|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
资助项目
GST, p < 0.01). At the regional level, Chinese and Japanese L. hodgsonii had a similar estimate of genetic diversity (China: Hd = 0.847, HT = 0.869; Japan: Hd = 0.766, HT = 0.867). Populations from China and Japan possess unique sets of haplotypes, and no haplotypes were shared between the regions. Furthermore, both the phyloegenetic and network analyses recovered the haplotypes of China and Japan as two distinct clades. Thus, we suggested the disjunct distribution of L. hodgsonii in China and Japan may present the climatic vicariant relicts of the ancient widely distributed populations. After divergence, this species within each region experienced independent evolutionary process. In China, L. hodgsonii was distributed around the Sichuan Basin. This distribution range can be divided into five regions. They were Jiajin Mountain region, E’mei Mountain region, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, Wushan-Wuling Mountain region and Qinling Mountain region. Twelve haplotypes were indentified within these regions. Each region had its own specific haplotypes, which had different ancestry in the network. We deduced that Chinese L. hodgsonii might survive the LGM in multiple isolated refugia around the Sichuan Basin. In Japan, L. hodgsonii was disjunctively distributed in northern Honshu and Hokkaido. Seven haplotypes were identified within this region. However, the genetic diversity in Honshu (Hd = 0.821) was much higher than that in Hokkaido (Hd = 0.513). And all haplotypes in Hokkaido were derived from Honshu. This haplotype distribution suggested that the northern Honshu could have served as refuge in Japan. Nested clade analysis (NCA) indicated multiple forces including the vicariance and long-distance dispersal affected the disjunctive distribution among populations of L. hodgsonii in Japan.2. The phylogeography of L. tongolensis，Ligularia tongolensis was distributed along the Jinshajiang watershed, Yalongjiang watershed and Wumeng Mountain. In order to deduce the demographic history of this species, we sequenced two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic spacers (trnQ-5’rps16, trnL-rpl32) in 140 individuals from 14 populations of three groups (Jinshajiang vs. Yalongjiang vs. Wumeng) within this species range. High levels of haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.814) and total genetic diversity (HT = 0.862) were detected at the species level, based on a total oftwelve haplotypes identified. However, the intrapopulation diversity (HS = 0.349) was low, which led to the high levels of genetic divergence (GST = 0.595, NST = 0.614, FST = 0.597). In consideration of the speciation of L. tongolensis resulting from the uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), we thought the present genetic structure of L. tongolensis was shaped by the fragmentation of ancestral populations during the courses of QTP uplifts. This was further supported by the absence of IBD tests (r = –0.291, p = 0.964), which suggest that the differentiation had not occurred in accordance with the isolation by distance model. The genetic differentiation in L. tongolensis appears to be associated with historical events. Meanwhile, H2 and H5, the dominant haplotypes that located on internal nodes and deviated from extinct ancestral haplotype in the network, were detected to be shared between Jinshajiang and Yalongjiang groups. We deduced that ancestral populations of this species might have had a continuous distribution range, which was then fragmented and isolated by the following tectonic events. Finally, the ancestral polymorphism, H2 and H5, were randomly allocated in Jinshajiang watershed and Yalongjiang watershed. Meanwhile, H5 was the dominant haplotype in Jinshajiang watershed; H7 was the domiant haplotype in Yalongjiang watershed and Wumeng Mountain. This haplotype distribution pattern indicated that each group might have served as a refuge for L. tongolensis during the Quaternary Glaciation. Postglacial demographic expansion was supported by unimodal mismatch distribution and star-like phylogenies, with expansion ages of 274 ka B. P. for this species","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%258A%2597%25E8%2582%25BF%25E7%2598%25A4&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+origin%5C+center%5C+and%5C+diversity%5C+center%5C+of%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Ligularia%5C+were%5C+considered%5C+to%5C+be%5C+central%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Hengduan%5C+Mountains%5C+Region%5C+%5C%28HMR%5C%29%5C+of%5C+China%2C%5C+respectively.