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中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
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0.05). For some populations, germination capacity in 12-h photoperiod was significantly higher than that in completed darkness（W-FD: P < 0.01, W-JD: P < 0.05）.Genetic variation within and among six populations was assessed using AFLP markers. Genetic diversity was higher at species level (PPL = 69.19%, HE = 0.221) than at population level (PPL = 26.22%, HE = 0.095, Is =0.140), and populations in southeast Yunnan were strongly differentiated from those in southwest Yunnan (Nei’s GST = 0.575; FST = 0.655). UPGMA analysis demonstrated a clear genetic division between the two populations from DeHong (SW Yunnan; D-JD and D-HG) and the four from WenShan (SE Yunnan; W-FD, W-LH, W-ML, and W-MG). Within-population genetic variation was significantly correlated with population isolation (r(PPL) = -0.94, P = 0.006; r(HE) = -0.85, P = 0.032; r(Is) = -0.87, P = 0.025), but not with population size (r(PPL) = 0.63, P = 0.178; r(HE) = 0.54, P = 0.268; r(Is) = 0.56, P = 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MSCA individual fellowship[705432]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=location.comm.id&advanced=false&query1=Early%2BFloral%2BDevelopment&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AEU%5C+MSCA%5C+individual%5C+fellowship%5C%5B705432%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"EU MSCA individual fellowship[750252]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=location.comm.id&advanced=false&query1=Early%2BFloral%2BDevelopment&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AEU%5C+MSCA%5C+individual%5C+fellowship%5C%5B750252%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"European Research Council through the Advanced Grant Project TREEPEACE[FP7-339728]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=location.comm.id&advanced=false&query1=Early%2BFloral%2BDevelopment&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AEuropean%5C+Research%5C+Council%5C+through%5C+the%5C+Advanced%5C+Grant%5C+Project%5C+TREEPEACE%5C%5BFP7%5C-339728%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"How has natural selection determined the evolution of gene regulation by acting on major regulatory factors? This question has been attractive to many evolutionary biologists for a long time. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous posttranscriptional repressors and play essential roles in diverse biological processes in plants. To understand how natural selection has targeted on the entire lay of miRNA regulatory modules during flower development, we resequenced 31 miRNA target sites involved in flower development from five rice populations. We found that purifying selection serves as a major evolutionary force to act on the conserved miRNA binding sites, leading to the globally reduced genetic variation in highly conserved miRNA binding sequences within the entire rice samples. Conversely, positive selection allows variations at nonconserved miRNA binding sites and acts on them in a population-specific behaviour. Further analysis revealed that the polymorphisms within target sites may serve as raw materials for diverse functions of miRNAs by means of the destabilization of duplex, abolishment of existing target sites, and creation of novel ones. Together, the above-mentioned results indicate that variations at conserved binding sites are likely deleterious during rice flower development, whereas variants at nonconserved binding sites may be conductive to flower development-related phenotypic diversities and rice population adaption to variable environmental conditions as well. To further assess functional effects and evolutionary significance of variable alleles at the target genes, we reported the detailed characterization of the haplotype and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns of the entire target gene (LOC_Os01g18850，SPL 1) and the 1.4 Mb flanking regions in three rice populations, namely japonica, indica and O. rufipogon. The genetic profile of SNPs at target site and its flanking regions revealed high haplotype frequency, low haplotype diversity and strong LD in two cultivatedricepopulations. By contrast, we observed the opposite phenomena in O. rufipogon. Using the long-range haplotype (LRT) test, we found strong evidence of recent positive selection for SNP 3C/T alleles at target site in the combined O. sativa. Comparsion between the two rice subpopulations indicated that the major haplotype mh 2 containing SNP 3C accounts for half of all haplotypes in indica, while mh 3 containing SNP 3T is 91% in japonica. Moreover, the extent of LD is stronger in japonica than that in inidca. These differences suggest that independent evolutionary events may have occurred in target sequences of two cultivated rice populations and stronger positive selection acted on japonica. Next, we examined geographic distribution of polymorphic variants at target sites. We found that the major alleles SNP 3T and tightly linked SNP 4A in japonica appear to be associated with the adaption to the northern climates during rice flower development.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=location.comm.id&advanced=false&query1=Early%2BFloral%2BDevelopment&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AHow%5C+has%5C+natural%5C+selection%5C+determined%5C+the%5C+evolution%5C+of%5C+gene%5C+regulation%5C+by%5C+acting%5C+on%5C+major%5C+regulatory%5C+factors%5C%3F%5C+This%5C+question%5C+has%5C+been%5C+attractive%5C+to%5C+many%5C+evolutionary%5C+biologists%5C+for%5C+a%5C+long%5C+time.%5C+MicroRNAs%5C+%5C%28miRNAs%5C%29%5C+are%5C+endogenous%5C+posttranscriptional%5C+repressors%5C+and%5C+play%5C+essential%5C+roles%5C+in%5C+diverse%5C+biological%5C+processes%5C+in%5C+plants.%5C+To%5C+understand%5C+how%5C+natural%5C+selection%5C+has%5C+targeted%5C+on%5C+the%5C+entire%5C+lay%5C+of%5C+miRNA%5C+regulatory%5C+modules%5C+during%5C+flower%5C+development%2C%5C+we%5C+resequenced%5C+31%5C+miRNA%5C+target%5C+sites%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+flower%5C+development%5C+from%5C+five%5C+rice%5C+populations.%5C+We%5C+found%5C+that%5C+purifying%5C+selection%5C+serves%5C+as%5C+a%5C+major%5C+evolutionary%5C+force%5C+to%5C+act%5C+on%5C+the%5C+conserved%5C+miRNA%5C+binding%5C+sites%2C%5C+leading%5C+to%5C+the%5C+globally%5C+reduced%5C+genetic%5C+variation%5C+in%5C+highly%5C+conserved%5C+miRNA%5C+binding%5C+sequences%5C+within%5C+the%5C+entire%5C+rice%5C+samples.%5C+Conversely%2C%5C+positive%5C+selection%5C+allows%5C+variations%5C+at%5C+nonconserved%5C+miRNA%5C+binding%5C+sites%5C+and%5C+acts%5C+on%5C+them%5C+in%5C+a%5C+population%5C-specific%5C+behaviour.%5C+Further%5C+analysis%5C+revealed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+polymorphisms%5C+within%5C+target%5C+sites%5C+may%5C+serve%5C+as%5C+raw%5C+materials%5C+for%5C+diverse%5C+functions%5C+of%5C+miRNAs%5C+by%5C+means%5C+of%5C+the%5C+destabilization%5C+of%5C+duplex%2C%5C+abolishment%5C+of%5C+existing%5C+target%5C+sites%2C%5C+and%5C+creation%5C+of%5C+novel%5C+ones.%5C+Together%2C%5C+the%5C+above%5C-mentioned%5C+results%5C+indicate%5C+that%5C+variations%5C+at%5C+conserved%5C+binding%5C+sites%5C+are%5C+likely%5C+deleterious%5C+during%5C+rice%5C+flower%5C+development%2C%5C+whereas%5C+variants%5C+at%5C+nonconserved%5C+binding%5C+sites%5C+may%5C+be%5C+conductive%5C+to%5C+flower%5C+development%5C-related%5C+phenotypic%5C+diversities%5C+and%5C+rice%5C+population%5C+adaption%5C+to%5C+variable%5C+environmental%5C+conditions%5C+as%5C+well.%5C+To%5C+further%5C+assess%5C+functional%5C+effects%5C+and%5C+evolutionary%5C+significance%5C+of%5C+variable%5C+alleles%5C+at%5C+the%5C+target%5C+genes%2C%5C+we%5C+reported%5C+the%5C+detailed%5C+characterization%5C+of%5C+the%5C+haplotype%5C+and%5C+linkage%5C+disequilibrium%5C+%5C%28LD%5C%29%5C+patterns%5C+of%5C+the%5C+entire%5C+target%5C+gene%5C+%5C%28LOC_Os01g18850%EF%BC%8CSPL%5C+1%5C%29%5C+and%5C+the%5C+1.4%5C+Mb%5C+flanking%5C+regions%5C+in%5C+three%5C+rice%5C+populations%2C%5C+namely%5C+japonica%2C%5C+indica%5C+and%5C+O.