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中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
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0.05). For some populations, germination capacity in 12-h photoperiod was significantly higher than that in completed darkness（W-FD: P < 0.01, W-JD: P < 0.05）.Genetic variation within and among six populations was assessed using AFLP markers. Genetic diversity was higher at species level (PPL = 69.19%, HE = 0.221) than at population level (PPL = 26.22%, HE = 0.095, Is =0.140), and populations in southeast Yunnan were strongly differentiated from those in southwest Yunnan (Nei’s GST = 0.575; FST = 0.655). UPGMA analysis demonstrated a clear genetic division between the two populations from DeHong (SW Yunnan; D-JD and D-HG) and the four from WenShan (SE Yunnan; W-FD, W-LH, W-ML, and W-MG). Within-population genetic variation was significantly correlated with population isolation (r(PPL) = -0.94, P = 0.006; r(HE) = -0.85, P = 0.032; r(Is) = -0.87, P = 0.025), but not with population size (r(PPL) = 0.63, P = 0.178; r(HE) = 0.54, P = 0.268; r(Is) = 0.56, P = 0.249).","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Germination%2BEcology&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACraigia%5C+yunnanensis%5C+W.%5C+W.%5C+Smith%5C+%5C%26%5C+W.%5C+E.%5C+Evans%5C+%5C%28Tiliaceae%5C%29%5C+is%5C+an%5C+endangered%5C+deciduous%5C+tree%5C+species%5C+which%5C+has%5C+high%5C+scientific%5C+and%5C+economic%5C+value.%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+is%5C+seriously%5C+threatened%5C+and%5C+has%5C+been%5C+pushed%5C+to%5C+the%5C+verge%5C+of%5C+extinction%5C+due%5C+to%5C+vegetation%5C+destruction%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+consequent%5C+contraction%5C+of%5C+its%5C+distribution.%5C+Hence%2C%5C+it%5C+was%5C+listed%5C+as%5C+a%5C+nationally%5C+rare%5C+and%5C+endangered%5C+plant%5C+in%5C+1999%5C+and%5C+has%5C+also%5C+been%5C+proposed%5C+as%5C+a%5C+second%5C-ranked%5C+plant%5C+for%5C+national%5C+protection%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+included%5C+in%5C+IUCN%5C+red%5C+list.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+scientifically%5C+important%5C+and%5C+valued%5C+tree%5C+species%5C+with%5C+endangered%5C+status%2C%5C+the%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+therefore%5C+represent%5C+is%5C+a%5C+genetic%5C+resource%5C+that%5C+must%5C+be%5C+conserved.%5C+To%5C+provide%5C+basic%5C+information%5C+for%5C+its%5C+conservation%2C%5C+the%5C+population%5C+dynamics%5C+and%5C+population%5C+size%5C+structures%2C%5C+pollination%5C+biology%5C+and%5C+breeding%5C+system%2C%5C+eleven%5C+fitness%5C-related%5C+characters%5C+and%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+variability%5C+based%5C+on%5C+AFLP%5C+were%5C+comprehensively%5C+studied.%5C+The%5C+main%5C+results%5C+are%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A%5C+A%5C+total%5C+of%5C+six%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+were%5C+found%5C+in%5C+two%5C+disjunct%5C+regions%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+i.e.%5C+WenShan%5C+%5C%28SE%5C+Yunnan%5C%29%5C+and%5C+DeHong%5C+%5C%28SW%5C+Yunnan%5C%29%2C%5C+from%5C+2005%5C+to%5C+2007.%5C+Additionally%2C%5C+in%5C+all%5C+but%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+populations%5C+we%5C+detected%2C%5C+mature%5C+trees%5C+were%5C+felled%5C+between%5C+2005%5C+and%5C+2007%2C%5C+so%5C+destruction%5C+of%5C+most%5C+of%5C+these%5C+populations%5C+is%5C+ongoing.%5C+Across%5C+the%5C+six%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+extant%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+found%5C+during%5C+our%5C+study%2C%5C+the%5C+total%5C+number%5C+of%5C+mature%5C+%5C%28reproductive%5C%29%5C+individuals%5C+detected%5C+was%5C+584%5C+in%5C+2007%EF%BC%8Cplus%5C+larger%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+seedling%5C+and%5C+resprouts%5C+from%5C+cut%5C+trunks.%5C+The%5C+result%5C+of%5C+surveying%5C+Population%5C+structure%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+there%5C+are%5C+two%5C+regeneration%5C+types%5C+which%5C+are%5C+seedlings%5C+and%5C+sprouts.%5C+Seedlings%5C+occurred%5C+abundantly%5C+in%5C+gaps%5C+or%5C+open%5C+areas%5C+and%5C+the%5C+size%5C+class%5C+frequency%5C+distributions%5C+were%5C+often%5C+discontinuous%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+same%5C+general%5C+pattern%5C+occurred%5C+in%5C+all%5C+the%5C+investigated%5C+populations%5C+for%5C+juveniles%5C+and%5C+adults.%5C+The%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+seed%5C-origin%5C+individuals%5C+did%5C+however%5C+decline%5C+sharply%5C+with%5C+increasing%5C+size%2C%5C+indicating%5C+a%5C+high%5C+mortality%5C+rate%5C+going%5C+from%5C+seedling%5C+to%5C+sapling%5C+stage%5C+may%5C+be%5C+a%5C+problem%5C+for%5C+this%5C+species.%5C+Additionally%2C%5C+the%5C+cash%5C+crop%5C+cultivation%5C+and%5C+logging%5C+seriously%5C+threaten%5C+the%5C+survival%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species.%5C+We%5C+conducted%5C+field%5C+observations%5C+and%5C+artificial%5C+pollination%5C+experiments%5C+on%5C+the%5C+floral%5C+biology%2C%5C+pollination%5C+process%5C+and%5C+breeding%5C+system%5C+of%5C+Craigia%5C+yunnanensis%5C+in%5C+Fadou%2C%5C+Xichou%5C+county%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%5C+province.