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+research%2C%5C+we%5C+studied%5C+the%5C+phylogeographic%5C+pattern%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%2C%5C+which%5C+was%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+the%5C+origin%5C+center%5C+and%5C+diversity%5C+center%2C%5C+respectively.%5C+We%5C+aimed%5C+to%5C+infer%5C+the%5C+evolutionary%5C+process%5C+of%5C+Ligularia%5C+species.%5C+1.%5C+The%5C+phylogeography%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%EF%BC%8CHere%2C%5C+we%5C+investigated%5C+the%5C+phylogeographic%5C+history%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+disjunctively%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Japan.%5C+Two%5C+hundred%5C+and%5C+eighty%5C+individuals%5C+were%5C+collected%5C+from%5C+29%5C+natural%5C+populations%2C%5C+23%5C+located%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+6%5C+in%5C+Japan.%5C+A%5C+total%5C+of%5C+19%5C+haplotypes%5C+were%5C+identified%5C+with%5C+the%5C+combination%5C+of%5C+three%5C+chloroplast%5C+DNA%5C+%5C%28cpDNA%5C%29%5C+sequences%5C+variations%5C+%5C%28trnQ%5C-5%E2%80%99rps16%2C%5C+trnL%5C-rpl32%5C+and%5C+psbA%5C-trnH%5C%29.%5C+At%5C+the%5C+species%5C+level%2C%5C+a%5C+high%5C+level%5C+of%5C+haplotype%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28Hd%5C%29%5C+and%C2%A0total%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HT%5C%29%5C+was%5C+detected.%5C+However%2C%5C+the%5C+average%5C+intrapopulation%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HS%5C%29%5C+was%5C+very%5C+low.%5C+Consequently%2C%5C+the%5C+population%5C+differentiation%5C%28NST%5C+%3D%5C+0.989%2C%5C+GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.933%5C+%5C%29%5C+was%5C+pronounced%5C+with%5C+a%5C+significant%5C+phylogeographic%5C+structure%5C+%5C%28NST%5C+%3E%5C+GST%2C%5C+p%5C+%3C%5C+0.01%5C%29.%5C+At%5C+the%5C+regional%5C+level%2C%5C+Chinese%5C+and%5C+Japanese%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+had%5C+a%5C+similar%5C+estimate%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28China%5C%3A%5C+Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.847%2C%5C+HT%5C+%3D%5C+0.869%5C%3B%5C+Japan%5C%3A%5C+Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.766%2C%5C+HT%5C+%3D%5C+0.867%5C%29.%5C+Populations%5C+from%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Japan%5C+possess%5C+unique%5C+sets%5C+of%5C+haplotypes%2C%5C+and%5C+no%5C+haplotypes%5C+were%5C+shared%5C+between%5C+the%5C+regions.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+both%5C+the%5C+phyloegenetic%5C+and%5C+network%5C+analyses%5C+recovered%5C+the%5C+haplotypes%5C+of%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Japan%5C+as%5C+two%5C+distinct%5C+clades.%5C+Thus%2C%5C+we%5C+suggested%5C+the%5C+disjunct%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Japan%5C+may%5C+present%5C+the%5C+climatic%5C+vicariant%5C+relicts%5C+of%5C+the%5C+ancient%5C+widely%5C+distributed%5C+populations.%5C+After%5C+divergence%2C%5C+this%5C+species%5C+within%5C+each%5C+region%5C+experienced%5C+independent%5C+evolutionary%5C+process.%5C+In%5C+China%2C%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+was%5C+distributed%5C+around%5C+the%5C+Sichuan%5C+Basin.%5C+This%5C+distribution%5C+range%5C+can%5C+be%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+five%5C+regions.%5C+They%5C+were%5C+Jiajin%5C+Mountain%5C+region%2C%5C+E%E2%80%99mei%5C+Mountain%5C+region%2C%5C+Yunnan%5C-Guizhou%5C+Plateau%5C+region%2C%5C+Wushan%5C-Wuling%5C+Mountain%5C+region%5C+and%5C+Qinling%5C+Mountain%5C+region.