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资助项目
6 could use lots of photosynthates, but contributed little to the accumulation of biomass. 4. Photosynthetic rate of P. armeniacum decreased a little at the noon, and the highest photosynthetic rate was observed at 10:00h in the greenhouse. The variation of photosynthetic rate was in the same trend as stomatal conductance. Higher relative humidity seemed to be the key for higher photosynthetic rate in P. armeniacum. 5. The photosynthetic capacity of C. flavum was statistically larger than that of P. armeniacum. The lower leaf photosynthetic capacity of P. armeniacum was related to its lower leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration and enzyme activities. Meanwhile, the extremely lower stomatal conductance and internal mesophyll conductance might greatly limit the photosynthetic capacity of P. armeniacum. The lower stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of Paphiopedilum might partially caused by the lack of chloroplasts in the guard cell of Paphiopedilum. Compared with C. flavum, P. armeniacum was more fond of shade environment.6. The short longevity leaf of Cypripedium had bigger photosynthetic capacity and greater potential for fast growth. But the longer LL of Paphiopedilum enhanced nutrient conservation which could compensate its lower photosynthetic capacity. The short longevity leaf of Cypripedium usually had higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf mass and dark respiration rate, and photosynthetic capacity decreased fast with leaf age. However, for Paphiopedilum, the situation was the opposite. 7. Compared with Cypripedium, Paphiopedilum had higher water use efficiency and lower photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. 8. The leaf of Paphiopedilum had higher leaf construction cost and longer repayment time than that of Cypripedium. The leaf structures and physiological functions of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium reflected the adaptation to their habitats. The leaf morphological and physiological evolution of Paphiopedilum was related to water and resource-conserving traits in the karst habitat. The leaf traits of Cypripedium were the adaptation to the environment rich in water and nutrients but easy to change with seasons.Our results provided evidence of divergent evolution of congeneric orchids under natural selection.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E5%259B%25AD&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3APaphiopedilum%5C+and%5C+Cypripedium%5C+are%5C+close%5C+relatives%5C+belonging%5C+to%5C+the%5C+subfamily%5C+Cypripedioideae.%5C+However%2C%5C+they%5C+undergo%5C+considerable%5C+divergence%5C+in%5C+the%5C+aspects%5C+of%5C+life%5C+forms%2C%5C+leaf%5C+traits%5C+and%5C+habitats.%5C+In%5C+present%5C+study%2C%5C+leaf%5C+morphologies%5C+and%5C+anatomical%5C+structures%2C%5C+leaf%5C+lifespans%2C%5C+leaf%5C+mass%5C+per%5C+area%2C%5C+photosynthetic%5C+capacities%2C%5C+nutrient%5C+use%5C+efficiencies%2C%5C+leaf%5C+construction%5C+costs%2C%5C+and%5C+maintenance%5C+costs%5C+were%5C+investigated%5C+to%5C+understand%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+leaf%5C+traits%5C+and%5C+ecophysiological%5C+adaptability%5C+of%5C+the%5C+two%5C+types%5C+of%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+explore%5C+the%5C+related%5C+ecological%5C+and%5C+evolutionary%5C+significances.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggest%5C+that%5C%3A1.%5C+Compared%5C+with%5C+Cypripedium%2C%5C+Paphiopedilum%5C+was%5C+characterized%5C+by%5C+drought%5C+tolerance%5C+from%5C+its%5C+leaf%5C+anatomical%5C+structure%5C+including%5C+fleshy%5C+leaf%2C%5C+thicker%5C+surface%5C+cuticle%2C%5C+huge%5C+abaxial%5C+epidermis%5C+cells%2C%5C+differentiation%5C+of%5C+palisade%5C+and%5C+spongy%5C+mesophyll%5C+layers%2C%5C+the%5C+prominent%5C+of%5C+mucilaginous%5C+substances%2C%5C+supportable%5C+leaf%5C+main%5C+vein%2C%5C+lower%5C+total%5C+stoma%5C+area%5C+%5C%28%25%5C%29%2C%5C+sunken%5C+stomata%5C+and%5C+special%5C+stoma%5C+structure.%5C+Leaf%5C+morphologies%5C+and%5C+structures%5C+of%5C+Cypripedium%5C+were%5C+to%5C+the%5C+contrary%5C+of%5C+Paphiopedilum.%5C+Leaf%5C+morphologies%5C+and%5C+structures%5C+embodied%5C+the%5C+adaptation%5C+to%5C+the%5C+environment%5C+in%5C+both%5C+Paphiopedilum%5C+and%5C+Cypripedium.%5C+Our%5C+results%5C+also%5C+confirmed%5C+the%5C+previous%5C+observation%5C+that%5C+Paphiopedilum%5C+was%5C+the%5C+only%5C+genus%5C+that%5C+did%5C+not%5C+possess%5C+guard%5C+cell%5C+chloroplasts.2.%5C+The%5C+photosynthetic%5C+capacities%5C+of%5C+P.%5C+armeniacum%5C+leaves%5C+were%5C+different%5C+with%5C+different%5C+leaf%5C+ages.%5C+The%5C+highest%5C+photosynthetic%5C+capacity%5C+occurred%5C+in%5C+leaf%5C+age%5C+1%5C-2%5C+years%2C%5C+followed%5C+by%5C+1%5C+year%5C+and%5C+2%5C-4%5C+years.%5C+The%5C+highest%5C+photosynthetic%5C+capacity%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+flavum%5C+occurred%5C+in%5C+leaf%5C+age%5C+60%5C+days%2C%5C+followed%5C+by%5C+30%5C+days%2C%5C+90%5C+days%5C+and%5C+120%5C+days.%5C+3.%5C+Photosynthetic%5C+capacities%5C+of%5C+different%5C+leaf%5C+positions%5C+were%5C+mainly%5C+affected%5C+by%5C+leaf%5C+ages%5C+in%5C+P.%5C+armeniacum.%5C+The%5C+four%5C+leaves%5C+lying%5C+on%5C+the%5C+top%5C+did%5C+the%5C+most%5C+accumulation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+assimilation%5C+products%5C+in%5C+the%5C+whole%5C+plant.%5C+The%5C+leaves%5C+of%5C+sequence%5C+number%5C+%3E%5C+6%5C+could%5C+use%5C+lots%5C+of%5C+photosynthates%2C%5C+but%5C+contributed%5C+little%5C+to%5C+the%5C+accumulation%5C+of%5C+biomass.%5C+4.%5C+Photosynthetic%5C+rate%5C+of%5C+P.%5C+armeniacum%5C+decreased%5C+a%5C+little%5C+at%5C+the%5C+noon%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+highest%5C+photosynthetic%5C+rate%5C+was%5C+observed%5C+at%5C+10%5C%3A00h%5C+in%5C+the%5C+greenhouse.