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资助项目
0.05). For some populations, germination capacity in 12-h photoperiod was significantly higher than that in completed darkness（W-FD: P < 0.01, W-JD: P < 0.05）.Genetic variation within and among six populations was assessed using AFLP markers. Genetic diversity was higher at species level (PPL = 69.19%, HE = 0.221) than at population level (PPL = 26.22%, HE = 0.095, Is =0.140), and populations in southeast Yunnan were strongly differentiated from those in southwest Yunnan (Nei’s GST = 0.575; FST = 0.655). UPGMA analysis demonstrated a clear genetic division between the two populations from DeHong (SW Yunnan; D-JD and D-HG) and the four from WenShan (SE Yunnan; W-FD, W-LH, W-ML, and W-MG). Within-population genetic variation was significantly correlated with population isolation (r(PPL) = -0.94, P = 0.006; r(HE) = -0.85, P = 0.032; r(Is) = -0.87, P = 0.025), but not with population size (r(PPL) = 0.63, P = 0.178; r(HE) = 0.54, P = 0.268; r(Is) = 0.56, P = 0.249).","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&query1=Altitude&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACraigia%5C+yunnanensis%5C+W.%5C+W.%5C+Smith%5C+%5C%26%5C+W.%5C+E.%5C+Evans%5C+%5C%28Tiliaceae%5C%29%5C+is%5C+an%5C+endangered%5C+deciduous%5C+tree%5C+species%5C+which%5C+has%5C+high%5C+scientific%5C+and%5C+economic%5C+value.%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+is%5C+seriously%5C+threatened%5C+and%5C+has%5C+been%5C+pushed%5C+to%5C+the%5C+verge%5C+of%5C+extinction%5C+due%5C+to%5C+vegetation%5C+destruction%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+consequent%5C+contraction%5C+of%5C+its%5C+distribution.%5C+Hence%2C%5C+it%5C+was%5C+listed%5C+as%5C+a%5C+nationally%5C+rare%5C+and%5C+endangered%5C+plant%5C+in%5C+1999%5C+and%5C+has%5C+also%5C+been%5C+proposed%5C+as%5C+a%5C+second%5C-ranked%5C+plant%5C+for%5C+national%5C+protection%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+included%5C+in%5C+IUCN%5C+red%5C+list.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+scientifically%5C+important%5C+and%5C+valued%5C+tree%5C+species%5C+with%5C+endangered%5C+status%2C%5C+the%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+therefore%5C+represent%5C+is%5C+a%5C+genetic%5C+resource%5C+that%5C+must%5C+be%5C+conserved.%5C+To%5C+provide%5C+basic%5C+information%5C+for%5C+its%5C+conservation%2C%5C+the%5C+population%5C+dynamics%5C+and%5C+population%5C+size%5C+structures%2C%5C+pollination%5C+biology%5C+and%5C+breeding%5C+system%2C%5C+eleven%5C+fitness%5C-related%5C+characters%5C+and%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+variability%5C+based%5C+on%5C+AFLP%5C+were%5C+comprehensively%5C+studied.%5C+The%5C+main%5C+results%5C+are%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A%5C+A%5C+total%5C+of%5C+six%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+were%5C+found%5C+in%5C+two%5C+disjunct%5C+regions%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+i.e.%5C+WenShan%5C+%5C%28SE%5C+Yunnan%5C%29%5C+and%5C+DeHong%5C+%5C%28SW%5C+Yunnan%5C%29%2C%5C+from%5C+2005%5C+to%5C+2007.%5C+Additionally%2C%5C+in%5C+all%5C+but%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+populations%5C+we%5C+detected%2C%5C+mature%5C+trees%5C+were%5C+felled%5C+between%5C+2005%5C+and%5C+2007%2C%5C+so%5C+destruction%5C+of%5C+most%5C+of%5C+these%5C+populations%5C+is%5C+ongoing.%5C+Across%5C+the%5C+six%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+extant%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+found%5C+during%5C+our%5C+study%2C%5C+the%5C+total%5C+number%5C+of%5C+mature%5C+%5C%28reproductive%5C%29%5C+individuals%5C+detected%5C+was%5C+584%5C+in%5C+2007%EF%BC%8Cplus%5C+larger%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+seedling%5C+and%5C+resprouts%5C+from%5C+cut%5C+trunks.