The earliest fossil evidence of the Hamamelidaceae: Late Cretaceous (Turonian) inflorescences and fruits of Altingioideae

	The earliest fossil evidence of the Hamamelidaceae: Late Cretaceous (Turonian) inflorescences and fruits of Altingioideae
	Zhou, ZK; Crepet, WL ; Nixon, KC
	2001-05-01
发表期刊	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
ISSN	0002-9122
卷号	88 期号:5 页码:753-766
摘要	Fossilized pistillate inflorescences, fruits, and pollen grains from the Turonian (similar to 90 million years before present) of New Jersey are described as a new genus, Microaltingia, in the family Hamamelidaceae. The fossils are remarkably preserved in exceptional detail. Several morphological and anatomical characters suggest affinities with Hamamelidaceae. These include capitate inflorescences, florets with a hypanthium, two-carpellate gynoecia, perigynous flowers, tricolpate reticulate pollen, a three-layered carpel wall, scalariform perforation plates with oblique end walls, and scalariform and opposite/alternate intervascular pitting. The gross morphology of pistillate inflorescences, unisexual flowers, phyllome structure, numerous ovules per carpel, and mode of carpel dehiscence indicate affinities with subfamily Altingioideae, which includes the modern genera Liquidambar and Altingia. Cladistic analysis using a previously published morphological matrix and scoring the fossil for available characters supports the position of the fossil as a sister taxon of modern Altingioideae. Although the fossil exhibits a mosaic of characters found within modem Hamamelidaceae, it is not identical to any modern taxon. Based on cladistic analysis, the fossil appears to be a basal "altingioid" that lacks the derived pollen found in extant Altingioideae and retains the more plesiomorphic tricolpate pollen found in the rest of Hamamelidaceae. The floral characters of the fossils, including phyllomes with stomata, short and straight styles, and small perprolate pollen grains, also indicate the possibility of insect pollination.
关键词	Altingioideae Cretaceous Hamamelidaceae Mosaic Turonian
学科领域	Plant Sciences
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000168768900002
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/3247
专题	中国科学院东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Kunming 650204, Peoples R China 2.Cornell Univ, LH Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhou, ZK,Crepet, WL,Nixon, KC. The earliest fossil evidence of the Hamamelidaceae: Late Cretaceous (Turonian) inflorescences and fruits of Altingioideae[J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY,2001,88(5):753-766.
APA	Zhou, ZK,Crepet, WL,&Nixon, KC.(2001).The earliest fossil evidence of the Hamamelidaceae: Late Cretaceous (Turonian) inflorescences and fruits of Altingioideae.AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY,88(5),753-766.
MLA	Zhou, ZK,et al."The earliest fossil evidence of the Hamamelidaceae: Late Cretaceous (Turonian) inflorescences and fruits of Altingioideae".AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 88.5(2001):753-766.

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