%5C+The%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+photosynthetic%5C+rate%5C+was%5C+in%5C+the%5C+same%5C+trend%5C+as%5C+stomatal%5C+conductance.%5C+Higher%5C+relative%5C+humidity%5C+seemed%5C+to%5C+be%5C+the%5C+key%5C+for%5C+higher%5C+photosynthetic%5C+rate%5C+in%5C+P.%5C+armeniacum.%5C+5.%5C+The%5C+photosynthetic%5C+capacity%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+flavum%5C+was%5C+statistically%5C+larger%5C+than%5C+that%5C+of%5C+P.%5C+armeniacum.%5C+The%5C+lower%5C+leaf%5C+photosynthetic%5C+capacity%5C+of%5C+P.%5C+armeniacum%5C+was%5C+related%5C+to%5C+its%5C+lower%5C+leaf%5C+nitrogen%5C+concentration%2Cleaf%5C+phosphorus%5C+concentration%5C+and%5C+enzyme%5C+activities.%5C+Meanwhile%2C%5C+the%5C+extremely%5C+lower%5C+stomatal%5C+conductance%5C+and%5C+internal%5C+mesophyll%5C+conductance%5C+might%5C+greatly%5C+limit%5C+the%5C+photosynthetic%5C+capacity%5C+of%5C+P.%5C+armeniacum.%5C+The%5C+lower%5C+stomatal%5C+conductance%5C+and%5C+photosynthetic%5C+rate%5C+of%5C+Paphiopedilum%5C+might%5C+partially%5C+caused%5C+by%5C+the%5C+lack%5C+of%5C+chloroplasts%5C+in%5C+the%5C+guard%5C+cell%5C+of%5C+Paphiopedilum.%5C+Compared%5C+with%5C+C.%5C+flavum%2C%5C+P.%5C+armeniacum%5C+was%5C+more%5C+fond%5C+of%5C+shade%5C+environment.6.%5C+The%5C+short%5C+longevity%5C+leaf%5C+of%5C+Cypripedium%5C+had%5C+bigger%5C+photosynthetic%5C+capacity%5C+and%5C+greater%5C+potential%5C+for%5C+fast%5C+growth.%5C+But%5C+the%5C+longer%5C+LL%5C+of%5C+Paphiopedilum%5C+enhanced%5C+nutrient%5C+conservation%5C+which%5C+could%5C+compensate%5C+its%5C+lower%5C+photosynthetic%5C+capacity.%5C+The%5C+short%5C+longevity%5C+leaf%5C+of%5C+Cypripedium%5C+usually%5C+had%5C+higher%5C+photosynthet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in the genus of Pedicularis L. have high values in horticulture and some species are medicinal plants. However, they have a reputation for being uncultivable, which is an obstacle for their exploitation and utilization. In this dissertation, the hemiparasitism of Pedicularis species was studied systematically for the first time, and the successful cultivation of three Pedicularis species (Pedicularis densispica，Pedicularis cephalantha and Pedicularis rex) throughout all life stages was achieved for the first time. With several representative species as main study materials, a series of experiments on seed germination, vegetation survey in Pedicularis communities, and pot cultivation were carried out. We studied Pedicularis parasitic habit systematically and aimed to achieve progress in the cultivation of Pedicularis species based on the understanding of their parasitic habit. The main results are as follows:1. The dormancy showed by the tested Pedicularis species was non-deep physiological dormancy. Seed dormancy could be overcome by moist-chilling and GA3. Cold stratification for 30-60 days, or 500-1000 mg/L GA3 were the optimal treatments for germination percentage, and stratification for 15 days, or 1000 mg/L GA3 were the optimal treatments for mean germination time. The combination of cold stratification and GA3 were more effective measures to promote seed germination. The optimal germination conditions varied with species, while as a whole, the highest germination percentages were obtained from treatments of 500-1000 mg/L GA3 followed by 15-30 days stratification, and the lowest values of mean germination time were obtained from treatments of 100-1000mg/L GA3 followed by 15-day stratification. Seed germination was not the obstacle for the cultivation of Pedicularis species.2. Host range and host selectivity of a Pedicularis species were studied systematically for the first time. Examinations of haustorial connections revealed that P. densispica had a wide host range, and it can form haustorial connections on the roots of 33 species belonging to 14 families. Compositae (8 species), Gramineae (5 species) and Leguminosae (5 species) species comprised major hosts. In addition, self-parasitism was observed. Haustoria were non-randomly distributed among host species, suggesting that there was some host selectivity. P. densispica generally preferred species in the families of Gramineae and Cyperaceae. The results of association analysis and correlation analysis based on vegetation survey supported the result of examinations of haustorial connections. And correlation analysis was a better way to test host selectivity.3. This is the first report for the performance of Pedicularis species in cultivation throughout all life stages (from seeds to seeds). The high dependence of Pedicularis specieson host plants and their host preference were demonstrated in this study. Pedicularis speciesstrongly depended on host presence, while host plants were essential to Pedicularis speciesnot for survival but for proper development. Different Pedicularis species preferred to different hosts. Host defoliation was a useful promoting measure for the cultivation of Pedicularis species. Pedicularis species reduced the performance of host plants. With the assistance of hosts, three Pedicularis species were cultivated successfully and they retained high horticulture quality.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E5%259B%25AD&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3APlants%5C+in%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+of%5C+Pedicularis%5C+L.%5C+have%5C+high%5C+values%5C+in%5C+horticulture%5C+and%5C+some%5C+species%5C+are%5C+medicinal%5C+plants.%5C+However%2C%5C+they%5C+have%5C+a%5C+reputation%5C+for%5C+being%5C+uncultivable%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+an%5C+obstacle%5C+for%5C+their%5C+exploitation%5C+and%5C+utilization.