%5C+The%5C+result%5C+of%5C+surveying%5C+Population%5C+structure%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+there%5C+are%5C+two%5C+regeneration%5C+types%5C+which%5C+are%5C+seedlings%5C+and%5C+sprouts.%5C+Seedlings%5C+occurred%5C+abundantly%5C+in%5C+gaps%5C+or%5C+open%5C+areas%5C+and%5C+the%5C+size%5C+class%5C+frequency%5C+distributions%5C+were%5C+often%5C+discontinuous%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+same%5C+general%5C+pattern%5C+occurred%5C+in%5C+all%5C+the%5C+investigated%5C+populations%5C+for%5C+juveniles%5C+and%5C+adults.%5C+The%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+seed%5C-origin%5C+individuals%5C+did%5C+however%5C+decline%5C+sharply%5C+with%5C+increasing%5C+size%2C%5C+indicating%5C+a%5C+high%5C+mortality%5C+rate%5C+going%5C+from%5C+seedling%5C+to%5C+sapling%5C+stage%5C+may%5C+be%5C+a%5C+problem%5C+for%5C+this%5C+species.%5C+Additionally%2C%5C+the%5C+cash%5C+crop%5C+cultivation%5C+and%5C+logging%5C+seriously%5C+threaten%5C+the%5C+survival%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species.%5C+We%5C+conducted%5C+field%5C+observations%5C+and%5C+artificial%5C+pollination%5C+experiments%5C+on%5C+the%5C+floral%5C+biology%2C%5C+pollination%5C+process%5C+and%5C+breeding%5C+system%5C+of%5C+Craigia%5C+yunnanensis%5C+in%5C+Fadou%2C%5C+Xichou%5C+county%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%5C+province.%5C+The%5C+lifespan%5C+of%5C+a%5C+single%5C+hermaphrodite%5C+flower%5C+is%5C+approximately%5C+3%5C-4%5C+days.%5C+A%5C+cyme%5C+has%5C+2%5C-9%5C+flowered.%5C+The%5C+flowering%5C+period%5C+of%5C+an%5C+inflorescence%5C+is%5C+usually%5C+5%5C-14%5C+days.%5C+The%5C+flowers%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+were%5C+protandrous.%5C+The%5C+stamens%5C+were%5C+within%5C+petal%5C-like%5C+staminodes%5C+in%5C+the%5C+opening%5C+flowers%5C+until%5C+the%5C+flower%5C+withered.%5C+Without%5C+touchment%2C%5C+the%5C+bractlike%5C+staminodes%5C+can%E2%80%99t%5C+open.%5C+Self%5C-pollination%5C+was%5C+partially%5C+avoided%5C+by%5C+temporal%5C+and%5C+spatial%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+male%5C+and%5C+female%5C+organs%5C+within%5C+the%5C+same%5C+flower.%5C+However%2C%5C+autogamous%5C+and%5C+geitonogamous%5C+pollination%5C+is%5C+unavoidable%5C+because%5C+of%5C+the%5C+large%5C+number%5C+of%5C+flowers%5C+on%5C+a%5C+single%5C+tree%5C+and%5C+the%5C+action%5C+of%5C+pollinators.%5C+The%5C+values%5C+of%5C+both%5C+OCI%5C+%5C%28%E2%89%A54%5C%29%5C+and%5C+P%5C%2FO%5C+%5C%281381%5C%29%5C+and%5C+the%5C+results%5C+of%5C+bagging%5C+tests%5C+indicated%5C+there%5C+was%5C+no%5C+apomixes%5C+in%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+and%5C+the%5C+breeding%5C+system%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species%5C+was%5C+outcrossing%5C+with%5C+partial%5C+self%5C-compatibility%5C+and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species, usually called tree ferns, are considered as relicts of a time when dinosaurs were common. In recent several decades, the number of Cyatheaceae plants decreases dramatically. In order to find the reasons and provide directions for protecting these endangered plants, the biological characteristics of Cyatheaceae were surveyed. Using AFLP and cpDNA sequence variations, the genetic diversity and phylogeography of Sphaeropteris brunoniana were also analyzed. Based on these findings, implications for conservation strategies were discussed for this relict tree fern. Main results of the dissertation were summarized as follows, (1) Cyatheaceae plants have extensive distribution in Yunnan, China, and most of them distribute in southeast of Yunnan. In southeast, they usually inhabit margins of