%5C+rufipogon.%5C+The%5C+genetic%5C+profile%5C+of%5C+SNPs%5C+at%5C+target%5C+site%5C+and%5C+its%5C+flanking%5C+regions%5C+revealed%5C+high%5C+haplotype%5C+frequency%2C%5C+low%5C+haplotype%5C+diversity%5C+and%5C+strong%5C+LD%5C+in%5C+two%5C+cultivatedricepopulations.%5C+By%5C+contrast%2C%5C+we%5C+observed%5C+the%5C+opposite%5C+phenomena%5C+in%5C+O.%5C+rufipogon.%5C+Using%5C+the%5C+long%5C-range%5C+haplotype%5C+%5C%28LRT%5C%29%5C+test%2C%5C+we%5C+found%5C+strong%5C+evidence%5C+of%5C+recent%5C+positive%5C+selection%5C+for%5C+SNP%5C+3C%5C%2FT%5C+alleles%5C+at%5C+target%5C+site%5C+in%5C+the%5C+combined%5C+O.%5C+sativa.%5C+Comparsion%5C+between%5C+the%5C+two%5C+rice%5C+subpopulations%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+the%5C+major%5C+haplotype%5C+mh%5C+2%5C+containing%5C+SNP%5C+3C%5C+accounts%5C+for%5C+half%5C+of%5C+all%5C+haplotypes%5C+in%5C+indica%2C%5C+while%5C+mh%5C+3%5C+containing%5C+SNP%5C+3T%5C+is%5C+91%25%5C+in%5C+japonica.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+the%5C+extent%5C+of%5C+LD%5C+is%5C+stronger%5C+in%5C+japonica%5C+than%5C+that%5C+in%5C+inidca.%5C+These%5C+differences%5C+suggest%5C+that%5C+independent%5C+evolutionary%5C+events%5C+may%5C+have%5C+occurred%5C+in%5C+target%5C+sequences%5C+of%5C+two%5C+cultivated%5C+rice%5C+populations%5C+and%5C+stronger%5C+positive%5C+selection%5C+acted%5C+on%5C+japonica.%5C+Next%2C%5C+we%5C+examined%5C+geographic%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+polymorphic%5C+variants%5C+at%5C+target%5C+sites.%5C+We%5C+found%5C+that%5C+the%5C+major%5C+alleles%5C+SNP%5C+3T%5C+and%5C+tightly%5C+linked%5C+SNP%5C+4A%5C+in%5C+japonica%5C+appear%5C+to%5C+be%5C+associated%5C+with%5C+the%5C+adaption%5C+to%5C+the%5C+northern%5C+climates%5C+during%5C+rice%5C+flower%5C+development."},{"jsname":"In the present study, we focused on “Pterygiella complex”, included Pterygiella Oliver, Xizangia D.Y. Hong, Phtheirospermum Bunge ex Fischer & C.A. Meyer, and Pseudobartsia D.Y. Hong, which is endemic to Eastern Asia. Based on chloroplast and nuclear sequences, we explored their phylogeny relationships within Orobanchaceae, the species relations within Pterygiella, and fruit and seed morphology of traditional tribe Rhinantheae. The phylogeny of “Pterygiella complex” was reconstructed based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences within the family Orobanchaceae. The genera relationship within the complex was reconstructed based on chloroplast sequences of atpB-rbcL, atpH-I, psbA-trnH, rpl16, trnL-F and trnS-G. The results showed that “Pterygiella complex” was not a natural group and could be divided into two different clades. Clade I included most taxa, e.g. Pterygiella, Xizangia, Pseudobartsia, Phtheirospermum (exclude P. japonicum). The species of this clade were endemic to East-Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains region. Clade II included Phtheirospermum japonicum (Thunberg) Kanitz, which was a heterogeneous member in genus Phtheirospermum and should be treated as a new monotypic genus. The results supported that Pterygiella bartschioides Hand.-Mazz. and Phtheirospermum glandulosum Benth. should be elevated to genus level as Xizangia and Pseudobartsia, respectively.Furthermore, we focused on the genus Pterygiella to explore the species’ circumscription by molecular phylogeny, DNA barcodes and morphological studies. The results suggested that Pterygiella should divide into three clades. P. duclouxii was divided into clade I and clade II, and P. nigrescens was included the clade I of these P. duclouxii taxa, with which it shares eglandular hairs on the stem. Clade III included P. suffruticosa and P. cylindrica, while the level of inter- and intra-species variation in two species did not support their distinction. Therefore, P. suffruticosa should move into or considered as a variety of P. cylindrica. The form of stem, leaf veins and the indumentum of stems are key traits for circumscribing the species within the genus. By comparing the effectiveness with core DNA barcodes, ITS-2 can be used as suitable DNA barcode in the genus Pterygiella.Fruit and seed characteristics of 49 species in 21 genera of the tribe Rhinantheae and 9 species in 9 genera of Orobachaceae were examined. 