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+dissertation%2C%5C+the%5C+hemiparasitism%5C+of%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species%5C+was%5C+studied%5C+systematically%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+successful%5C+cultivation%5C+of%5C+three%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species%5C+%5C%28Pedicularis%5C+densispica%EF%BC%8CPedicularis%5C+cephalantha%5C+and%5C+Pedicularis%5C+rex%5C%29%5C+throughout%5C+all%5C+life%5C+stages%5C+was%5C+achieved%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time.%5C+With%5C+several%5C+representative%5C+species%5C+as%5C+main%5C+study%5C+materials%2C%5C+a%5C+series%5C+of%5C+experiments%5C+on%5C+seed%5C+germination%2C%5C+vegetation%5C+survey%5C+in%5C+Pedicularis%5C+communities%2C%5C+and%5C+pot%5C+cultivation%5C+were%5C+carried%5C+out.%5C+We%5C+studied%5C+Pedicularis%5C+parasitic%5C+habit%5C+systematically%5C+and%5C+aimed%5C+to%5C+achieve%5C+progress%5C+in%5C+the%5C+cultivation%5C+of%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species%5C+based%5C+on%5C+the%5C+understanding%5C+of%5C+their%5C+parasitic%5C+habit.%5C+The%5C+main%5C+results%5C+are%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A1.%5C+The%5C+dormancy%5C+showed%5C+by%5C+the%5C+tested%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species%5C+was%5C+non%5C-deep%5C+physiological%5C+dormancy.%5C+Seed%5C+dormancy%5C+could%5C+be%5C+overcome%5C+by%5C+moist%5C-chilling%5C+and%5C+GA3.%5C+Cold%5C+stratification%5C+for%5C+30%5C-60%5C+days%2C%5C+or%5C+500%5C-1000%5C+mg%5C%2FL%5C+GA3%5C+were%5C+the%5C+optimal%5C+treatments%5C+for%5C+germination%5C+percentage%2C%5C+and%5C+stratification%5C+for%5C+15%5C+days%2C%5C+or%5C+1000%5C+mg%5C%2FL%5C+GA3%5C+were%5C+the%5C+optimal%5C+treatments%5C+for%5C+mean%5C+germination%5C+time.%5C+The%5C+combination%5C+of%5C+cold%5C+stratification%5C+and%5C+GA3%5C+were%5C+more%5C+effective%5C+measures%5C+to%5C+promote%5C+seed%5C+germination.%5C+The%5C+optimal%5C+germination%5C+conditions%5C+varied%5C+with%5C+species%2C%5C+while%5C+as%5C+a%5C+whole%2C%5C+the%5C+highest%5C+germination%5C+percentages%5C+were%5C+obtained%5C+from%5C+treatments%5C+of%5C+500%5C-1000%5C+mg%5C%2FL%5C+GA3%5C+followed%5C+by%5C+15%5C-30%5C+days%5C+stratification%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+lowest%5C+values%5C+of%5C+mean%5C+germination%5C+time%5C+were%5C+obtained%5C+from%5C+treatments%5C+of%5C+100%5C-1000mg%5C%2FL%5C+GA3%5C+followed%5C+by%5C+15%5C-day%5C+stratification.%5C+Seed%5C+germination%5C+was%5C+not%5C+the%5C+obstacle%5C+for%5C+the%5C+cultivation%5C+of%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species.2.%5C+Host%5C+range%5C+and%5C+host%5C+selectivity%5C+of%5C+a%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species%5C+were%5C+studied%5C+systematically%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time.%5C+Examinations%5C+of%5C+haustorial%5C+connections%5C+revealed%5C+that%5C+P.%5C+densispica%5C+had%5C+a%5C+wide%5C+host%5C+range%2C%5C+and%5C+it%5C+can%5C+form%5C+haustorial%5C+connections%5C+on%5C+the%5C+roots%5C+of%5C+33%5C+species%5C+belonging%5C+to%5C+14%5C+families.%5C+Compositae%5C+%5C%288%5C+species%5C%29%2C%5C+Gramineae%5C+%5C%285%5C+species%5C%29%5C+and%5C+Leguminosae%5C+%5C%285%5C+species%5C%29%5C+species%5C+comprised%5C+major%5C+hosts.%5C+In%5C+addition%2C%5C+self%5C-parasitism%5C+was%5C+observed.%5C+Haustoria%5C+were%5C+non%5C-randomly%5C+distributed%5C+among%5C+host%5C+species%2C%5C+suggesting%5C+that%5C+there%5C+was%5C+some%5C+host%5C+selectivity.%5C+P.%5C+densispica%5C+generally%5C+preferred%5C+species%5C+in%5C+the%5C+families%5C+of%5C+Gramineae%5C+and%5C+Cyperaceae.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+of%5C+association%5C+analysis%5C+and%5C+correlation%5C+analysis%5C+based%5C+on%5C+vegetation%5C+survey%5C+supported%5C+the%5C+result%5C+of%5C+examinations%5C+of%5C+haustorial%5C+connections.%5C+And%5C+correlation%5C+analysis%5C+was%5C+a%5C+better%5C+way%5C+to%5C+test%5C+host%5C+selectivity.3.%5C+This%5C+is%5C+the%5C+first%5C+report%5C+for%5C+the%5C+performance%5C+of%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species%5C+in%5C+cultivation%5C+throughout%5C+all%5C+life%5C+stages%5C+%5C%28from%5C+seeds%5C+to%5C+seeds%5C%29.%5C+The%5C+high%5C+dependence%5C+of%5C+Pedicularis%5C+specieson%5C+host%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+their%5C+host%5C+preference%5C+were%5C+demonstrated%5C+in%5C+this%5C+study.%5C+Pedicularis%5C+speciesstrongly%5C+depended%5C+on%5C+host%5C+presence%2C%5C+while%5C+host%5C+plants%5C+were%5C+essential%5C+to%5C+Pedicularis%5C+speciesnot%5C+for%5C+survival%5C+but%5C+for%5C+proper%5C+development.%5C+Different%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species%5C+preferred%5C+to%5C+different%5C+hosts.%5C+Host%5C+defoliation%5C+was%5C+a%5C+useful%5C+promoting%5C+measure%5C+for%5C+the%5C+cultivation%5C+of%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species.%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species%5C+reduced%5C+the%5C+performance%5C+of%5C+host%5C+plants.%5C+With%5C+the%5C+assistance%5C+of%5C+hosts%2C%5C+three%5C+Pedicularis%5C+species%5C+were%5C+cultivated%5C+successfully%5C+and%5C+they%5C+retained%5C+high%5C+horticulture%5C+quality."},{"jsname":"Sinopteris, a rare genus endemic to China, has two species S. grevilleoides and S. albofusca. To explore systematic position and endangerment mechanisms of Sinopteris, its sporophyte morphological characteristics, gametophyte development, cytology, molecular phologenetics, and biogeography were investigated based on the extensive investigation of its distribution, existing circumstances and ecological adaptation. The main progresses are briefly summarized as follows:1. Resource investigation, S. grevilleoides has a scattered distribution only in very few areas of Dayao, Binchuan, Qiaojia in Yunnan and Qingchuan in Sichuan; the elevation scope of its habitate is 1100-1800m. S. albofusca distributes in areas, 1700-2800 meters above sealevel in Hebei, Beijing, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan and Guizhou. Our investigation showed that the resources of the two species were decreasing and it was very difficult to find them in wild, even in distribution areas on record. 