%5C+The%5C+lifespan%5C+of%5C+a%5C+single%5C+hermaphrodite%5C+flower%5C+is%5C+approximately%5C+3%5C-4%5C+days.%5C+A%5C+cyme%5C+has%5C+2%5C-9%5C+flowered.%5C+The%5C+flowering%5C+period%5C+of%5C+an%5C+inflorescence%5C+is%5C+usually%5C+5%5C-14%5C+days.%5C+The%5C+flowers%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+were%5C+protandrous.%5C+The%5C+stamens%5C+were%5C+within%5C+petal%5C-like%5C+staminodes%5C+in%5C+the%5C+opening%5C+flowers%5C+until%5C+the%5C+flower%5C+withered.%5C+Without%5C+touchment%2C%5C+the%5C+bractlike%5C+staminodes%5C+can%E2%80%99t%5C+open.%5C+Self%5C-pollination%5C+was%5C+partially%5C+avoided%5C+by%5C+temporal%5C+and%5C+spatial%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+male%5C+and%5C+female%5C+organs%5C+within%5C+the%5C+same%5C+flower.%5C+However%2C%5C+autogamous%5C+and%5C+geitonogamous%5C+pollination%5C+is%5C+unavoidable%5C+because%5C+of%5C+the%5C+large%5C+number%5C+of%5C+flowers%5C+on%5C+a%5C+single%5C+tree%5C+and%5C+the%5C+action%5C+of%5C+pollinators.%5C+The%5C+values%5C+of%5C+both%5C+OCI%5C+%5C%28%E2%89%A54%5C%29%5C+and%5C+P%5C%2FO%5C+%5C%281381%5C%29%5C+and%5C+the%5C+results%5C+of%5C+bagging%5C+tests%5C+indicated%5C+there%5C+was%5C+no%5C+apomixes%5C+in%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+and%5C+the%5C+breeding%5C+system%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species%5C+was%5C+outcrossing%5C+with%5C+partial%5C+sel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officinale is a valuable medicinal plants，mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi and Anhui. It is necessary to understand the environmental adaptation for the effective acclimation and cultivation of this species. Up till now, there is little information on the ecophysiological adaptation of D. officinale, especially on the photosynthetic response to temperature. This paper investigated the response of photosynthesis and growth of D. officinale to temperature, and the stem polysaccharide content of D. officinale at different temperatures, in order to understand how growth temperature affect the growth and development of D. officinale and to determine the suitable temperature ranges and day-night temperature differences for the growth and development of D. officinale. The result are summarized as follows: 1. Temperature has a significant effect on the photosynthetic rate (Pn) of D. officinale, The light saturated photosynthesis at ambient CO2 concentration (Pmax) of the plants were highest at T-30/20. High photosynthetic rate at T-30/20 were related to a larger leaf area (LA) and the more balance between the maximum rate of electron transport and maximum rate of RuBP-mediated carboxylation. 2. Temperature also has a significant effect on the growth and polysaccharide content of D. officinale’s stem. The polysaccharide content of D. officinale at T-20/10 was significantly higher than at the other temperatures, but the stem length, stem node number, stem fresh weight and stem dry weight was the highest at T-30/20. 3. The utilization of solar energy were highest at T-30/15 temperature difference between day and night, it also has the highest content of chlorophyll, and respiration rate was lower, resulting in higher dry matter accumulation and accumulation of relatively higher polysaccharide content. 4. The polysaccharide content of D. officinale T-30/20 temperature difference between day and night was significantly higher than at the other temperatures, but the leaf area was smaller and chlorophyll content, stem length, node number, the average stem length, stem fresh weight and stem dry weight and other indicators are relatively low. 5. My thesis illuminated how temperature affect the growth and development of D. officinale. The suitable temperature ranges and day-night temperature differences for the growth of D. officinale are recommended as below: day temperature is 25℃ ~ 30 ℃, night temperature is 15℃ ~ 20℃, and day-night temperature difference should be maintained at 10℃ ~ 15℃.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Germination%2BEcology&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ADendrobium%5C+officinale%5C+is%5C+a%5C+valuable%5C+medicinal%5C+plants%EF%BC%8Cmainly%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+Guangxi%5C+and%5C+Anhui.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+necessary%5C+to%5C+understand%5C+the%5C+environmental%5C+adaptation%5C+for%5C+the%5C+effective%5C+acclimation%5C+and%5C+cultivation%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species.%5C+Up%5C+till%5C+now%2C%5C+there%5C+is%5C+little%5C+information%5C+on%5C+the%5C+ecophysiological%5C+adaptation%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale%2C%5C+especially%5C+on%5C+the%5C+photosynthetic%5C+response%5C+to%5C+temperature.%5C+This%5C+paper%5C+investigated%5C+the%5C+response%5C+of%5C+photosynthesis%5C+and%5C+growth%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale%5C+to%5C+temperature%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+stem%5C+polysaccharide%5C+content%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale%5C+at%5C+different%5C+temperatures%2C%5C+in%5C+order%5C+to%5C+understand%5C+how%5C+growth%5C+temperature%5C+affect%5C+the%5C+growth%5C+and%5C+development%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale%5C+and%5C+to%5C+determine%5C+the%5C+suitable%5C+temperature%5C+ranges%5C+and%5C+day%5C-night%5C+temperature%5C+differences%5C+for%5C+the%5C+growth%5C+and%5C+development%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale.%5C+The%5C+result%5C+are%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A%5C+1.%5C+Temperature%5C+has%5C+a%5C+significant%5C+effect%5C+on%5C+the%5C+photosynthetic%5C+rate%5C+%5C%28Pn%5C%29%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale%2C%5C+The%5C+light%5C+saturated%5C+photosynthesis%5C+at%5C+ambient%5C+CO2%5C+concentration%5C+%5C%28Pmax%5C%29%5C+of%5C+the%5C+plants%5C+were%5C+highest%5C+at%5C+T%5C-30%5C%2F20.%5C+High%5C+photosynthetic%5C+rate%5C+at%5C+T%5C-30%5C%2F20%5C+were%5C+related%5C+to%5C+a%5C+larger%5C+leaf%5C+area%5C+%5C%28LA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+the%5C+more%5C+balance%5C+between%5C+the%5C+maximum%5C+rate%5C+of%5C+electron%5C+transport%5C+and%C2%A0maximum%5C+rate%5C+of%5C+RuBP%5C-mediated%5C+carboxylation.%5C+2.%5C+Temperature%5C+also%5C+has%5C+a%5C+significant%5C+effect%5C+on%5C+the%5C+growth%5C+and%5C+polysaccharide%5C+content%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale%E2%80%99s%5C+stem.%5C+The%5C+polysaccharide%5C+content%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale%5C+at%5C+T%5C-20%5C%2F10%5C+was%5C+significantly%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+at%5C+the%5C+other%5C+temperatures%2C%5C+but%5C+the%5C+stem%5C+length%2C%5C+stem%5C+node%5C+number%2C%5C+stem%5C+fresh%5C+weight%5C+and%5C+stem%5C+dry%5C+weight%5C+was%5C+the%5C+highest%5C+at%5C+T%5C-30%5C%2F20.%5C+3.%5C+The%5C+utilization%5C+of%5C+solar%5C+energy%5C+were%5C+highest%5C+at%5C+T%5C-30%5C%2F15%5C+temperature%5C+difference%5C+between%5C+day%5C+and%5C+night%2C%5C+it%5C+also%5C+has%5C+the%5C+highest%5C+content%5C+of%5C+chlorophyll%2C%5C+and%5C+respiration%5C+rate%5C+was%5C+lower%2C%5C+resulting%5C+in%5C+higher%5C+dry%5C+matter%5C+accumulation%5C+and%5C+accumulation%5C+of%5C+relatively%5C+higher%5C+polysaccharide%5C+content.%5C+4.%5C+The%5C+polysaccharide%5C+content%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale%5C+T%5C-30%5C%2F20%5C+temperature%5C+difference%5C+between%5C+day%5C+and%5C+night%5C+was%5C+significantly%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+at%5C+the%5C+other%5C+temperatures%2C%5C+but%5C+the%5C+leaf%5C+area%5C+was%5C+smaller%5C+and%5C+chlorophyll%5C+content%2C%5C+stem%5C+length%2C%5C+node%5C+number%2C%5C+the%5C+average%5C+stem%5C+length%2C%5C+stem%5C+fresh%5C+weight%5C+and%5C+stem%5C+dry%5C+weight%5C+and%5C+other%5C+indicators%5C+are%5C+relatively%5C+low.%5C+5.%5C+My%5C+thesis%5C+illuminated%5C+how%5C+temperature%5C+affect%5C+the%5C+growth%5C+and%5C+development%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale.%5C+The%5C+suitable%5C+temperature%5C+ranges%5C+and%5C+day%5C-night%5C+temperature%5C+differences%5C+for%5C+the%5C+growth%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+officinale%5C+are%5C+recommended%5C+as%5C+below%5C%3A%5C+day%5C+temperature%5C+is%5C+25%E2%84%83%5C+%5C%7E%5C+30%5C+%E2%84%83%2C%5C+night%5C+temperature%5C+is%5C+15%E2%84%83%5C+%5C%7E%5C+20%E2%84%83%2C%5C+and%5C+day%5C-night%5C+temperature%5C+difference%5C+should%5C+be%5C+maintained%5C+at%5C+10%E2%84%83%5C+%5C%7E%5C+15%E2%84%83."},{"jsname":"During a field trip at a brule in Shangri-La, a mixed population of Ligularia Cass. was found, which including L. subspicata (Bur. et Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., L. nelumbifolia (Bur. et Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., L. tongolensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., L. cymbulifera (W.W.Smith) Hand.-Mazz., L. lingiana S.W.Liu, and also some individuals morphologically intermediate between L. subspicata and L. nelumbifolia. Hence, these intermediate individuals were preliminarily assumed as natural hybrids of the two Ligularia. According to their morphology, they’re assumed to form hybrids A and B. Through careful comparison of specimens in herbarium and those we collected, the inflorescence of putative hybrid A is close to L. nelumbifolia, but the shape of laminae are intergradation of L. subspicata and L. nelumbifolia; overall morphology of putative hybrids B is similar to L. nelumbifolia, but inflorescence color is as same as L. subspicata. Compared to L. nelumbifolia (39%) and L. subspicata (36.8%), the germination rate of putative hybrid B (45.7%) slightly higher than the two; but that of hybrid A is extraordinarily low (0.3%). One possible interpretation of the low rate is hybridization. 