evergreen broad-leaved forests or secondary coniferous forests; however, the population update is very different and the age structure is unscientific. The spore of Cyatheaceae is trilete, radially symmetrical, and perinous. The spores of Alsophila species feature a ridged perine and a granular, verrucate or smooth exine. The spores of S. brunoniana are characterized by an incipient granular outermost layer and a verrucate exine. The metaphase chromosome numbers of gametophytes in the three examined species, viz. A. podophylla, A. gigantea and A. austro-yunnanensis, are 69, indicating that they are diploid and do not display variety in chromosome number. The chemical constituents of S. brunoniana are main simple and familiar compounds, such as saccharides, fatty acids and alcohols, and stigmasterols. (2) An unexpectedly high level of nDNA genetic diversity and low cpDNA diversity were detected in S. brunoniana. (3) This study showed that the genetic differentiation among populations within regions was low and between regions was significant. (4) There were several refugia of S. brunoniana in Yunnan during glacial periods. The Hainan populations were likely new colonizations and originated from Southeast Asia. (5) To retain existing genetic diversity, whether in situ or ex situ conservation or collection of germplasm is used, the populations of the two regions should be considered equally. Furthermore, ex situ conservation of this species should be preferably conducted on large populations.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&query1=Altitude&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACyatheaceae%5C+species%2C%5C+usually%5C+called%5C+tree%5C+ferns%2C%5C+are%5C+considered%5C+as%5C+relicts%5C+of%5C+a%5C+time%5C+when%5C+dinosaurs%5C+were%5C+common.%5C+In%5C+recent%5C+several%5C+decades%2C%5C+the%5C+number%5C+of%5C+Cyatheaceae%5C+plants%5C+decreases%5C+dramatically.%5C+In%5C+order%5C+to%5C+find%5C+the%5C+reasons%5C+and%5C+provide%5C+directions%5C+for%5C+protecting%5C+these%5C+endangered%5C+plants%2C%5C+the%5C+biological%5C+characteristics%5C+of%5C+Cyatheaceae%5C+were%5C+surveyed.%5C+Using%5C+AFLP%5C+and%5C+cpDNA%5C+sequence%5C+variations%2C%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+and%5C+phylogeography%5C+of%5C+Sphaeropteris%5C+brunoniana%5C+were%5C+also%5C+analyzed.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+these%5C+findings%2C%5C+implications%5C+for%5C+conservation%5C+strategies%5C+were%5C+discussed%5C+for%5C+this%5C+relict%5C+tree%5C+fern.%5C+Main%5C+results%5C+of%5C+the%5C+dissertation%5C+were%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%2C%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%5C+Cyatheaceae%5C+plants%5C+have%5C+extensive%5C+distribution%5C+in%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+China%2C%5C+and%5C+most%5C+of%5C+them%5C+distribute%5C+in%5C+southeast%5C+of%5C+Yunnan.%5C+In%5C+southeast%2C%5C+they%5C+usually%5C+inhabit%5C+margins%5C+of%5C+evergreen%5C+broad%5C-leaved%5C+forests%5C+or%5C+secondary%5C+coniferous%5C+forests%5C%3B%5C+however%2C%5C+the%5C+population%5C+update%5C+is%5C+very%5C+different%5C+and%5C+the%5C+age%5C+structure%5C+is%5C+unscientific.%5C+The%5C+spore%5C+of%5C+Cyatheaceae%5C+is%5C+trilete%2C%5C+radially%5C+symmetrical%2C%5C+and%5C+perinous.%5C+The%5C+spores%5C+of%5C+Alsophila%5C+species%5C+feature%5C+a%5C+ridged%5C+perine%5C+and%5C+a%5C+granular%2C%5C+verrucate%5C+or%5C+smooth%5C+exine.%5C+The%5C+spores%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+brunoniana%5C+are%5C+characterized%5C+by%5C+an%5C+incipient%5C+granular%5C+outermost%5C+layer%5C+and%5C+a%5C+verrucate%5C+exine.%5C+The%5C+metaphase%5C+chromosome%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+gametophytes%5C+in%5C+the%5C+three%5C+examined%5C+species%2C%5C+viz.