%5C+Twelve%5C+haplotypes%5C+were%5C+indentified%5C+within%5C+these%5C+regions.%5C+Each%5C+region%5C+had%5C+its%5C+own%5C+specific%5C+haplotypes%2C%5C+which%5C+had%5C+different%5C+ancestry%5C+in%5C+the%5C+network.%5C+We%5C+deduced%5C+that%5C+Chinese%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+might%5C+survive%5C+the%5C+LGM%5C+in%5C+multiple%5C+isolated%5C+refugia%5C+around%5C+the%5C+Sichuan%5C+Basin.%5C+In%5C+Japan%2C%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+was%5C+disjunctively%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+northern%5C+Honshu%5C+and%5C+Hokkaido.%5C+Seven%5C+haplotypes%5C+were%5C+identified%5C+within%5C+this%5C+region.%5C+However%2C%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+in%5C+Honshu%5C+%5C%28Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.821%5C%29%5C+was%5C+much%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+that%5C+in%5C+Hokkaido%5C+%5C%28Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.513%5C%29.%5C+And%5C+all%5C+haplotypes%5C+in%5C+Hokkaido%5C+were%5C+derived%5C+from%5C+Honshu.%5C+This%5C+haplotype%5C+distribution%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+the%5C+northern%5C+Honshu%5C+could%5C+have%5C+served%5C+as%5C+refuge%5C+in%5C+Japan.%5C+Nested%5C+clade%5C+analysis%5C+%5C%28NCA%5C%29%5C+indicated%5C+multiple%5C+forces%5C+including%5C+the%5C+vicariance%5C+and%5C+long%5C-distance%5C+dispersal%5C+affected%5C+the%5C+disjunctive%5C+distribution%5C+among%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+in%5C+Japan.2.%5C+The%5C+phylogeography%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%EF%BC%8CLigularia%5C+tongolensis%5C+was%5C+distributed%5C+along%5C+the%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+watershed%2C%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+watershed%5C+and%5C+Wumeng%5C+Mountain.%5C+In%5C+order%5C+to%5C+deduce%5C+the%5C+demographic%5C+history%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%2C%5C+we%5C+sequenced%5C+two%5C+chloroplast%5C+DNA%5C+%5C%28cpDNA%5C%29%5C+intergenic%5C+spacers%5C+%5C%28trnQ%5C-5%E2%80%99rps16%2C%5C+trnL%5C-rpl32%5C%29%5C+in%5C+140%5C+individuals%5C+from%5C+14%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+three%5C+groups%5C+%5C%28Jinshajiang%5C+vs.%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+vs.%5C+Wumeng%5C%29%5C+within%5C+this%5C+species%5C+range.%5C+High%5C+levels%5C+of%5C+haplotype%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.814%5C%29%5C+and%5C+total%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HT%5C+%3D%5C+0.862%5C%29%5C+were%5C+detected%5C+at%5C+the%5C+species%5C+level%2C%5C+based%5C+on%5C+a%5C+total%5C+oftwelve%5C+haplotypes%5C+identified.%5C+However%2C%5C+the%5C+intrapopulation%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HS%5C+%3D%5C+0.349%5C%29%5C+was%5C+low%2C%5C+which%5C+led%5C+to%5C+the%5C+high%5C+levels%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+divergence%5C+%5C%28GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.595%2C%5C+NST%5C+%3D%5C+0.614%2C%5C+FST%5C+%3D%5C+0.597%5C%29.%5C+In%5C+consideration%5C+of%5C+the%5C+speciation%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+resulting%5C+from%5C+the%5C+uplifts%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Qinghai%5C-Tibetan%5C+Plateau%5C+%5C%28QTP%5C%29%2C%5C+we%5C+thought%5C+the%5C+present%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+was%5C+shaped%5C+by%5C+the%5C+fragmentation%5C+of%5C+ancestral%5C+populations%5C+during%5C+the%5C+courses%5C+of%5C+QTP%5C+uplifts.%5C+This%5C+was%5C+further%5C+supported%5C+by%5C+the%5C+absence%5C+of%5C+IBD%5C+tests%5C+%5C%28r%5C+%3D%5C+%E2%80%930.291%2C%5C+p%5C+%3D%5C+0.964%5C%29%2C%5C+which%5C+suggest%5C+that%5C+the%5C+differentiation%5C+had%5C+not%5C+occurred%5C+in%5C+accordance%5C+with%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+by%5C+distance%5C+model.%5C+The%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+in%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+appears%5C+to%5C+be%5C+associated%5C+with%5C+historical%5C+events.