Fermentation Blues: Analyzing the Microbiota of Traditional Indigo Vat Dyeing in Hunan, China

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01663-22

	Fermentation Blues: Analyzing the Microbiota of Traditional Indigo Vat Dyeing in Hunan, China
	Li, Shan 1,2; Shi, Yuru 2; Huang, Hui 2; Tong, Yan 2; Wu, Shaohua 1; Wang, Yuhua2
通讯作者	Wu, Shaohua(shwu123@126.com) ; Wang, Yuhua(wangyuhua@mail.kib.ac.cn)
	2022-06-16
发表期刊	MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
ISSN	2165-0497
页码	14
摘要	Chemical reducing agents included in modern indigo dyeing to initiate indigo reduction can be harmful to both human health and the environment. Given that traditional indigo dyeing involves natural fermentation in a dye vat using natural organic additives without the use of toxic chemicals and that changes in the microbiota during traditional indigo fermentation potently affect the onset of indigo reduction, elucidation of these microbial community transitions could help develop methods to control the initiation of indigo reduction. Traditional indigo dyeing through anaerobic fermentation has recently gained worldwide attention in efforts to address concerns regarding the sustainability of industrial indigo dyeing and the impact of toxic reducing agents such as sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) on human health and the ecological environment. Intriguingly, changes in the microbiota during indigo fermentation are known to potently affect the onset of indigo reduction, and thus elucidation of the microbial community transitions could help develop methods to control the initiation of indigo reduction. Here, we investigated the microbiota associated with the traditional indigo dyeing practiced in Hunan, China. Specifically, we identified the bacterial and fungal components of the microbiota at distinct stages in the indigo fermentation process by analyzing 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer sequences. Our analyses revealed two substantial changes in the microbiota during the traditional indigo fermentation process. The first change, which was probably caused by the introduction of Chinese liquor (featuring a high alcohol concentration), resulted in decreased bacterial diversity and increased proportions of Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Bacillaceae family members. The second change, which could be attributed to the addition of specific plant species, led to an increase in the abundance of Alkalibacterium, Amphibacillus, the obligate anaerobe Turicibacter, the facultative anaerobe Enterococcus, and ZOR0006, as well as to a decrease in the pH and redox potential values. Our results indicate that the specific plant mixture included in the procedure here could be used as an effective additive to accelerate the initiation of indigo reduction during the fermentation process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report revealing the fungal diversity during the indigo fermentation process and, furthermore, showing that the fungal diversity has remained in transition despite the relatively stable bacterial diversity in the proper indigo fermentation process. Although traditional indigo fermentation in China is challenging to manage, we can benefit from local knowledge of the fermentation process, and understanding the scientific bases of traditional indigo fermentation will facilitate the development of environmentally friendly procedures. IMPORTANCE Chemical reducing agents included in modern indigo dyeing to initiate indigo reduction can be harmful to both human health and the environment. Given that traditional indigo dyeing involves natural fermentation in a dye vat using natural organic additives without the use of toxic chemicals and that changes in the microbiota during traditional indigo fermentation potently affect the onset of indigo reduction, elucidation of these microbial community transitions could help develop methods to control the initiation of indigo reduction. This study on the microbiota associated with the traditional indigo dyeing practiced in Hunan, China, has identified the bacterial and fungal communities at distinct stages of the indigo fermentation process. Notably, the addition of specific plant species might yield the desired microbial communities and appropriate fermentation conditions, which could be used as an effective additive to accelerate the initiation of indigo reduction. This study has also revealed the fungal diversity during the indigo fermentation process for the first time and shown that the fungal diversity has remained in transition despite the relatively stable bacterial diversity. Thus, this work provides new insights into the traditional indigo fermentation process used in China and substantially enhances current efforts devoted to designing environmentally friendly methods for industrial indigo dyeing.
关键词	traditional indigo fermentation specific plant mixture indigo reduction Pseudomonas Alkalibacterium fungal diversity
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.01663-22
收录类别	SCI ; SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000813151600002
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/73843
专题	中国西南野生生物种质资源库
通讯作者	Wu, Shaohua; Wang, Yuhua
作者单位	1.Yunnan Univ, Yunnan Inst Microbiol, Sch Life Sci, Key Lab Microbial Resources,Minist Educ, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Yunnan Key Lab Wild Plant Resources, Dept Econ Plants & Biotechnol, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Li, Shan,Shi, Yuru,Huang, Hui,et al. Fermentation Blues: Analyzing the Microbiota of Traditional Indigo Vat Dyeing in Hunan, China[J]. MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM,2022:14.
APA	Li, Shan,Shi, Yuru,Huang, Hui,Tong, Yan,Wu, Shaohua,&Wang, Yuhua.(2022).Fermentation Blues: Analyzing the Microbiota of Traditional Indigo Vat Dyeing in Hunan, China.MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM,14.
MLA	Li, Shan,et al."Fermentation Blues: Analyzing the Microbiota of Traditional Indigo Vat Dyeing in Hunan, China".MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM (2022):14.

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