Differential responses of trees to temperature variation during the chilling and forcing phases

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.018

	Differential responses of trees to temperature variation during the chilling and forcing phases
	Luedeling, Eike 1; Guo, Liang 2; Dai, Junhu 3; Leslie, Charles 4; Blanke, Michael M.5
通讯作者	Luedeling, E (reprint author), World Agroforestry Ctr, POB 30677-00100 Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya.,e.luedeling@cgiar.org
	2013-11-15
发表期刊	AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
ISSN	0168-1923
卷号	181 页码:33-42
摘要	Temperate-zone trees must fulfill cultivar-specific chilling and heat requirements during the dormant period, in order to produce leaves and flowers in the following growing season. Timing and accumulation rate of chill and heat are understood to determine the timing of spring events, but both processes are difficult to observe in dormant tree buds. Where long-term phenological observations are available, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression offers a statistical opportunity to delineate phases of chill and heat accumulation and determine the climatic requirements of trees. This study uses PLS regression to explore how the timing of spring events of chestnut in China, cherry in Germany and walnut in California is related to variation in the daily rates of chill and heat accumulation, as calculated with horticultural models. Dependent variables were 39 years of flowering dates for chestnuts in Beijing (China), 25 years of cherry bloom in Klein-Altendorf (Germany) and 54 years of walnut leaf emergence in Davis (California, USA). These were related to daily accumulation rates of chill, calculated with the Dynamic Model, and heat, calculated with the Growing Degree Hours Model. Compared to an earlier version of the procedure, in which phenological dates were related to unprocessed temperature data, delineation of chilling and forcing phases was much clearer when using horticultural metrics to quantify chill and heat. Chestnut bloom in the cold-winter climate of Beijing was found to depend primarily on the rate of heat accumulation, while cherry bloom in the temperate climate of Germany showed dependence on both chill and heat accumulation rates. The timing of walnut leaf emergence in the mild-winter climate of California depended much more strongly on chill accumulation rates. Chilling (in Chill Portions = CP) and heat (in Growing Degree Hours = GDH) requirements determined based on PLS regression were 79.8 +/- 5.3 CP and 13,466 +/- 1918 GDH for chestnut bloom in Beijing, 104.2 +/- 8.9 CP and 2698 +/- 1183 GDH for cherry bloom in Germany, and 37.5 +/- 5.0 CP and 11,245 +/- 1697 GDH for walnut leaf emergence in California. Spring phases of cherry in Klein-Altendorf and especially chestnut in Beijing will likely continue to advance in response to global warming, while for walnut in California, inadequate chilling may cause delays in flowering and leaf emergence. Such delays could serve as an early-warning indicator that future productivity may be threatened by climate change. The R package 'chillR' makes the method used in this study available for wider use. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词	Chestnut Cherry Walnut Chillr Partial Least Squares Regression Phenology
学科领域	Agronomy ; Forestry ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
DOI	10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.018
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000325242500003
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/17306
专题	资源植物与生物技术所级重点实验室
作者单位	1.World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Econ Plants & Biotechnol, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 4.Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA 5.Univ Bonn, INRES Hort Sci, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Luedeling, Eike,Guo, Liang,Dai, Junhu,et al. Differential responses of trees to temperature variation during the chilling and forcing phases[J]. AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY,2013,181:33-42.
APA	Luedeling, Eike,Guo, Liang,Dai, Junhu,Leslie, Charles,&Blanke, Michael M..(2013).Differential responses of trees to temperature variation during the chilling and forcing phases.AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY,181,33-42.
MLA	Luedeling, Eike,et al."Differential responses of trees to temperature variation during the chilling and forcing phases".AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 181(2013):33-42.

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