2. Sporophyte morphological characteristics, The plants of Sinopteris are evergreen small xerophytes. Fronds are texture coriaceous, pentagon, upper surface smooth, under surface whitish-farinose; veins pinnate branching, not seen above, but very prominently raised beneath. Sori are marginal, terminal, consisting of one or two large, globose, subsessile sporangium, provided with a very broad annulus. Indusia deeply cut into triangular, toothed lobes. The form of frond epidermis of S. grevilleoides and S. albofusca bring into correspondence with each other: the epidermis cells are irregular narrow strip with sinuous anticlinal walls; the stomatal apparatus exists on the lower epidermis and its types according to Dilcher’s [26] nomination are polycytic and axillocytic. Scales attaching to the base of petiole are brown, lanceolate.3. Gametophyte development, The spores of S. grevilleoides and S. albofusca were cultured in improved Knop’s agar medium and three kinds of soil substrata respectively. Spore germination and gametophyte development were observed. The impact of four culture substrata on the gametophyte development and sexual reproduction of S. grevilleoides was compared. The results are as follows:(1) The mature spores of Sinopteris were black-brown, isospory, regular tetrahedron, trilete, blunt triangle in polar view, scoop in equatorial view. Spore germination was of Vittaria-type and gametophyte exhibited Adiantum-type development. The adult prothalli were symmetric cordate. Antheridium protruding from the surface of prothalus was nearly spherosome. Archegonium was born near the notch on the ventral face of the cordate prothalus and those near the notch matured late. Mature archegonium was tall and slender, whose neck was composed of four lines cells and three to five layerscells each line. The four cells at the top separated when the archegonium matured. (2) The gametophyte and infant sporophyte morphological development of S. grevilleoides represented very different features on different culture substrata. Mature cordate prothalli on humus soil did not bear archegonias, and thus the process of sexual reproduction ofS. grevilleoides could not be finished. The substratum composed of humus soil and original soil in ratio of 1:1 was the most suitable substratum for gametophyte development and sexual reproduction of this species. Infant sporophytes needed extra nutrient solution to sustain its growth on improved Knop''s agar medium.(3) The main contaminants were bacteria, fungi and algae during sterile cultures and algae, moss and other higher plants during soil cultures.4. Cytology, Chromosome numbers of S. grevilleoides and S. albofusca were investigated firstly. The result showed that the chromosome numbers of the two species both were 2n=60 and the basic choromosome number was x=30. 5. Molecular phologenetics, The phylogeny of 26 species was estimated from combined analyses of four cpDNA sequence data sets (rps4, rps4-trnS, atpB, atpB-rbcL and trnL-F). Most parsimonious (MP) and Bayesian analysis both shows the genus Sinopteris is monophyletic with strong support and it is nearly related to A. subargentea from Ser. Argentea of Aleuritopteris. The MPsystematic tree also shows: both Leptolepidium and Cheilosoria are not monophyletic; Cheilosoria is nearly related to Ser. Argentea of Aleuritopteris and Leptolepidium is nearly related to Ser. Farinosae of Aleuritopteris.6. Population and community structure, The two species of Sinopteris mainly grow in the crevices of cliffs and the numbers of individuals within populations are small. In the community, they are less competitive and under dog. Its geographical distribution requires strict elevation, humidity and illumination. S. grevilleoides often grows in the brushwood or grass. Thickets of S. albofusca usually grows in the brushwood or coniferous forest. 7. Soil property,S. grevilleoides grows in purplish soil in wild; the soil is very thin and it isdifficult to store water. S. albofusca grows in sticky and infertile red soil. Analysis of the soil chemical property shows: the two original soils both are acid soil with high calcium and available B; their total Pand K is low.8. Endangerment factors and conservation measures, Endangerment factors: (1) Their distribution areas are so narrow that they are difficult to cope with environmental changes. (2)Their own physiological and ecological characteristics: spore germination was exigent over humidity, illumination and soil; their ecological circumstances cause their rhizomes to have no too much room to extend. Based on the previous two, reproduction by spores and rhizomes for the genus Sinopteris is limited. (3)To some extent, human-induced habitat loss, accompanying habit fragmentation, and natural disaster such as drought and fire accelerated the endangerment process. Conservation measures: (1) Have a clear and definite acquaintance to recent population size, distribution and growth dynamics by strengthening field investigation. (2) According to the specific circumstances, introduce in-situ and ex-situ conservation. (3)Rejuvenate and expand Sinopteris by adopting division propagation and artificial reproduction by spores. (4) Exploit species of the genus as greening and floral 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davidii (Franch.) Skeels is an endemic species to China, and widely distributed in the dry valleys of the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountain Systems, the Yungui Plateau, the Qinling Mountain, the Loess Plateau and other places of China. Previous studies of plant phylogeography have focused mainly on some taxa from the mountainous areas of China, relatively few studies have been conducted