果如下： 1. 野芝麻亚科植物的叶绿体基因组为典型的四分体结构，即包含一个大单拷贝区，一个小单拷贝区和一对反向重复区。全基因组长度介于 149,452 bp（Stachys laetevirens）到 153,251 bp（Melittis melissophyllum 1）不等。GC 含量差异较小，在38.2%到 38.7%之间变化。叶绿体基因组的编码基因在组成和顺序上比较保守，未发现倒位和移位现象，且都包含可编码基因 114 个。 2. 箭叶水苏属与短唇沙穗属均为糙苏族成员，结合形态学证据，二者应并入草糙苏属。除宝座苏属外，野芝麻亚科可划分至 13 个族；宝座苏属与欧夏至草族关系紧密，但形态却高度特化，或应独立成族。此外，该亚科还有九个属不是单系，其界限需要进一步明确，即水苏属、毒马草属、覆叶苏属、檀岛苏属、波斯铁茶属、益母草属、夏至草属、绣球防风属和狮耳草属。本研究基于叶绿体基因组数据，在属级水平上重建了野芝麻亚科的系统发育关系，明确了假野芝麻属、箭叶水苏属和短唇沙穗属的系统位置，全面阐明了野芝麻亚科各族间的系统演化关系，为后续开展该亚科的形态性状演化、生物地理学研究等奠定了坚实的基础，同时对唇形科其它亚科，乃至唇形目的系统学研究具有较为重要的借鉴意义。; Lamioideae, comprising 61 genera and 1260 species, is the second-largest subfamily within Lamiaceae. Speices of Lamioideae are widely distributed around the world, but mainly in temperate and subtropical regions of Eurasia and Africa. Recently, tremendous progress has been made in Lamioideae phylogenetics, but some problems remain to be solved. For example, circumscription of some tribes and phylogenetic relationships among genera are unclear; phylogenetic positions of some monotypic genera, such as Paralamium, Metastachydium, and Pseudomarrubium, are still unsolved in Lamioideae. In order to resolve those problems, we conducted a platsome phylogenomics study of Lamioideae by comprehensive sampling and skimming technology. Systematic study of the monotypic genus Paralamium. We used a two-step analysis to identify the systematic position of Paralamium and the phylogenetic relationships of this genus and related genera. For the first step analysis, seventy-nine plastid proteincoding genes were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic framework of Lamiaceae. As a result, Paralamium has affinities with tribe Pogostemoneae of Lamioideae. In the second step analysis, we expanded the sampling of Pogostemoneae, and five chloroplast DNA markers (matK, rps16, rbcL, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF) and ribosomal DNA fragments (nrITS) were selected to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationship of Pogostemoneae. In addition, we investigated the nutlet morphology of some species within this tribe. The following research results are gained: 1. The phylogenetic position of Paralamium was clarified for the first time based on molecular data. As a result, Paralamium is sister to the monotypic genus Craniotome within Pogostemoneae, and some morphological characters also support the sister relationship. For example, both genera have the smallest pollen grains within Lamioideae, and nutlets are subspheric and glossy, and have reticulate ornamentation on the surface. 2. Tribe Pogostemoneae was redefined to comprise 12 genera, and nutlet morphology is an important character for establishing the classification system within the tribe. Molecular phylogenomic analyses of Lamioideae. Using the genome skimming technology, plastomes of 157 taxa representing 60 genera were obtained. In addition, five chloroplast DNA regions (matK, rps16, rbcL, trnL intron and trnL-F spacer) of 683 taxa representing all genera of Lamioideae were also used to reconstruct the phylogeny of Lamoideae. This study provided the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study of Lamioideae at the genus level. The following research results are obtained: 1. All sequenced plastomes of Lamioideae displayed the typical quadripartite structure, consisting of a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions separated by the LSC and SSC regions. The genome size of the plastome ranged from 149,452 bp (Stachys laetevirens) to 153,251 bp (Melittis melissophyllum 1), the GC content was similar among different gener
语种	中文
	2022-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75109
专题	昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	武忆雯. 唇形科野芝麻亚科的叶绿体系统发育基因组学研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022.

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