%5C+Meanwhile%2C%5C+H2%5C+and%5C+H5%2C%5C+the%5C+dominant%5C+haplotypes%5C+that%5C+located%5C+on%5C+internal%5C+nodes%5C+and%5C+deviated%5C+from%5C+extinct%5C+ancestral%5C+haplotype%5C+in%5C+the%5C+network%2C%5C+were%5C+detected%5C+to%5C+be%5C+shared%5C+between%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+and%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+groups.%5C+We%5C+deduced%5C+that%5C+ancestral%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%5C+might%5C+have%5C+had%5C+a%5C+continuous%5C+distribution%5C+range%2C%5C+which%5C+was%5C+then%5C+fragmented%5C+and%5C+isolated%5C+by%5C+the%5C+following%5C+tectonic%5C+events.%5C+Finally%2C%5C+the%5C+ancestral%5C+polymorphism%2C%5C+H2%5C+and%5C+H5%2C%5C+were%5C+randomly%5C+allocated%5C+in%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+watershed%5C+and%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+watershed.%5C+Meanwhile%2C%5C+H5%5C+was%5C+the%5C+dominant%5C+haplotype%5C+in%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+watershed%5C%3B%5C+H7%5C+was%5C+the%5C+domiant%5C+haplotype%5C+in%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+watershed%5C+and%5C+Wumeng%5C+Mountain.%5C+This%5C+haplotype%5C+distribution%5C+pattern%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+each%5C+group%5C+might%5C+have%5C+served%5C+as%5C+a%5C+refuge%5C+for%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+during%5C+the%5C+Quaternary%5C+Glaciation.%5C+Postglacial%5C+demographic%5C+expansion%5C+was%5C+supported%5C+by%5C+unimodal%5C+mismatch%5C+distribution%5C+and%5C+star%5C-like%5C+phylogenies%2C%5C+with%5C+expansion%5C+ages%5C+of%5C+274%5C+ka%5C+B.%5C+P.%5C+for%5C+this%5C+species"},{"jsname":"The reaction of transphosphatidylation is which phospholipase D catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of the terminal phosphate diester bond of glycerophosphatides, transfer the phosphatidyl moiety of a phospholipids to a primary alcohol or water, producing phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Although this reaction plays important role in regulating physical process in plants and anminals, the pathway involved in and detailed regulation mechanism are still unknown or not clear. There are three factors which can affect transphosphatidylation, substrates, enzymes and products. This paper intended to uncover the physical effect of the reaction in detail by changing two indispensable factors, the type of substrate and the PLDs. This paper consist of three researches, the first one, changing the accept substrate of the reaction aims to study the relationship between the structure of alcohols and the physical effect, to reveal the significance of the reaction; secondly, using genetic methods to regulate the expression of PLDs mediating transphosphatidylation intends to study its roles in regulating senescence; thirdly, reducing mostly PA derived from PLDs by addition 1-Butanol try to study the effect of PLD-derived PA on phosphate starvation. 1. Initial research of the effect of alcohols on the palnt growth. In this study, we study on the effect of alcohols on Arabidopsis seed germination, seeding growth and membrane lipids molecules, the metabolic procees and signaling pathway invoved in plant responding to 1-Butanol. According to the results we observed, the toxicity of alcohols and its polarity is positively correlated; the toxicity of alcohols to plants may be related with the butanoate and propanoate metabolic pathway rather than transphosphatidylation, the increase of free IAA is contributed to the resistance to 1-Butanol for WS ecotype Arabidopsis thaliana. Futhermore, five 1-Butanol insensitive mutants have obtained and the mutant sites has identified. Under the same concentration 1-Butanol stress, the five mutants are in better condition no matter physical and chemical level or cellular levels compared to wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana. It is believed that the five mutants definitely provide direct evidence for us to uncover the mechanism of the toxicity of alcohols to plants. 