on plant taxa from the river valleys. The population dynamics and evolutionary history of species in such habitat remain less unknown, including the factors affecting the population genetic structure and its potential refugia in glaciation. In this study, we first determine the chromosome number, ploidy and karyotype of most populations we sampled. Then, based on sequence data from two maternally inherited cpDNA and one biparentally inherited nuclear DNA fragments, our study revealed the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of S. davidii and factors affecting them. The demographic history and potential refugia of this speices were investigated and the genetic relationship among three varieties was also clarified. The main results are summarized as follows:1. Cytogeography，The chromosome number and karyotypes of 14 S. davidii populations have been studied. The results showed that the choromosome number of all the populations is 2n = 18. The interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes of the species were found to be of the complex chromosome type and interstitial type. The results of karyotype analysis showed that 7 of 14 materials has satellites, and the number and position of satellites differ among populations, and thus revealed a series of diversified karyotypes. With most populations being of ploidy, cytogenetical divergence within the species lied mainly in chromosome size and structure. The fact that polyploidization did not occur very often for variations in Southwest China was against viewpoint that polyploidization level in this area is higher than that of other distribution areas due to the elevation of mountains and plateau. 2. Phylogeographic analysisbased on chloroplast sequence，We sequenced two cpDNA fragments rpl32-trnL(UAG)intergenic spacer and trnH-psbA spacer in 40 populations sampled, recovering 22 chlorotypes. The average with-in population diversity (hS = 0.171) was much lower than total genetic diversity (hT = 0.857). Population differentiation was high (NST = 0.924, GST = 0.801) indicating low levels of seed-based gene flow and significant phylogeographical stucture (NST > GST, P < 0.05) were exhibited by this species. The SAMOVA revealed seven diverging groups of related chlorotypes, six of them had distinct nonoverlapping geographical ranges: one in the northeast comprising 10 populations, a second with a southeast distribution comprising 22 populations, and the remaning four groups comprising 15 populations located in the west part of the species’ range along different river valleys. The genetic clustering of populations into three regions was also supported by analysis of molecular variance, which showed that most genetic variation (82.43%) was found among these three regions. Two clusters were distinguished by both phylogenetic analysis and genealogical analysis of chlorotypes, one consisting of chlorotypes from the western region and the second consisting of those from the eastern region. Significant genetic differences between the two regions might be attributed to vicariance and restricted gene flow, and this vicariance could be explained by the physical environmental heterogeneity on each side of the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line. Following the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the reorganization of the major river drainages was primarily caused by river separation and capture events. These historical events could change the distribution of S. davidii from fragmented to continuous (Upper/Lower Jinshajiang and Yalongjiang/Daduhe), and from continuous to fragmented (Nujiang and Jinshajiang/Honghe). However, spatial and temporal patterns of phylogeographic divergence are strongly associated with historical disjunction rather than modern drainage connections. Moreover, the following north-south split in the eastern region and effective isolation with their genetic diversity were essentially modelled by genetic drift. The higher chlorotype richness and genetic divergence for populations in western region compared with other two regions suggests that there were multipe refugia or in situ survival of S. davidii in the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountain region. Fixation of chlorotypes in the northeastern region and near fixation in the southeastern region suggest a recent colonization of these areas. We further found that this species underwent past range expansion around 37-303 thousand years ago (kya). The southeastern populations likely experienced a demographic expansion via unidirectional gene flow along rivers, while northeastern populations underwent a more northward expansion, both from initial populations (s) (21, 22, 23) preserved on eastern refugia (Jinshajiang). This process might have been accompanied with a series of founder effects or bottlenecks making populations genetically impoverished. 3. Phylogeographic analysisbased on nuclear sequence，We sequenced the nuclear (ncpGS) region in all populations sampled, recovering 23 nuclear haplotypes. Compared to cpDNA, both NST (0.470) and GST (0.338) were relatively lower, but NST was also significantly larger than GST. 37.10% of the total variation was distributed among regions which was much lower than that shown by chlorotypes. Thus, more extensive distribution of nuclear haplotypes was exhibited across the geographical range instead of the strong population subdivision observed in chlorotypes. Similarly to the chloroplast data, we found that genetic differentiation of nDNA was positively correlated with the geographical distance, but the increase in the geographical distance between populations did not increase the genetic differentiation of nDNA as rapidly as that of cpDNA. These contrasting levels between the chloroplast and nuclear genomes of S. davidii are likely due to limited gene flow of cpDNA by