60 individuals were collected, including putative parents, other 4 species of Ligularia nearby, putative hybrid A and B. They were all direct sequenced of four cpDNA fragments, and direct sequenced or cloning sequenced of nrDNA ITS4-5. The results support that L. nelumbifolia and L. subspicata are parents of putative hybrid A, and the majority female parent is L. subspicata, L. vellerea may also be involved in the hybridization in some degree; the nuclear sequences of putative hybrid B have no superposition, and its chloroplast DNA sequences are identical with L. nelumbifolia, so putative hybrid B could not be hybrid; and there are backcross individuals exist among the putative parent L. subspicata. NewHybrids analysis of ISSR markers indicated that, the individuals of putative hybrid A are almost L. nelumbifolia and L. subspicata F1 hybrid generation (10/11), only 1/11 possibly backcross or other forms; all individuals of hybrid B are L. nelumbifolia; except one individual of L. subspicata as backcrossed, the other parent individuals are 100% reliable. This study focused on molecular evidence, complemented by ecological, reproductive and other characteristics, we demonstrated that the morphologically intermediate individuals’ origin, and the probability of belonging to each parental or hybrid class. And concluded that L. nelumbifolia and L. subspicata are the parents of putative hybrid A, L. vellerea may also be involved in the hybridization in some degree, hybrids mainly are the first generation, a few individuals may be involved in backcross, and most probably backcross with L. subspicata according to the anthesis, while the assumption of hybrid B is not supported.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Germination%2BEcology&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ADuring%5C+a%5C+field%5C+trip%5C+at%5C+a%5C+brule%5C+in%5C+Shangri%5C-La%2C%5C+a%5C+mixed%5C+population%5C+of%5C+Ligularia%5C+Cass.%5C+was%5C+found%2C%5C+which%5C+including%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+%5C%28Bur.%5C+et%5C+Franch.%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+%5C%28Bur.%5C+et%5C+Franch.%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+%5C%28Franch.%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+cymbulifera%5C+%5C%28W.W.Smith%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+lingiana%5C+S.W.Liu%2C%5C+and%5C+also%5C+some%5C+individuals%5C+morphologically%5C+intermediate%5C+between%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia.%5C+Hence%2C%5C+these%5C+intermediate%5C+individuals%5C+were%5C+preliminarily%5C+assumed%5C+as%5C+natural%5C+hybrids%5C+of%5C+the%5C+two%5C+Ligularia.%5C+According%5C+to%5C+their%5C+morphology%2C%5C+they%E2%80%99re%5C+assumed%5C+to%5C+form%5C+hybrids%5C+A%5C+and%5C+B.%5C+Through%5C+careful%5C+comparison%5C+of%5C+specimens%5C+in%5C+herbarium%5C+and%5C+those%5C+we%5C+collected%2C%5C+the%5C+inflorescence%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+is%5C+close%5C+to%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%2C%5C+but%5C+the%5C+shape%5C+of%5C+laminae%5C+are%5C+intergradation%C2%A0of%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C%3B%5C+overall%5C+morphology%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrids%5C+B%5C+is%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%2C%5C+but%5C+inflorescence%5C+color%5C+is%5C+as%5C+same%5C+as%5C+L.%5C+subspicata.%5C+Compared%5C+to%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+%5C%2839%25%5C%29%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+%5C%2836.8%25%5C%29%2C%5C+the%5C+germination%5C+rate%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+%5C%2845.7%25%5C%29%5C+slightly%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+the%5C+two%5C%3B%5C+but%5C+that%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+is%5C+extraordinarily%5C+low%5C+%5C%280.3%25%5C%29.%5C+One%5C+possible%5C+interpretation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+low%5C+rate%5C+is%5C+hybridization.%5C+60%5C+individuals%5C+were%5C+collected%2C%5C+including%5C+putative%5C+parents%2C%5C+other%5C+4%5C+species%5C+of%5C+Ligularia%5C+nearby%2C%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+and%5C+B.%5C+They%5C+were%5C+all%5C+direct%5C+sequenced%5C+of%5C+four%5C+cpDNA%5C+fragments%2C%5C+and%5C+direct%5C+sequenced%5C+or%5C+cloning%5C+sequenced%5C+of%5C+nrDNA%5C+ITS4%5C-5.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+support%5C+that%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+are%5C+parents%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+majority%5C+female%5C+parent%5C+is%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%2C%5C+L.%5C+vellerea%5C+may%5C+also%5C+be%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+the%5C+hybridization%5C+in%5C+some%5C+degree%5C%3B%5C+the%5C+nuclear%5C+sequences%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+have%5C+no%5C+superposition%2C%5C+and%5C+its%5C+chloroplast%5C+DNA%5C+sequences%5C+are%5C+identical%5C+with%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%2C%5C+so%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+could%5C+not%5C+be%5C+hybrid%5C%3B%5C+and%5C+there%5C+are%5C+backcross%5C+individuals%5C+exist%5C+among%5C+the%5C+putative%5C+parent%5C+L.%5C+subspicata.%5C+NewHybrids%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+ISSR%5C+markers%5C+indicated%5C+that%2C%5C+the%5C+individuals%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+are%5C+almost%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+F1%5C+hybrid%5C+generation%5C+%5C%2810%5C%2F11%5C%29%2C%5C+only%5C+1%5C%2F11%5C+possibly%5C+backcross%5C+or%5C+other%5C+forms%5C%3B%5C+all%5C+individuals%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+are%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C%3B%5C+except%5C+one%5C+individual%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+as%5C+backcrossed%2C%5C+the%5C+other%5C+parent%5C+individuals%5C+are%5C+100%25%5C+reliable.