2. The change pattern of the membrane lipid molecules responding to the phytohormones-promoted detached Arabidopsis leaves and the role of PLDα1 and PLDδ in regulating this process. The reason for PLDα1-antisense mutant and PLDδ-knockout mutant delaying phytohormone-promoted senescence may be PLDα1 and PLDδ are response to the ABA and ethylene sinaling; PLDα1-or PLDδ-derived PA contributes to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; PLDα1-antisense mutant and PLDδ-knockout mutant have higher level of indole-3-acrtic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) level but lower level of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) compared to wild-type Col and wild-type WS, respectively, which is favorable to retard the phytohormone-promoted detached leaves senescence. 3. Application tert-butanol increase the efficiency of phosphate utilization and absord when the phosphate-limited. The seedinges phosphate-starved or not exposed to 1-Butanol was subjected to lethal stress. However, in low phosphate condition, application of tert-butanol lower anthocyanin accumulation, increase the phosphate levels and the siliques number, in a word, tert-butanol attenuates the symptom of phosphate-starved induced. It is suggested that tert-Butanol can increase the utilization and absord efficiency of the limited phosphate, however, more evidences are needed to prove the mechanism.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%258A%2597%25E8%2582%25BF%25E7%2598%25A4&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+reaction%5C+of%5C+transphosphatidylation%5C+is%5C+which%5C+phospholipase%5C+D%5C+catalyzes%5C+hydrolytic%5C+cleavage%5C+of%5C+the%5C+terminal%5C+phosphate%5C+diester%5C+bond%5C+of%5C+glycerophosphatides%2C%5C+transfer%5C+the%5C+phosphatidyl%5C+moiety%5C+of%5C+a%5C+phospholipids%5C+to%5C+a%5C+primary%5C+alcohol%5C+or%5C+water%2C%5C+producing%5C+phosphatidyl%5C+alcohol%5C+or%5C+phosphatidic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28PtdOH%5C%29.%5C+Although%5C+this%5C+reaction%5C+plays%5C+important%5C+role%5C+in%5C+regulating%5C+physical%5C+process%5C+in%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+anminals%2C%5C+the%5C+pathway%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+and%5C+detailed%5C+regulation%5C+mechanism%5C+are%5C+still%5C+unknown%5C+or%5C+not%5C+clear.%5C+There%5C+are%5C+three%5C+factors%5C+which%5C+can%5C+affect%5C+transphosphatidylation%2C%5C+substrates%2C%5C+enzymes%5C+and%5C+products.%5C+This%5C+paper%5C+intended%5C+to%5C+uncover%5C+the%5C+physical%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C+in%5C+detail%5C+by%5C+changing%5C+two%5C+indispensable%5C+factors%2C%5C+the%5C+type%5C+of%5C+substrate%5C+and%5C+the%5C+PLDs.%5C+This%5C+paper%5C+consist%5C+of%C2%A0three%5C+researches%2C%5C+the%5C+first%5C+one%2C%5C+changing%5C+the%5C+accept%5C+substrate%5C+of%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C+aims%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+the%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+and%5C+the%5C+physical%5C+effect%2C%5C+to%5C+reveal%5C+the%5C+significance%5C+of%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C%3B%5C+secondly%2C%5C+using%5C+genetic%5C+methods%5C+to%5C+regulate%5C+the%5C+expression%5C+of%5C+PLDs%5C+mediating%5C+transphosphatidylation%5C+intends%5C+to%5C+study%5C+its%5C+roles%5C+in%5C+regulating%5C+senescence%5C%3B%5C+thirdly%2C%5C+reducing%5C+mostly%5C+PA%5C+derived%5C+from%5C+PLDs%5C+by%5C+addition%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+try%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+PLD%5C-derived%5C+PA%5C+on%5C+phosphate%5C+starvation.%5C+1.%5C+Initial%5C+research%5C+of%5C+the%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+on%5C+the%5C+palnt%5C+growth.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+study%2C%5C+we%5C+study%5C+on%5C+the%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+on%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+seed%5C+germination%2C%5C+seeding%5C+growth%5C+and%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+molecules%2C%5C+the%5C+metabolic%5C+procees%5C+and%5C+signaling%5C+pathway%5C+invoved%5C+in%5C+plant%5C+responding%5C+to%5C+1%5C-Butanol.