%5C+A.%5C+podophylla%2C%5C+A.%5C+gigantea%5C+and%5C+A.%5C+austro%5C-yunnanensis%2C%5C+are%5C+69%2C%5C+indicating%5C+that%5C+they%5C+are%5C+diploid%5C+and%5C+do%5C+not%5C+display%5C+variety%5C+in%5C+chromosome%5C+number.%5C+The%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+brunoniana%5C+are%5C+main%5C+simple%5C+and%5C+familiar%5C+compounds%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+saccharides%2C%5C+fatty%5C+acids%5C+and%5C+alcohols%2C%5C+and%5C+stigmasterols.%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%5C+An%5C+unexpectedly%5C+high%5C+level%5C+of%5C+nDNA%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+and%5C+low%5C+cpDNA%5C+diversity%5C+were%5C+detected%5C+in%5C+S.%5C+brunoniana.%5C+%5C%283%5C%29%5C+This%5C+study%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+among%5C+populations%5C+within%5C+regions%5C+was%5C+low%5C+and%5C+between%5C+regions%5C+was%5C+significant.%5C+%5C%284%5C%29%5C+There%5C+were%5C+several%5C+refugia%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+brunoniana%5C+in%5C+Yunnan%5C+during%5C+glacial%5C+periods.%5C+The%5C+Hainan%5C+populations%5C+were%5C+likely%5C+new%5C+colonizations%5C+and%5C+originated%5C+from%5C+Southeast%5C+Asia.%5C+%5C%285%5C%29%5C+To%5C+retain%5C+existing%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%2C%5C+whether%5C+in%5C+situ%5C+or%5C+ex%5C+situ%5C+conservation%5C+or%5C+collection%5C+of%5C+germplasm%5C+is%5C+used%2C%5C+the%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+the%5C+two%5C+regions%5C+should%5C+be%5C+considered%5C+equally.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+ex%5C+situ%5C+conservation%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%5C+should%5C+be%5C+preferably%5C+conducted%5C+on%5C+large%5C+populations."},{"jsname":"During a field trip at a brule in Shangri-La, a mixed population of Ligularia Cass. was found, which including L. subspicata (Bur. et Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., L. nelumbifolia (Bur. et Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., L. tongolensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., L. cymbulifera (W.W.Smith) Hand.-Mazz., L. lingiana S.W.Liu, and also some individuals morphologically intermediate between L. subspicata and L. nelumbifolia. Hence, these intermediate individuals were preliminarily assumed as natural hybrids of the two Ligularia. According to their morphology, they’re assumed to form hybrids A and B. Through careful comparison of specimens in herbarium and those we collected, the inflorescence of putative hybrid A is close to L. nelumbifolia, but the shape of laminae are intergradation of L. subspicata and L. nelumbifolia; overall morphology of putative hybrids B is similar to L. nelumbifolia, but inflorescence color is as same as L. subspicata. Compared to L. nelumbifolia (39%) and L. subspicata (36.8%), the germination rate of putative hybrid B (45.7%) slightly higher than the two; but that of hybrid A is extraordinarily low (0.3%). One possible interpretation of the low rate is hybridization. 60 individuals were collected, including putative parents, other 4 species of Ligularia nearby, putative hybrid A and B. They were all direct sequenced of four cpDNA fragments, and direct sequenced or cloning sequenced of nrDNA ITS4-5. The results support that L. nelumbifolia and L. subspicata are parents of putative hybrid A, and the majority female parent is L. subspicata, L. vellerea may also be involved in the hybridization in some degree; the nuclear sequences of putative hybrid B have no superposition, and its chloroplast DNA sequences are identical with L. nelumbifolia, so putative hybrid B could not be hybrid; and