%5C+This%5C+study%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+molecular%5C+evidence%2C%5C+complemented%5C+by%5C+ecological%2C%5C+reproductive%5C+and%5C+other%5C+characteristics%2C%5C+we%5C+demonstrated%5C+that%5C+the%5C+morphologically%5C+intermediate%5C+individuals%E2%80%99%5C+origin%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+probability%5C+of%5C+belonging%5C+to%5C+each%5C+parental%5C+or%5C+hybrid%5C+class.%5C+And%5C+concluded%5C+that%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+are%5C+the%5C+parents%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%2C%5C+L.%5C+vellerea%5C+may%5C+also%5C+be%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+the%5C+hybridization%5C+in%5C+some%5C+degree%2C%5C+hybrids%5C+mainly%5C+are%5C+the%5C+first%5C+generation%2C%5C+a%5C+few%5C+individuals%5C+may%5C+be%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+backcross%2C%5C+and%5C+most%5C+probably%5C+backcross%5C+with%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+according%5C+to%5C+the%5C+anthesis%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+assumption%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+is%5C+not%5C+supported."},{"jsname":"Environmental stresses could limit plant growth, development and propagation. Abiotic stress refers to the negative impact factors to the plants, such as extreme temperature, drought, flood, salinity, irradiation, chemicals and so on. To understand the mechanism of abiotic stress is very important.Membrane is the most sensitive organs in the cell that response to environmental changes. Cells respond and transduct environmental signals by changing content of membrane lipids and membrane proteins. The activity change of membrane phospholipase D (PLD) and the composition and content of membrane lipid molecules is one of the most anti-stress methods for the plants. It was reported that plants responded to some abiotic stresses such as freezing, thawing, seed aging and dehydration through changing lipid molecules especially the messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) and mutants of PLD were more tolerant to those stresses. It is important to investigate the characteristics and variation of membrane lipids and membrane proteins to understand the streee in plants.Three different kinds of stresses, including alpine scree temperature stress, allelopathy and Gamma irradiation stress, were studied in the present dissertation. And try to understand how plants response to those stresses by changing membrane system and the function of PLD in resistant to those stresses, lipidomic methods were used to profiling the changing of 11 lipids classes (160 lipids molecules) under thoses stresses. Moreover, PLD mutants were also used to study the role of PLD under those stresses. The mechanisms of plants response to stresses were very complicated; PLD and lipid molecules were not the only factors that response to stresses, the metabolism and phytohormones of tested plants under these stresses were also studied.In alpine scree of northwest Yunnan, the temperature was various from 33 °C during the midday to 4 °C at night, and the highest temperature could reach to 35 to 40 °C. Saussurea medusa and Solms-Laubachia linearifolia, which live in this environment, were chosen as studied model. The results showed that membrane lipid of these two plants significantly fluctuated with the temperature, while the double bond index (DBI) that had close relationship to temperature did not change. Furthermore, the the lysolipids which rise significantly under stresses did not change too much either. Laboratory mimic experiments also confermed the characteristics of lipids change to temperature in alpine scree plants. The results suggested that the plants living in such temperature changeable environment had already adapted to this situation and their membrane responded to the temperature was a kind of adaptation instead of stress response.Since the first introduction in Yunnan province of China in 1940s, E. adenophorum has spread very rapidly especially in southwestern China. Without understanding its invasive mechanism, it is impossible to control it. o-Hydroxycinnamic acid (o-HCA), an allelochmeical isolated from leachates of aerial parts of E. adenophorum were studied. o-HCA was abundant in aerial parts of E. adenophorum (1g/10kg fresh weight). The data showed that o-HCA not only had strong allelopathic effect on Arabidopsis seeds germination, but also inhibited seedling growth, and even induced root death of Arabidopsis seedlings. It could be proposed that o-HCA affected seedlings indirectly, through inducing root cell death, and it disturbed the water and ion absorption of plants and finally induced seedling to die. Interestingly, o-HCA could also inhibit E. adenophorum seed germination, while it showed no effect on its seedling growth. E. adenophorum can produce thousands of seeds and has the ability to vegetative reproduction, with which may alleviate the harmful effect of o-HCA on E. adenophorum. Unlike E. adenophorum, its neighbors’ population was inhibited, under this situation, E. adenophorum coule have better condition to live and invade successfully.Arabidopsis were irradiated with gamma rays, and 50-100 Gy gamma irradiation could inhibit seedling growth, and with the