%5C+According%5C+to%5C+the%5C+results%5C+we%5C+observed%2C%5C+the%5C+toxicity%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+and%5C+its%5C+polarity%5C+is%5C+positively%5C+correlated%5C%3B%5C+the%5C+toxicity%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+to%5C+plants%5C+may%5C+be%5C+related%5C+with%5C+the%5C+butanoate%5C+and%5C+propanoate%5C+metabolic%5C+pathway%5C+rather%5C+than%5C+transphosphatidylation%2C%5C+the%5C+increase%5C+of%5C+free%5C+IAA%5C+is%5C+contributed%5C+to%5C+the%5C+resistance%5C+to%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+for%5C+WS%5C+ecotype%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+thaliana.%5C+Futhermore%2C%5C+five%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+insensitive%5C+mutants%5C+have%5C+obtained%5C+and%5C+the%5C+mutant%5C+sites%5C+has%5C+identified.%5C+Under%5C+the%5C+same%5C+concentration%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+stress%2C%5C+the%5C+five%5C+mutants%5C+are%5C+in%5C+better%5C+condition%5C+no%5C+matter%5C+physical%5C+and%5C+chemical%5C+level%5C+or%5C+cellular%5C+levels%5C+compared%5C+to%5C+wild%5C-type%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+thaliana.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+believed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+five%5C+mutants%5C+definitely%5C+provide%5C+direct%5C+evidence%5C+for%5C+us%5C+to%5C+uncover%5C+the%5C+mechanism%5C+of%5C+the%5C+toxicity%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+to%5C+plants.%5C+2.%5C+The%5C+change%5C+pattern%5C+of%5C+the%5C+membrane%5C+lipid%5C+molecules%5C+responding%5C+to%5C+the%5C+phytohormones%5C-promoted%5C+detached%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+the%5C+role%5C+of%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C+in%5C+regulating%5C+this%5C+process.%5C+The%5C+reason%5C+for%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C-antisense%5C+mutant%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C-knockout%5C+mutant%5C+delaying%5C+phytohormone%5C-promoted%5C+senescence%5C+may%5C+be%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C+are%5C+response%5C+to%5C+the%5C+ABA%5C+and%5C+ethylene%5C+sinaling%5C%3B%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C-or%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C-derived%5C+PA%5C+contributes%5C+to%5C+reactive%5C+oxygen%5C+species%5C+%5C%28ROS%5C%29%5C+accumulation%5C%3B%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C-antisense%5C+mutant%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C-knockout%5C+mutant%5C+have%5C+higher%5C+level%5C+of%5C+indole%5C-3%5C-acrtic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28IAA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+zeatin%5C+riboside%5C+%5C%28ZR%5C%29%5C+level%5C+but%5C+lower%5C+level%5C+of%5C+abscisic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28ABA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+jasmonic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28JA%5C%29%5C+compared%5C+to%5C+wild%5C-type%5C+Col%5C+and%5C+wild%5C-type%5C+WS%2C%5C+respectively%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+favorable%5C+to%5C+retard%5C+the%5C+phytohormone%5C-promoted%5C+detached%5C+leaves%5C+senescence.%5C+3.%5C+Application%5C+tert%5C-butanol%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+efficiency%5C+of%5C+phosphate%5C+utilization%5C+and%5C+absord%5C+when%5C+the%5C+phosphate%5C-limited.%5C+The%5C+seedinges%5C+phosphate%5C-starved%5C+or%5C+not%5C+exposed%5C+to%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+was%5C+subjected%5C+to%5C+lethal%5C+stress.%5C+However%2C%5C+in%5C+low%5C+phosphate%5C+condition%2C%5C+application%5C+of%5C+tert%5C-butanol%5C+lower%5C+anthocyanin%5C+accumulation%2C%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+phosphate%5C+levels%5C+and%5C+the%5C+siliques%5C+number%2C%5C+in%5C+a%5C+word%2C%5C+tert%5C-butanol%5C+attenuates%5C+the%5C+symptom%5C+of%5C+phosphate%5C-starved%5C+induced.