seeds vs. the extensive gene flow of nDNA by wind-mediated pollen in the population history. We also determined from nuclear markers that haplotype diversity was reduced in the southeastern and northeastern regions due to the loss of rare haplotypes in western region. This reduction of gene diversity is also a signature of founder events or recent bottleneck during post-glacial colonization. However, nuclear diversity within populations remains high. This provides evidence that regionally pollen flow might be sufficiently high to blur the genetic identity of founder populations over a reasonably large spatial scale.3. Relationships among three varieties，The phylogenetic analysis identified two phylogroups of chlorotypes, corresponding to S. davidii var. davidii and var. chuansinesis. The former was distinguished by the abscence of predonminant nuclear haplotype H1 of the latter. The monophyletic group of chlorotypes in var. davidii and var. liangshanesis showed their relatively close relationship. And their genetic divergence from the third variety appears to be relative to their slight morphological difference in leaf size and the divergent environmental niche spaces they occupy. Thus, the observed differences in morphological characters between var. chuansinesis and other two varieties can be explained by the seed dispersal limitation illustrated above (as inferred by geographical separation) and by environmental heterogeneity (as inferred by precipitation or elevation) or by a combination of both. After all, the geological changes, drainage reorganization, and floristic differences following the Himalayan uplift have been suggested to affect the genetic structure of S. davidii. These results provide new insights into the phylogeographic pattern of plants in China. In addition, the unique population genetic structure found in S. davidii has provided important insights into the evolutionary history of this species. The genetic profile uncovered in this study is also critical for its conservation management. Our study has uncovered the existence of at least two ‘evolutionary significant units’ independent units within S. davidii, corresponding to var. davidii from eastern region and var. chuansinensis from western region. The conservation efforts should first focus on most western populations and on the southeastern ones exhibiting high levels of genetic diversity, while the genetically homogeneous northeastern populations located in the degraded Loess Plateau should require much greater conservation 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Master degree thesis studied on the chemical constituents and bioactivities of Azadirachta indica and Jatropha curcas which both have insecticidal activity. 58 compounds, including four new ones, were isolated and identified from this two species by various chromatographic processes. The cytotoxicities of some compounds obtained from Azadirachta indica were evaluated. Finally, this thesis also made a review on the chemical constituents and bioactivities from plants of genus Melia. Chapter 1 Chemical constituents and bioactivities of Azadirachta indica，From the methanol extract of branches and leaves of Azadirachta indicia, 53 compounds, including four new ones, were isolated and identified based on spectral techniques. These compounds referred to sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids and flavonoids. Two of the new compounds were C30 triterpenoids and the other two were tetranortriterpenoids. 26 compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities and some were found to have potential cytotoxicities. The abundant constituent, nimbolide, showed strong cytotoxicities against all the tested cell lines. Chapter 2 Chemical constituents of Jatropha curcas，Nine known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of branches and leaves of J. curcas. Chapter 3 Review on chemical constituents and bioactivities of genus Melia，This chapter made a review on the chemical constituents and bioactivities of genus Melia based on the literatures which were reported before 2010.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E5%259B%25AD&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+Master%5C+degree%5C+thesis%5C+studied%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+Azadirachta%5C+indica%5C+and%5C+Jatropha%5C+curcas%5C+which%5C+both%5C+have%5C+insecticidal%5C+activity.%5C+58%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+four%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+this%5C+two%5C+species%5C+by%5C+various%5C+chromatographic%5C+processes.%5C+The%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+of%5C+some%5C+compounds%5C+obtained%5C+from%5C+Azadirachta%5C+indica%5C+were%5C+evaluated.%5C+Finally%2C%5C+this%5C+thesis%5C+also%5C+made%5C+a%5C+review%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+from%5C+plants%5C+of%5C+genus%5C+Melia.%5C+Chapter%5C+1%5C+Chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+Azadirachta%5C+indica%EF%BC%8CFrom%5C+the%5C+methanol%5C+extract%5C+of%5C+branches%5C+and%5C+leaves%5C+of%5C+Azadirachta%5C+indicia%2C%5C+53%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+four%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+based%5C+on%5C+spectral%5C+techniques.%5C+These%5C+compounds%5C+referred%5C+to%5C+sesquiterpenoids%2C%5C+triterpenoids%2C%5C+steroids%5C+and%5C+flavonoids.%5C+Two%5C+of%5C+the%5C+new%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+C30%5C+triterpenoids%5C+and%5C+the%5C+other%5C+two%5C+were%5C+tetranortriterpenoids.%5C+26%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+their%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+and%5C+some%5C+were%5C+found%5C+to%5C+have%5C+potential%5C+cytotoxicities.%5C+The%5C+abundant%5C+constituent%2C%5C+nimbolide%2C%5C+showed%5C+strong%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+against%5C+all%5C+the%5C+tested%5C+cell%5C+lines.