dosage above 200 Gy it could inhibit seedling flowering. Treated Arabidopsis wild types and their PLD a and d mutant with gamma ray showed no significant differences among them. The lipid molecules changes of seedlings under stress of gamma ray were also tested, and found that Gamama ray induced lipids degradation, among which, MGDG and DGDG degraded dramatically, while the average carbons in lipids did not changed. The lipids content (nmol per mg dry weight) decreased significantly, while the mol% content (mol% of total) changed slightly. Gamma irradiation also leaded to dramatically change of Arabidopsis seedling metabolomics and the phytohormones (ABA，ZR，JA，IAA).","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Germination%2BEcology&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AEnvironmental%5C+stresses%5C+could%5C+limit%5C+plant%5C+growth%2C%5C+development%5C+and%5C+propagation.%5C+Abiotic%5C+stress%5C+refers%5C+to%5C+the%5C+negative%5C+impact%5C+factors%5C+to%5C+the%5C+plants%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+extreme%5C+temperature%2C%5C+drought%2C%5C+flood%2C%5C+salinity%2C%5C+irradiation%2C%5C+chemicals%5C+and%5C+so%5C+on.%5C+To%5C+understand%5C+the%5C+mechanism%5C+of%5C+abiotic%5C+stress%5C+is%5C+very%5C+important.Membrane%5C+is%5C+the%5C+most%5C+sensitive%5C+organs%5C+in%5C+the%5C+cell%5C+that%5C+response%5C+to%5C+environmental%5C+changes.%5C+Cells%5C+respond%5C+and%5C+transduct%5C+environmental%5C+signals%5C+by%5C+changing%5C+content%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+and%5C+membrane%5C+proteins.%5C+The%5C+activity%5C+change%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+phospholipase%5C+D%5C+%5C%28PLD%5C%29%5C+and%5C+the%5C+composition%5C+and%5C+content%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipid%5C+molecules%5C+is%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+most%5C+anti%5C-stress%5C+methods%5C+for%5C+the%5C+plants.%5C+It%5C+was%5C+reported%5C+that%5C+plants%5C+responded%5C+to%5C+some%5C+abiotic%5C+stresses%5C+such%5C+as%5C+freezing%2C%5C+thawing%2C%5C+seed%5C+aging%5C+and%5C+dehydration%5C+through%5C+changing%5C+lipid%5C+molecules%5C+especially%5C+the%5C+messenger%5C+phosphatidic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28PA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+mutants%5C+of%5C+PLD%5C+were%5C+more%5C+tolerant%5C+to%5C+those%5C+stresses.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+important%5C+to%5C+investigate%5C+the%5C+characteristics%5C+and%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+and%5C+membrane%5C+proteins%5C+to%5C+understand%5C+the%5C+streee%5C+in%5C+plants.Three%5C+different%5C+kinds%5C+of%5C+stresses%2C%5C+including%5C+alpine%5C+scree%5C+temperature%5C+stress%2C%5C+allelopathy%5C+and%5C+Gamma%5C+irradiation%5C+stress%2C%5C+were%5C+studied%5C+in%5C+the%5C+present%5C+dissertation.%5C+And%5C+try%5C+to%5C+understand%5C+how%5C+plants%5C+response%5C+to%5C+those%5C+stresses%5C+by%5C+changing%5C+membrane%5C+system%5C+and%5C+the%5C+function%5C+of%5C+PLD%5C+in%5C+resistant%5C+to%5C+those%5C+stresses%2C%5C+lipidomic%5C+methods%5C+were%5C+used%5C+to%5C+profiling%5C+the%5C+changing%5C+of%5C+11%5C+lipids%5C+classes%5C+%5C%28160%5C+lipids%5C+molecules%5C%29%5C+under%5C+thoses%5C+stresses.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+PLD%5C+mutants%5C+were%5C+also%5C+used%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+role%5C+of%5C+PLD%5C+under%5C+those%5C+stresses.%5C+The%5C+mechanisms%5C+of%5C+plants%5C+response%5C+to%5C+stresses%5C+were%5C+very%5C+complicated%5C%3B%5C+PLD%5C+and%5C+lipid%5C+molecules%5C+were%5C+not%5C+the%5C+only%5C+factors%5C+that%5C+response%5C+to%5C+stresses%2C%5C+the%5C+metabolism%5C+and%5C+phytohormones%5C+of%5C+tested%5C+plants%5C+under%5C+these%5C+stresses%5C+were%5C+also%5C+studied.In%5C+alpine%5C+scree%5C+of%5C+northwest%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+the%5C+temperature%5C+was%5C+various%5C+from%5C+33%5C+%C2%B0C%5C+during%5C+the%5C+midday%5C+to%5C+4%5C+%C2%B0C%5C+at%5C+night%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+highest%5C+temperature%5C+could%5C+reach%5C+to%5C+35%5C+to%5C+40%5C+%C2%B0C.%5C+Saussurea%5C+medusa%5C+and%5C+Solms%5C-Laubachia%5C+linearifolia%2C%5C+which%5C+live%5C+in%5C+this%5C+environment%2C%5C+were%5C+chosen%5C+as%5C+studied%5C+model.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+membrane%5C+lipid%5C+of%5C+these%5C+two%5C+plants%5C+significantly%5C+fluctuated%5C+with%5C+the%5C+temperature%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+double%5C+bond%5C+index%5C+%5C%28DBI%5C%29%5C+that%5C+had%5C+close%5C+relationship%5C+to%5C+temperature%5C+did%5C+not%5C+change.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+the%5C+the%5C+lysolipids%5C+which%5C+rise%5C+significantly%5C+under%5C+stresses%5C+did%5C+not%5C+change%5C+too%5C+much%5C+either.%5C+Laboratory%5C+mimic%5C+experiments%5C+also%5C+confermed%5C+the%5C+characteristics%5C+of%5C+lipids%5C+change%5C+to%5C+temperature%5C+in%5C+alpine%5C+scree%5C+plants.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+the%5C+plants%5C+living%5C+in%5C+such%5C+temperature%5C+changeable%5C+environment%5C+had%5C+already%5C+adapted%5C+to%5C+this%5C+situation%5C+and%5C+their%5C+membrane%5C+responded%5C+to%5C+the%5C+temperature%5C+was%5C+a%5C+kind%5C+of%5C+adaptation%5C+instead%5C+of%5C+stress%5C+response.Since%5C+the%5C+first%5C+introduction%5C+in%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%5C+of%5C+China%5C+in%5C+1940s%2C%5C+E.