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+tert%5C-Butanol%5C+can%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+utilization%5C+and%5C+absord%5C+efficiency%5C+of%5C+the%5C+limited%5C+phosphate%2C%5C+however%2C%5C+more%5C+evidences%5C+are%5C+needed%5C+to%5C+prove%5C+the%5C+mechanism."},{"jsname":"The search for new and efficient antitumor drugs from natural products, especially plants, has been the focus of scholars and researchers all over the world. The dissertation composed of four chapters and focused on antitumor drugs of plant origin and plant cyclopeptides research. The first chapter was about the establishment and application of cancer cell line assay. In total, 8835 compounds and 3638 extracts were tested against seven cell lines and the results indicated that 459 compounds and 189 extracts showed cytotoxicities. Based on these results, the plant Rubia yunnanensis (Franch.) Diels, which showed potential activity and has been used as a common herb to treat cancer, was selected for the further study. Chapter two, focused on the studies on chemistry, bioactivities, antitumor mechanism and preliminary pre-clinical research of cyclopeptides in R. yunnanensis. A phytochemical investigation on cyclopeptides constituents from this plant led to the isolation of 18 cyclopeptides, including 2 new ones with novel skeletons and 7 other new ones. The possible biosynthetic pathways for four types of rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides were also proposed. The 18 cyclopeptides were evaluated for their cyctotoxicities against 11 cancer cell lines and the result indicated that these cyclopeptides exhibited strong activities and RA-V showed best activities with IC50 values of approximately 10 nM. Moreover, RA-V was also found to exhibit anti I-type herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) activity for the first time. Thereafter, we carried out research on the antitumor mechanism of RA-V and its glycoside RA-XII. The results showed that they significantly inhibited TNF-α induced NF-κB signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of IκBα was down-regulated by them, which could inhibit the translocation of P65 and NO production in LPS and IFN-γ-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. This is the first time it is being reported that RA-V and RA-XII are new natural NF-κB pathway inhibitors. Furthermore, from the anti-angiogenesis study, RA-V showed strong anti-proliferative activities in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). Further study on its mechanism indicated that RA-V could induce G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis by down-regulation of cell cycle regulatory protein and gene expression in extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (Erk ½) phosphorylation pathway. Moreover, RA-V could inhibit migration and tube formation of HUVEC and HMEC by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase. The third chapter was about the studies on other chemical constituents of R. yunnanensis and their bioactivities. A phytochemical assessment of this plant resulted in the isolation of 68 compounds, including 11 new arborinane-type triterpenoids and 4 new quinones. Subsequently, 61 of them were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three cancer cell lines, anti-Staphylococcus aureus and anti-Candida albicans activities. The results indicated that for the first time the arborinane-type triterpenoids exhibited cytotoxicities and also rubiarbonol G and 2-methyl-1,3,6-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone induced cell apoptosis in Hela cell line. The fourth chapter was a review on chemical constituents and bioactivities of genus Rubia plants. All the above-mentioned research work had laid a good foundation for quality control and multi-component, multi-target drug R&D of R. yunnanensis.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%258A%2597%25E8%2582%25BF%25E7%2598%25A4&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+search%5C+for%5C+new%5C+and%5C+efficient%5C+antitumor%5C+drugs%5C+from%5C+natural%5C+products%2C%5C+especially%5C+plants%2C%5C+has%5C+been%5C+the%5C+focus%5C+of%5C+scholars%5C+and%5C+researchers%5C+all%5C+over%5C+the%5C+world.