| Dual Effect of Phenolic Nectar on Three Floral Visitors of Elsholtzia rugulosa (Lamiaceae) in SW China | |
Zhang, Feng-Ping1,2; Yang, Qiu-Yun1,2; Zhang, Shi-Bao1,2
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| 2016-04-22 | |
| 发表期刊 | PLOS ONE
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| 卷号 | 11期号:4 |
| 摘要 | Some plants secrete toxic nectar to appeal to most effective pollinators and deter non-pollinators or nectar thieves; however available information about ecological function of toxic nectar remains scarce. Elsholtzia rugulosa stands out as a plant with toxic nectar recorded in SW China. We focused on the functional significance of the phenolic compound that imparts toxic to the nectar of E. rugulosa. The effects of phenolic nectar were studied in three visitors of the flowers of the winter-blooming E. rugulosa Hemsl. (Lamiaceae) in SW China. The pollinating species Apis cerana Fabricius (Apidae; Asian honey bee) and two occasional visitors, Vespa velutina Lepeletier (Vespidae; yellow-legged Asian hornet) and Bombus eximius Smith (Apidae; a bumble bee) were tested for their preferences for low and high concentrations of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in hexose and sucrose solutions. The pollinator is important for the plant, which is dependent on pollinator visits to attain a higher seed production and it is most likely that the combination of phenolic toxic nectar and the adaptation to phenolic nectar by A. cerana delivers an evolutionary advantage to both actors. The low and high concentrations of the phenolic acid were nearly totally refused by both occasional visitors V. velutina and B. eximius and were preferred by the pollinator A. cerana. E. rugulosa gains by having a much higher seed production and the pollinating honey bee by having an exclusive and reliable food source during the winter season at high altitudes in SW China. We found that the function of the toxic phenolic compound has dual roles by appealing to legitimate pollinators and deterring non-pollinators of E. rugulosa. |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0154381 |
| 收录类别 | SCI |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000374565100070 |
| 引用统计 | |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/26229 |
| 专题 | 资源植物与生物技术所级重点实验室 |
| 作者单位 | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Econ Plants & Biotechnol, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Yunnan Key Lab Res & Dev Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Feng-Ping,Yang, Qiu-Yun,Zhang, Shi-Bao. Dual Effect of Phenolic Nectar on Three Floral Visitors of Elsholtzia rugulosa (Lamiaceae) in SW China[J]. PLOS ONE,2016,11(4). |
| APA | Zhang, Feng-Ping,Yang, Qiu-Yun,&Zhang, Shi-Bao.(2016).Dual Effect of Phenolic Nectar on Three Floral Visitors of Elsholtzia rugulosa (Lamiaceae) in SW China.PLOS ONE,11(4). |
| MLA | Zhang, Feng-Ping,et al."Dual Effect of Phenolic Nectar on Three Floral Visitors of Elsholtzia rugulosa (Lamiaceae) in SW China".PLOS ONE 11.4(2016). |
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