%5C+adenophorum%5C+has%5C+spread%5C+very%5C+rapidly%5C+especially%5C+in%5C+southwestern%5C+China.%5C+Without%5C+understanding%5C+its%5C+invasive%5C+mechanism%2C%5C+it%5C+is%5C+impossible%5C+to%5C+control%5C+it.%5C+o%5C-Hydroxycinnamic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28o%5C-HCA%5C%29%2C%5C+an%5C+allelochmeical%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+leachates%5C+of%5C+aerial%5C+parts%5C+of%5C+E.%5C+adenophorum%5C+were%5C+studied.%5C+o%5C-HCA%5C+was%5C+abundant%5C+in%5C+aerial%5C+parts%5C+of%5C+E.%5C+adenophorum%5C+%5C%281g%5C%2F10kg%5C+fresh%5C+weight%5C%29.%5C+The%5C+data%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+o%5C-HCA%5C+not%5C+only%5C+had%5C+strong%5C+allelopathic%5C+effect%5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the present study, we focused on “Pterygiella complex”, included Pterygiella Oliver, Xizangia D.Y. Hong, Phtheirospermum Bunge ex Fischer & C.A. Meyer, and Pseudobartsia D.Y. Hong, which is endemic to Eastern Asia. Based on chloroplast and nuclear sequences, we explored their phylogeny relationships within Orobanchaceae, the species relations within Pterygiella, and fruit and seed morphology of traditional tribe Rhinantheae. The phylogeny of “Pterygiella complex” was reconstructed based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences within the family Orobanchaceae. The genera relationship within the complex was reconstructed based on chloroplast sequences of atpB-rbcL, atpH-I, psbA-trnH, rpl16, trnL-F and trnS-G. The results showed that “Pterygiella complex” was not a natural group and could be divided into two different clades. Clade I included most taxa, e.g. Pterygiella, Xizangia, Pseudobartsia, Phtheirospermum (exclude P. japonicum). The species of this clade were endemic to East-Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains region. Clade II included Phtheirospermum japonicum (Thunberg) Kanitz, which was a heterogeneous member in genus Phtheirospermum and should be treated as a new monotypic genus. The results supported that Pterygiella bartschioides Hand.-Mazz. and Phtheirospermum glandulosum Benth. should be elevated to genus level as Xizangia and Pseudobartsia, respectively.Furthermore, we focused on the genus Pterygiella to explore the species’ circumscription by molecular phylogeny, DNA barcodes and morphological studies. The results suggested that Pterygiella should divide into three clades. P. duclouxii was divided into clade I and clade II, and P. nigrescens was included the clade I of these P. duclouxii taxa, with which it shares eglandular hairs on the stem. Clade III included P. suffruticosa and P. cylindrica, while the level of inter- and intra-species variation in two species did not support their distinction. Therefore, P. suffruticosa should move into or considered as a variety of P. cylindrica. The form of stem, leaf veins and the indumentum of stems are key traits for circumscribing the species within the genus. By comparing the effectiveness with core DNA barcodes, ITS-2 can be used as suitable DNA barcode in the genus Pterygiella.Fruit and seed characteristics of 49 species in 21 genera of the tribe Rhinantheae and 9 species in 9 genera of Orobachaceae were examined. 25 characters were selected and analyzed by principal component analysis for discovering the systematic significances. The results suggested four main types and six subtypes were distinguished based on gross seed coat appearance, inner tangential wall and thickenings of radial wall. Fruit and seed data reflect the close relationships within “Pterygiella complex”. While, Xizangia was distinctly different from Pterygiella. Phtheirospermum tenuisectum was more similar to the member of section minutisepala within the genus Phtheiroseprmum. Phtheirospermum japonicum was heterogeneous within the genus Phtheirospermum. On the whole, fruit and seed data supported Xizangia and Pseudobartsia as a genus rank and Phtheirospermum japonicum was a heterogeneous member in Phtheirospermum","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Germination%2BEcology&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AIn%5C+the%5C+present%5C+study%2C%5C+we%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D%2C%5C+included%5C+Pterygiella%5C+Oliver%2C%5C+Xizangia%5C+D.Y.%5C+Hong%2C%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+Bunge%5C+ex%5C+Fischer%5C+%5C%26%5C+C.A.%5C+Meyer%2C%5C+and%5C+Pseudobartsia%5C+D.Y.%5C+Hong%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+Eastern%5C+Asia.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%5C+and%5C+nuclear%5C+sequences%2C%5C+we%5C+explored%5C+their%5C+phylogeny%5C+relationships%5C+within%5C+Orobanchaceae%2C%5C+the%5C+species%5C+relations%5C+within%5C+Pterygiella%2C%5C+and%5C+fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+morphology%5C+of%5C+traditional%5C+tribe%5C+Rhinantheae.%5C+The%5C+phylogeny%5C+of%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D%5C+was%5C+reconstructed%5C+based%5C+on%5C+nuclear%5C+and%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequences%5C+within%5C+the%5C+family%5C+Orobanchaceae.