there are backcross individuals exist among the putative parent L. subspicata. NewHybrids analysis of ISSR markers indicated that, the individuals of putative hybrid A are almost L. nelumbifolia and L. subspicata F1 hybrid generation (10/11), only 1/11 possibly backcross or other forms; all individuals of hybrid B are L. nelumbifolia; except one individual of L. subspicata as backcrossed, the other parent individuals are 100% reliable. This study focused on molecular evidence, complemented by ecological, reproductive and other characteristics, we demonstrated that the morphologically intermediate individuals’ origin, and the probability of belonging to each parental or hybrid class. And concluded that L. nelumbifolia and L. subspicata are the parents of putative hybrid A, L. vellerea may also be involved in the hybridization in some degree, hybrids mainly are the first generation, a few individuals may be involved in backcross, and most probably backcross with L. subspicata according to the anthesis, while the assumption of hybrid B is not supported.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&query1=Altitude&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ADuring%5C+a%5C+field%5C+trip%5C+at%5C+a%5C+brule%5C+in%5C+Shangri%5C-La%2C%5C+a%5C+mixed%5C+population%5C+of%5C+Ligularia%5C+Cass.%5C+was%5C+found%2C%5C+which%5C+including%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+%5C%28Bur.%5C+et%5C+Franch.%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+%5C%28Bur.%5C+et%5C+Franch.%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+%5C%28Franch.%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+cymbulifera%5C+%5C%28W.W.Smith%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+lingiana%5C+S.W.Liu%2C%5C+and%5C+also%5C+some%5C+individuals%5C+morphologically%5C+intermediate%5C+between%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia.%5C+Hence%2C%5C+these%5C+intermediate%5C+individuals%5C+were%5C+preliminarily%5C+assumed%5C+as%5C+natural%5C+hybrids%5C+of%5C+the%5C+two%5C+Ligularia.%5C+According%5C+to%5C+their%5C+morphology%2C%5C+they%E2%80%99re%5C+assumed%5C+to%5C+form%5C+hybrids%5C+A%5C+and%5C+B.%5C+Through%5C+careful%5C+comparison%5C+of%5C+specimens%5C+in%5C+herbarium%5C+and%5C+those%5C+we%5C+collected%2C%5C+the%5C+inflorescence%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+is%5C+close%5C+to%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%2C%5C+but%5C+the%5C+shape%5C+of%5C+laminae%5C+are%5C+intergradation%C2%A0of%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C%3B%5C+overall%5C+morphology%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrids%5C+B%5C+is%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%2C%5C+but%5C+inflorescence%5C+color%5C+is%5C+as%5C+same%5C+as%5C+L.%5C+subspicata.%5C+Compared%5C+to%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+%5C%2839%25%5C%29%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+%5C%2836.8%25%5C%29%2C%5C+the%5C+germination%5C+rate%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+%5C%2845.7%25%5C%29%5C+slightly%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+the%5C+two%5C%3B%5C+but%5C+that%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+is%5C+extraordinarily%5C+low%5C+%5C%280.3%25%5C%29.%5C+One%5C+possible%5C+interpretation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+low%5C+rate%5C+is%5C+hybridization.%5C+60%5C+individuals%5C+were%5C+collected%2C%5C+including%5C+putative%5C+parents%2C%5C+other%5C+4%5C+species%5C+of%5C+Ligularia%5C+nearby%2C%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+and%5C+B.%5C+They%5C+were%5C+all%5C+direct%5C+sequenced%5C+of%5C+four%5C+cpDNA%5C+fragments%2C%5C+and%5C+direct%5C+sequenced%5C+or%5C+cloning%5C+sequenced%5C+of%5C+nrDNA%5C+ITS4%5C-5.