%5C+Chapter%5C+2%5C+Chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+Jatropha%5C+curcas%EF%BC%8CNine%5C+known%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+methanol%5C+extract%5C+of%5C+branches%5C+and%5C+leaves%5C+of%5C+J.%5C+curcas.%5C+Chapter%5C+3%5C+Review%5C+on%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+genus%5C+Melia%EF%BC%8CThis%5C+chapter%5C+made%5C+a%5C+review%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+genus%5C+Melia%5C+based%5C+on%5C+the%5C+literatures%5C+which%5C+were%5C+reported%5C+before%5C+2010."},{"jsname":"The dissertation describes the studies on the chemical constituents and bioactivity of four Salvia plants, Salvia trijuga, Salvia castanea Diels f. pubescens, Salvia splendens, and Salvia flava Forrest ex Diels. By the means of chromatography and spectroscopic evidences, 110 compounds were isolated and identified from the above mentioned four species, among which 22 were new compounds. These compounds include sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, steroid, flavone, phenolic acid and alkaloid compounds. Nine new germacrane sesquiterpenes have been isolated from Salvia trijuga, which is the first report of sesquiterpenoids from this plant. It is significant that two novel diterpenoids with a unique seco-norabietane skeleton and three uncommon C23 abietane diterpenoids were isolated from Salvia castanea Diels f. pubescens. The diterpenoid glucoside was isolated from Salvia splendens for the first time. In addition, the bioactivity tests showed four tanshinone diterpenoids exhibited significant activities against 11b-HSD1 of human and mouse; two tanshinones demonstrated significant effects on promoting T cell proliferation and inhibiting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC).","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E5%259B%25AD&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+dissertation%5C+describes%5C+the%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivity%5C+of%5C+four%5C+Salvia%5C+plants%2C%5C+Salvia%5C+trijuga%2C%5C+Salvia%5C+castanea%5C+Diels%5C+f.%5C+pubescens%2C%5C+Salvia%5C+splendens%2C%5C+and%5C+Salvia%5C+flava%5C+Forrest%5C+ex%5C+Diels.%5C+By%5C+the%5C+means%5C+of%5C+chromatography%5C+and%5C+spectroscopic%5C+evidences%2C%5C+110%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+the%5C+above%5C+mentioned%5C+four%5C+species%2C%5C+among%5C+which%5C+22%5C+were%5C+new%5C+compounds.%5C+These%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+sesquiterpenoid%2C%5C+diterpenoid%2C%5C+triterpenoid%2C%5C+steroid%2C%5C+flavone%2C%5C+phenolic%5C+acid%5C+and%5C+alkaloid%5C+compounds.%5C+Nine%5C+new%5C+germacrane%5C+sesquiterpenes%5C+have%5C+been%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+Salvia%5C+trijuga%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+the%5C+first%5C+report%5C+of%5C+sesquiterpenoids%5C+from%5C+this%5C+plant.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+significant%5C+that%5C+two%5C+novel%5C+diterpenoids%5C+with%5C+a%5C+unique%5C+seco%5C-norabietane%5C+skeleton%5C+and%5C+three%5C+uncommon%5C+C23%5C+abietane%5C+diterpenoids%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+Salvia%5C+castanea%5C+Diels%5C+f.%5C+pubescens.%5C+The%5C+diterpenoid%5C+glucoside%5C+was%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+Salvia%5C+splendens%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time.%5C+In%5C+addition%2C%5C+the%5C+bioactivity%5C+tests%5C+showed%5C+four%5C+tanshinone%5C+diterpenoids%5C+exhibited%5C+significant%5C+activities%5C+against%5C+11b%5C-HSD1%5C+of%5C+human%5C+and%5C+mouse%5C%3B%5C+two%5C+tanshinones%5C+demonstrated%5C+significant%5C+effects%5C+on%5C+promoting%5C+T%5C+cell%5C+proliferation%5C+and%5C+inhibiting%5C+mesenchymal%5C+stem%5C+cell%5C+%5C%28MSC%5C%29."},{"jsname":"The dissertation is composed of three chapters. Chapter 1 provided an introduction to the investigation on the chemical constituents of two species of fern, including L. japonicium and S. doederleinii. In the second chapter, we described the isolation and identification of chemical constituents from three species of Viburnum, including V. odoratissimum, V. odoratissimum var. sessilifolrum, and V. foetidum. var. ceanothoides. In the last chapter, we summarized all the natural vibsane-type diterpenoids, and the activity and the synthesis research about them. By means of chromatography methods and spectroscopic evidences, 188 compounds were isolated and identified from the five species of plants, among which 43 compounds were new. The classes of these compounds include Lycopodium alkaloid, triterpenoid, diterpenoid, vibsane-type diterpenoid, steroid, lignan, flavnone, coumarin, phenol, phenolic glycoside. A Lycopodium alkaloid with a novel skeleton, lycojapodine A, was isolated from L. japonicium, as well as other 14 new ones. And 16 vibsane-type diterpenoid were isolated from species of Viburnum, 10 of which were new ones.All the new Lycopodium alkaloid isolated from L. japonicium were evaluated for the inhibition activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), part of the known Lycopodium alkaloid isolated from L. japonicium were evaluated for the anticancer activity, and most of the known Lycopodium alkaloid isolated from L. japonicium were evaluated for anti-HIV activity. Some of the vibsane-type diterpenoids were tested for the activity of inducing differentiation about leukaemia, controlling the migration of macrophages, and inducing morphological change in NGF-mediated PC-12 cell.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E5%259B%25AD&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+dissertation%5C+is%5C+composed%5C+of%5C+three%5C+chapters.