25 characters were selected and analyzed by principal component analysis for discovering the systematic significances. The results suggested four main types and six subtypes were distinguished based on gross seed coat appearance, inner tangential wall and thickenings of radial wall. Fruit and seed data reflect the close relationships within “Pterygiella complex”. While, Xizangia was distinctly different from Pterygiella. Phtheirospermum tenuisectum was more similar to the member of section minutisepala within the genus Phtheiroseprmum. Phtheirospermum japonicum was heterogeneous within the genus Phtheirospermum. On the whole, fruit and seed data supported Xizangia and Pseudobartsia as a genus rank and Phtheirospermum japonicum was a heterogeneous member in Phtheirospermum","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=location.comm.id&advanced=false&query1=Early%2BFloral%2BDevelopment&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AIn%5C+the%5C+present%5C+study%2C%5C+we%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D%2C%5C+included%5C+Pterygiella%5C+Oliver%2C%5C+Xizangia%5C+D.Y.%5C+Hong%2C%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+Bunge%5C+ex%5C+Fischer%5C+%5C%26%5C+C.A.%5C+Meyer%2C%5C+and%5C+Pseudobartsia%5C+D.Y.%5C+Hong%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+Eastern%5C+Asia.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%5C+and%5C+nuclear%5C+sequences%2C%5C+we%5C+explored%5C+their%5C+phylogeny%5C+relationships%5C+within%5C+Orobanchaceae%2C%5C+the%5C+species%5C+relations%5C+within%5C+Pterygiella%2C%5C+and%5C+fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+morphology%5C+of%5C+traditional%5C+tribe%5C+Rhinantheae.%5C+The%5C+phylogeny%5C+of%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D%5C+was%5C+reconstructed%5C+based%5C+on%5C+nuclear%5C+and%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequences%5C+within%5C+the%5C+family%5C+Orobanchaceae.%5C+The%5C+genera%5C+relationship%5C+within%5C+the%5C+complex%5C+was%5C+reconstructed%5C+based%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequences%5C+of%5C+atpB%5C-rbcL%2C%5C+atpH%5C-I%2C%5C+psbA%5C-trnH%2C%5C+rpl16%2C%5C+trnL%5C-F%5C+and%5C+trnS%5C-G.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D%5C+was%5C+not%5C+a%5C+natural%5C+group%5C+and%5C+could%5C+be%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+two%5C+different%5C+clades.%5C+Clade%5C+I%5C+included%5C+most%5C+taxa%2C%5C+e.g.%5C+Pterygiella%2C%5C+Xizangia%2C%5C+Pseudobartsia%2C%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+%5C%28exclude%5C+P.%5C+japonicum%5C%29.%5C+The%5C+species%5C+of%5C+this%5C+clade%5C+were%5C+endemic%5C+to%5C+East%5C-Himalaya%5C+and%5C+Hengduan%5C+Mountains%5C+region.%5C+Clade%5C+II%5C+included%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+japonicum%5C+%5C%28Thunberg%5C%29%5C+Kanitz%2C%5C+which%5C+was%5C+a%5C+heterogeneous%5C+member%5C+in%5C+genus%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+and%5C+should%5C+be%5C+treated%5C+as%5C+a%5C+new%5C+monotypic%5C+genus.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+supported%5C+that%5C+Pterygiella%5C+bartschioides%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%5C+and%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+glandulosum%5C+Benth.%5C+should%5C+be%5C+elevated%5C+to%5C+genus%5C+level%5C+as%5C+Xizangia%5C+and%5C+Pseudobartsia%2C%5C+respectively.Furthermore%2C%5C+we%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Pterygiella%5C+to%5C+explore%5C+the%5C+species%E2%80%99%5C+circumscription%5C+by%5C+molecular%5C+phylogeny%2C%5C+DNA%5C+barcodes%5C+and%5C+morphological%5C+studies.