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+support%5C+that%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+are%5C+parents%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+majority%5C+female%5C+parent%5C+is%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%2C%5C+L.%5C+vellerea%5C+may%5C+also%5C+be%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+the%5C+hybridization%5C+in%5C+some%5C+degree%5C%3B%5C+the%5C+nuclear%5C+sequences%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+have%5C+no%5C+superposition%2C%5C+and%5C+its%5C+chloroplast%5C+DNA%5C+sequences%5C+are%5C+identical%5C+with%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%2C%5C+so%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+could%5C+not%5C+be%5C+hybrid%5C%3B%5C+and%5C+there%5C+are%5C+backcross%5C+individuals%5C+exist%5C+among%5C+the%5C+putative%5C+parent%5C+L.%5C+subspicata.%5C+NewHybrids%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+ISSR%5C+markers%5C+indicated%5C+that%2C%5C+the%5C+individuals%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+are%5C+almost%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+F1%5C+hybrid%5C+generation%5C+%5C%2810%5C%2F11%5C%29%2C%5C+only%5C+1%5C%2F11%5C+possibly%5C+backcross%5C+or%5C+other%5C+forms%5C%3B%5C+all%5C+individuals%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+are%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C%3B%5C+except%5C+one%5C+individual%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+as%5C+backcrossed%2C%5C+the%5C+other%5C+parent%5C+individuals%5C+are%5C+100%25%5C+reliable.%5C+This%5C+study%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+molecular%5C+evidence%2C%5C+complemented%5C+by%5C+ecological%2C%5C+reproductive%5C+and%5C+other%5C+characteristics%2C%5C+we%5C+demonstrated%5C+that%5C+the%5C+morphologically%5C+intermediate%5C+individuals%E2%80%99%5C+origin%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+probability%5C+of%5C+belonging%5C+to%5C+each%5C+parental%5C+or%5C+hybrid%5C+class.%5C+And%5C+concluded%5C+that%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+are%5C+the%5C+parents%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%2C%5C+L.%5C+vellerea%5C+may%5C+also%5C+be%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+the%5C+hybridization%5C+in%5C+some%5C+degree%2C%5C+hybrids%5C+mainly%5C+are%5C+the%5C+first%5C+generation%2C%5C+a%5C+few%5C+individuals%5C+may%5C+be%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+backcross%2C%5C+and%5C+most%5C+probably%5C+backcross%5C+with%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+according%5C+to%5C+the%5C+anthesis%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+assumption%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+is%5C+not%5C+supported."},{"jsname":"GIZ/BMZ on behalf of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany[13.1432.7-001.00]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&query1=Altitude&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AGIZ%5C%2FBMZ%5C+on%5C+behalf%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Government%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Federal%5C+Republic%5C+of%5C+Germany%5C%5B13.1432.7%5C-001.00%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Guizhou Natural Science Foundation[Qiankehe LH (2016) 7206]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&query1=Altitude&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AGuizhou%5C+Natural%5C+Science%5C+Foundation%5C%5BQiankehe%5C+LH%5C+%5C%282016%5C%29%5C+7206%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"ITC Research Fund from the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, the 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