%5C+The%5C+genera%5C+relationship%5C+within%5C+the%5C+complex%5C+was%5C+reconstructed%5C+based%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequences%5C+of%5C+atpB%5C-rbcL%2C%5C+atpH%5C-I%2C%5C+psbA%5C-trnH%2C%5C+rpl16%2C%5C+trnL%5C-F%5C+and%5C+trnS%5C-G.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D%5C+was%5C+not%5C+a%5C+natural%5C+group%5C+and%5C+could%5C+be%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+two%5C+different%5C+clades.%5C+Clade%5C+I%5C+included%5C+most%5C+taxa%2C%5C+e.g.%5C+Pterygiella%2C%5C+Xizangia%2C%5C+Pseudobartsia%2C%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+%5C%28exclude%5C+P.%5C+japonicum%5C%29.%5C+The%5C+species%5C+of%5C+this%5C+clade%5C+were%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+East%5C-Himalaya%5C+and%5C+Hengduan%5C+Mountains%5C+region.%5C+Clade%5C+II%5C+included%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+japonicum%5C+%5C%28Thunberg%5C%29%5C+Kanitz%2C%5C+which%5C+was%5C+a%5C+heterogeneous%5C+member%5C+in%5C+genus%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+and%5C+should%5C+be%5C+treated%5C+as%5C+a%5C+new%5C+monotypic%5C+genus.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+supported%5C+that%5C+Pterygiella%5C+bartschioides%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%5C+and%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+glandulosum%5C+Benth.%5C+should%5C+be%5C+elevated%5C+to%5C+genus%5C+level%5C+as%5C+Xizangia%5C+and%5C+Pseudobartsia%2C%5C+respectively.Furthermore%2C%5C+we%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Pterygiella%5C+to%5C+explore%5C+the%5C+species%E2%80%99%5C+circumscription%5C+by%5C+molecular%5C+phylogeny%2C%5C+DNA%5C+barcodes%5C+and%5C+morphological%5C+studies.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+Pterygiella%5C+should%5C+divide%5C+into%5C+three%5C+clades.%5C+P.%5C+duclouxii%5C+was%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+clade%5C+I%5C+and%5C+clade%5C+II%2C%5C+and%5C+P.%5C+nigrescens%5C+was%5C+included%5C+the%5C+clade%5C+I%5C+of%5C+these%5C+P.%5C+duclouxii%5C+taxa%2C%5C+with%5C+which%5C+it%5C+shares%5C+eglandular%5C+hairs%5C+on%5C+the%5C+stem.%5C+Clade%5C+III%5C+included%5C+P.%5C+suffruticosa%5C+and%5C+P.%5C+cylindrica%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+level%5C+of%5C+inter%5C-%5C+and%5C+intra%5C-species%5C+variation%5C+in%5C+two%5C+species%5C+did%5C+not%5C+support%5C+their%5C+distinction.%5C+Therefore%2C%5C+P.%5C+suffruticosa%5C+should%5C+move%5C+into%5C+or%5C+considered%5C+as%5C+a%5C+variety%5C+of%5C+P.%5C+cylindrica.%5C+The%5C+form%5C+of%5C+stem%2C%5C+leaf%5C+veins%5C+and%5C+the%5C+indumentum%5C+of%5C+stems%5C+are%5C+key%5C+traits%5C+for%5C+circumscribing%5C+the%5C+species%5C+within%5C+the%5C+genus.%5C+By%5C+comparing%5C+the%5C+effectiveness%5C+with%5C+core%5C+DNA%5C+barcodes%2C%5C+ITS%5C-2%5C+can%5C+be%5C+used%5C+as%5C+suitable%5C+DNA%5C+barcode%5C+in%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Pterygiella.Fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+characteristics%5C+of%5C+49%5C+species%5C+in%5C+21%5C+genera%5C+of%5C+the%5C+tribe%5C+Rhinantheae%5C+and%5C+9%5C+species%5C+in%5C+9%5C+genera%5C+of%5C+Orobachaceae%5C+were%5C+examined.%5C+25%5C+characters%5C+were%5C+selected%5C+and%5C+analyzed%5C+by%5C+principal%5C+component%5C+analysis%5C+for%5C+discovering%5C+the%5C+systematic%5C+significances.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+four%5C+main%5C+types%5C+and%5C+six%5C+subtypes%5C+were%5C+distinguished%5C+based%5C+on%5C+gross%5C+seed%5C+coat%5C+appearance%2C%5C+inner%5C+tangential%5C+wall%5C+and%5C+thickenings%5C+of%5C+radial%5C+wall.%5C+Fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+data%5C+reflect%5C+the%5C+close%5C+relationships%5C+within%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D.%5C+While%2C%5C+Xizangia%5C+was%5C+distinctly%5C+different%5C+from%5C+Pterygiella.%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+tenuisectum%5C+was%5C+more%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+the%5C+member%5C+of%5C+section%5C+minutisepala%5C+within%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Phtheiroseprmum.%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+japonicum%5C+was%5C+heterogeneous%5C+within%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Phtheirospermum.%5C+On%5C+the%5C+whole%2C%5C+fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+data%5C+supported%5C+Xizangia%5C+and%5C+Pseudobartsia%5C+as%5C+a%5C+genus%5C+rank%5C+and%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+japonicum%5C+was%5C+a%5C+heterogeneous%5C+member%5C+in%5C+Phtheirospermum"},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-04-20"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
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分面浏览：Funding Organization
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共438条，第1-20条
CAS/SAFEA Internatio
8
National Natural Sci
5
Chinese Academy of S
4
Deanship of Scientif
4
Max Planck Society
4
Chinese Academy of S
3
National Key Basic R
3
Natural Science Foun
3
U1302262)
3
31370362)
2
31370512
2
31400440)
2
31590823)
2
Chinese Academy of S
2
Israel Academy of Sc
2
Israel Academy of Sc
2
John D. and Catherin
2
MFLU(56101020032)
2
Major State Basic Re
2
Modernization of Tra
2