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+Pterygiella%5C+should%5C+divide%5C+into%5C+three%5C+clades.%5C+P.%5C+duclouxii%5C+was%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+clade%5C+I%5C+and%5C+clade%5C+II%2C%5C+and%5C+P.%5C+nigrescens%5C+was%5C+included%5C+the%5C+clade%5C+I%5C+of%5C+these%5C+P.%5C+duclouxii%5C+taxa%2C%5C+with%5C+which%5C+it%5C+shares%5C+eglandular%5C+hairs%5C+on%5C+the%5C+stem.%5C+Clade%5C+III%5C+included%5C+P.%5C+suffruticosa%5C+and%5C+P.%5C+cylindrica%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+level%5C+of%5C+inter%5C-%5C+and%5C+intra%5C-species%5C+variation%5C+in%5C+two%5C+species%5C+did%5C+not%5C+support%5C+their%5C+distinction.%5C+Therefore%2C%5C+P.%5C+suffruticosa%5C+should%5C+move%5C+into%5C+or%5C+considered%5C+as%5C+a%5C+variety%5C+of%5C+P.%5C+cylindrica.%5C+The%5C+form%5C+of%5C+stem%2C%5C+leaf%5C+veins%5C+and%5C+the%5C+indumentum%5C+of%5C+stems%5C+are%5C+key%5C+traits%5C+for%5C+circumscribing%5C+the%5C+species%5C+within%5C+the%5C+genus.%5C+By%5C+comparing%5C+the%5C+effectiveness%5C+with%5C+core%5C+DNA%5C+barcodes%2C%5C+ITS%5C-2%5C+can%5C+be%5C+used%5C+as%5C+suitable%5C+DNA%5C+barcode%5C+in%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Pterygiella.Fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+characteristics%5C+of%5C+49%5C+species%5C+in%5C+21%5C+genera%5C+of%5C+the%5C+tribe%5C+Rhinantheae%5C+and%5C+9%5C+species%5C+in%5C+9%5C+genera%5C+of%5C+Orobachaceae%5C+were%5C+examined.%5C+25%5C+characters%5C+were%5C+selected%5C+and%5C+analyzed%5C+by%5C+principal%5C+component%5C+analysis%5C+for%5C+discovering%5C+the%5C+systematic%5C+significances.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+four%5C+main%5C+types%5C+and%5C+six%5C+subtypes%5C+were%5C+distinguished%5C+based%5C+on%5C+gross%5C+seed%5C+coat%5C+appearance%2C%5C+inner%5C+tangential%5C+wall%5C+and%5C+thickenings%5C+of%5C+radial%5C+wall.%5C+Fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+data%5C+reflect%5C+the%5C+close%5C+relationships%5C+within%5C+%E2%80%9CPterygiella%5C+complex%E2%80%9D.%5C+While%2C%5C+Xizangia%5C+was%5C+distinctly%5C+different%5C+from%5C+Pterygiella.%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+tenuisectum%5C+was%5C+more%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+the%5C+member%5C+of%5C+section%5C+minutisepala%5C+within%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Phtheiroseprmum.%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+japonicum%5C+was%5C+heterogeneous%5C+within%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Phtheirospermum.%5C+On%5C+the%5C+whole%2C%5C+fruit%5C+and%5C+seed%5C+data%5C+supported%5C+Xizangia%5C+and%5C+Pseudobartsia%5C+as%5C+a%5C+genus%5C+rank%5C+and%5C+Phtheirospermum%5C+japonicum%5C+was%5C+a%5C+heterogeneous%5C+member%5C+in%5C+Phtheirospermum"},{"jsname":"JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)[17F17094]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=location.comm.id&advanced=false&query1=Early%2BFloral%2BDevelopment&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AJSPS%5C+%5C%28Japan%5C+Society%5C+for%5C+the%5C+Promotion%5C+of%5C+Science%5C%29%5C%5B17F17094%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)[19570083]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=location.comm.id&advanced=false&query1=Early%2BFloral%2BDevelopment&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AJSPS%5C+%5C%28Japan%5C+Society%5C+for%5C+the%5C+Promotion%5C+of%5C+Science%5C%29%5C%5B19570083%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-04-20"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
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中国科学院昆明植物研究所
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中国科学院东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点
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植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实
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中国科学院青藏高原研究所昆明部
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