%5C+Chapter%5C+1%5C+provided%5C+an%5C+introduction%5C+to%5C+the%5C+investigation%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+two%5C+species%5C+of%5C+fern%2C%5C+including%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%5C+and%5C+S.%5C+doederleinii.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+second%5C+chapter%2C%5C+we%5C+described%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+and%5C+identification%5C+of%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+three%5C+species%5C+of%5C+Viburnum%2C%5C+including%5C+V.%5C+odoratissimum%2C%5C+V.%5C+odoratissimum%5C+var.%5C+sessilifolrum%2C%5C+and%5C+V.%5C+foetidum.%5C+var.%5C+ceanothoides.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+last%5C+chapter%2C%5C+we%5C+summarized%5C+all%5C+the%5C+natural%5C+vibsane%5C-type%5C+diterpenoids%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+activity%5C+and%5C+the%5C+synthesis%5C+research%5C+about%5C+them.%5C+By%5C+means%5C+of%5C+chromatography%5C+methods%5C+and%5C+spectroscopic%5C+evidences%2C%5C+188%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+the%5C+five%5C+species%5C+of%5C+plants%2C%5C+among%5C+which%5C+43%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+new.%5C+The%5C+classes%5C+of%5C+these%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%2C%5C+triterpenoid%2C%5C+diterpenoid%2C%5C+vibsane%5C-type%5C+diterpenoid%2C%5C+steroid%2C%5C+lignan%2C%5C+flavnone%2C%5C+coumarin%2C%5C+phenol%2C%5C+phenolic%5C+glycoside.%5C+A%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%5C+with%5C+a%5C+novel%5C+skeleton%2C%5C+lycojapodine%5C+A%2C%5C+was%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%2C%5C+as%5C+well%5C+as%5C+other%5C+14%5C+new%5C+ones.%5C+And%5C+16%5C+vibsane%5C-type%5C+diterpenoid%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+species%5C+of%5C+Viburnum%2C%5C+10%5C+of%5C+which%5C+were%5C+new%5C+ones.All%5C+the%5C+new%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+the%5C+inhibition%5C+activity%5C+of%5C+acetylcholine%5C+esterase%5C+%5C%28AChE%5C%29%2C%5C+part%5C+of%5C+the%5C+known%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+the%5C+anticancer%5C+activity%2C%5C+and%5C+most%5C+of%5C+the%5C+known%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+anti%5C-HIV%5C+activity.%5C+Some%5C+of%5C+the%5C+vibsane%5C-type%5C+diterpenoids%5C+were%5C+tested%5C+for%5C+the%5C+activity%5C+of%5C+inducing%5C+differentiation%5C+about%5C+leukaemia%2C%5C+controlling%5C+the%5C+migration%5C+of%5C+macrophages%2C%5C+and%5C+inducing%5C+morphological%5C+change%5C+in%5C+NGF%5C-mediated%5C+PC%5C-12%5C+cell."},{"jsname":"The dissertation is comprised of six chapters, in which the chemical and bioactive constituents of nine plants, Melodinus henryi, Melodinus tenuicaudatus, Alstonia scholaris, Alstonia yunnanensis, Lycoris radiata, Lycoris aurea, Litsea cubeba, Poncirus trifoliata, and Pinus yunnanensis, have been phytochemically studied. A total of 267 compounds, including 57 new ones, were isolated from these species. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods and the combination with X-ray diffraction analysis. Of these compounds, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids are an important part, including several novel carbon skeletons, such as melohenines A and B and melotenine A, and a series of new and bioactive compounds, such as new bisindole alkaloids from two Melodinus species showing significant cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines. As a whole, the discovery of these compounds enriched the family of natural products, and the structural elucidation of these compounds enhanced our understanding towards the relationship among the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids types.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%2598%2586%25E6%2598%258E%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E5%259B%25AD&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+dissertation%5C+is%5C+comprised%5C+of%5C+six%5C+chapters%2C%5C+in%5C+which%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+and%5C+bioactive%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+nine%5C+plants%2C%5C+Melodinus%5C+henryi%2C%5C+Melodinus%5C+tenuicaudatus%2C%5C+Alstonia%5C+scholaris%2C%5C+Alstonia%5C+yunnanensis%2C%5C+Lycoris%5C+radiata%2C%5C+Lycoris%5C+aurea%2C%5C+Litsea%5C+cubeba%2C%5C+Poncirus%5C+trifoliata%2C%5C+and%5C+Pinus%5C+yunnanensis%2C%5C+have%5C+been%5C+phytochemically%5C+studied.%5C+A%5C+total%5C+of%5C+267%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+57%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+these%5C+species.%5C+Their%5C+structures%5C+were%5C+established%5C+on%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+extensive%5C+spectroscopic%5C+methods%5C+and%5C+the%5C+combination%5C+with%5C+X%5C-ray%5C+diffraction%5C+analysis.%5C+Of%5C+these%5C+compounds%2C%5C+monoterpenoid%5C+indole%5C+alkaloids%5C+are%5C+an%5C+important%5C+part%2C%5C+including%5C+several%5C+novel%5C+carbon%5C+skeletons%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+melohenines%5C+A%5C+and%5C+B%5C+and%5C+melotenine%5C+A%2C%5C+and%5C+a%5C+series%5C+of%5C+new%5C+and%5C+bioactive%5C+compounds%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+new%5C+bisindole%5C+alkaloids%5C+from%5C+two%5C+Melodinus%5C+species%5C+showing%5C+significant%5C+cytotoxicity%5C+against%5C+five%5C+human%5C+cancer%5C+cell%5C+lines.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+whole%2C%5C+the%5C+discovery%5C+of%5C+these%5C+compounds%5C+enriched%5C+the%5C+family%5C+of%5C+natural%5C+products%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+structural%5C+elucidation%5C+of%5C+these%5C+compounds%5C+enhanced%5C+our%5C+understanding%5C+towards%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+among%5C+the%5C+monoterpenoid%5C+indole%5C+alkaloids%5C+types."},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-04-20"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
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