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昆明植物所硕博研究生... [1]

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2010 [1]

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作者：Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora is a distinctive group endemic to the eastern Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region. It was regarded as a ‘grex’ or section and included all four general corolla types of Pedicularis. A unique feature is that the leaf and bract bases are fused together to form a cup-like structure around the stem at each node. Our molecular phylogenetic study indicated that P. sect. Cyathophora was a monophyletic lineage, although the relationships among species were not fully resolved. P. rex C. B. Clarke ex Maxim. is the most various and wide-distributed species in P. sect. Cyathophora. It is extremely variable in wild populations, and elicits a vast quantity of morpho-variations, which qualifies the species as one of the most diverse and complex taxa of the genus Pedicularis. In this study, the phylogeny of P. sect. Cyathophora was reconstructed based on four chloroplast genes (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F) and one nuclear gene, ITS, using 78 samples, with an emphasis on the P. rex complex. Also morphometric analyses were used to assess the morphological variation in P. rex complex and taxonomic revisions were presented for some taxa of this complex. Thirteen microsatellite markers were developed from three microsatellite-enriched libraries (AG, AC and AAG) of P. rex with a modified biotin-streptavidin capture technique, which could be used for further studies on the genetic diversity and population structure of this species and its congeners. Main results were summarized as follows: 1. Molecular phylogeny of P. sect. Cyathophora H. L. Li， The phylogeny of P. sect. Cyathophora was reconstructed based on chloroplast matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, trnL-F and one nuclear gene, ITS, involving six species and 11 outgroups with a total of 78 samples. Our study showed that the monophyly of this group was strongly supported, in which P. superba was monophyletic based on chloroplast genes. The samples of P. cyathophylloides from Sichuan nested within P. cyathophylla. Ancient hybridization may occur between the two species. P. xiangchengensis is better to treat as a synonym of P. cyathophylla. Especially, P. ser. Reges was complicated, in which the individuals from different populations in the same species were rarely monophyletic. In addition, individuals forming monophyletic groups were not geographically close. In P. ser. Reges, lineage sorting of chloroplast DNA variations following rapid divergence is likely to have caused complex phylogeny of the taxa, which was reconstructed in our study. Hybridzation, introgression, lineage sorting and adaptive radiation may play important roles in the evolution of these taxa studied. Multiple, independent data sets are needed for resolving phylogenetic relationships of rapidly diverged lineages in P. sect. Cyathophora. 2. The taxonomic revision of P. rex complex，A total of 165 specimens with about 14 vegetative and eight reproductive characters were involved in the morphometric analysis. The results of PCA did not support six taxa for it emerged considerable morphological overlap. P. rex var. rockii was promoted to subspecies level for its prominent performance in PCA. Three taxa, P. rex subsp. pseudocyathus, P. rex subsp. zayuensis and P. rex subsp. parva, were merged into P. rex subsp. rex. Then P. rex subsp. lipskyana kept still at its rank for its purple red corolla color. The result of DA led to the selection of diagnostic traits between the P. rex and P. thamnophila. P. rex has less dissected leaves than P. thamnophila. P. rex is various in leaves number in whole, but P. thamnophila has stable three leaves in whole. Itpossesses a smaller corolla than P. rex. But P. thamnophila subsp. cupuliformis is a little different from P. thamnophila subsp. thamnophila in some vegetative characters, and it has purple stripes with the lower lip, so it is kept at the subspecies level. 3. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from P. rex， We developed 13 microsatellite markers from three microsatellite-enriched libraries (AG, AC and AAG) of P. rex with a modified biotin-streptavidin capture technique. Polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 22 individuals with representation of five populations of P. rex. Additionally, among the 13 identified microsatellite markers, eleven of them were successfully amplified in species P. thamnophila, and five of them showed polymorphisms. This study may provide important information for further investigation on the population genetics, introduction and acclimatization of P. rex and its congeners. 语种：中文

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