%5C+The%5C+dissertation%5C+composed%5C+of%5C+four%5C+chapters%5C+and%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+antitumor%5C+drugs%5C+of%5C+plant%5C+origin%5C+and%5C+plant%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+research.%5C+The%5C+first%5C+chapter%5C+was%5C+about%5C+the%5C+establishment%5C+and%5C+application%5C+of%5C+cancer%5C+cell%5C+line%5C+assay.%5C+In%5C+total%2C%5C+8835%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+3638%5C+extracts%5C+were%5C+tested%5C+against%5C+seven%5C+cell%5C+lines%5C+and%5C+the%5C+results%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+459%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+189%5C+extracts%5C+showed%5C+cytotoxicities.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+these%5C+results%2C%5C+the%5C+plant%5C+Rubia%5C+yunnanensis%5C+%5C%28Franch.%5C%29%5C+Diels%2C%5C+which%5C+showed%5C+potential%5C+activity%5C+and%5C+has%5C+been%5C+used%5C+as%5C+a%5C+common%5C+herb%5C+to%5C+treat%5C+cancer%2C%5C+was%5C+selected%5C+for%5C+the%5C+further%5C+study.%5C+Chapter%5C+two%2C%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+chemistry%2C%5C+bioactivities%2C%5C+antitumor%5C+mechanism%5C+and%5C+preliminary%5C+pre%5C-clinical%5C+research%5C+of%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+in%5C+R.%5C+yunnanensis.%5C+A%5C+phytochemical%5C+investigation%5C+on%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+this%5C+plant%5C+led%5C+to%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+18%5C+cyclopeptides%2C%5C+including%5C+2%5C+new%5C+ones%5C+with%5C+novel%5C+skeletons%5C+and%5C+7%5C+other%5C+new%5C+ones.%5C+The%5C+possible%5C+biosynthetic%5C+pathways%5C+for%5C+four%5C+types%5C+of%5C+rubiaceae%5C-type%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+were%5C+also%5C+proposed.%5C+The%5C+18%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+their%5C+cyctotoxicities%5C+against%5C+11%5C+cancer%5C+cell%5C+lines%5C+and%5C+the%5C+result%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+these%5C+cyclopeptides%5C+exhibited%5C+strong%5C+activities%5C+and%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+showed%5C+best%5C+activities%5C+with%5C+IC50%5C+values%5C+of%5C+approximately%5C+10%5C+nM.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+was%5C+also%5C+found%5C+to%5C+exhibit%5C+anti%5C+I%5C-type%5C+herpes%5C+simplex%5C+virus%5C+%5C%28HSV%5C-1%5C%29%5C+activity%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time.%5C+Thereafter%2C%5C+we%5C+carried%5C+out%5C+research%5C+on%5C+the%5C+antitumor%5C+mechanism%5C+of%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+and%5C+its%5C+glycoside%5C+RA%5C-XII.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+they%5C+significantly%5C+inhibited%5C+TNF%5C-%CE%B1%5C+induced%5C+NF%5C-%CE%BAB%5C+signaling%5C+pathway.%5C+The%5C+phosphorylation%5C+of%5C+I%CE%BAB%CE%B1%5C+was%5C+down%5C-regulated%5C+by%5C+them%2C%5C+which%5C+could%5C+inhibit%5C+the%5C+translocation%5C+of%5C+P65%5C+and%5C+NO%5C+production%5C+in%5C+LPS%5C+and%5C+IFN%5C-%CE%B3%5C-induced%5C+RAW%5C+264.7%5C+murine%5C+macrophages.%5C+This%5C+is%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%5C+it%5C+is%5C+being%5C+reported%5C+that%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+and%5C+RA%5C-XII%5C+are%5C+new%5C+natural%5C+NF%5C-%CE%BAB%5C+pathway%5C+inhibitors.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+from%5C+the%5C+anti%5C-angiogenesis%5C+study%2C%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+showed%5C+strong%5C+anti%5C-proliferative%5C+activities%5C+in%5C+human%5C+umbilical%5C+vein%5C+endothelial%5C+cells%5C+%5C%28HUVEC%5C%29%5C+and%5C+human%5C+microvascular%5C+endothelial%5C+cells%5C+%5C%28HMEC%5C%29.%5C+Further%5C+study%5C+on%5C+its%5C+mechanism%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+could%5C+induce%5C+G2%5C%2FM%5C+phase%5C+arrest%5C+and%5C+cell%5C+apoptosis%5C+by%5C+down%5C-regulation%5C+of%5C+cell%5C+cycle%5C+regulatory%5C+protein%5C+and%5C+gene%5C+expression%5C+in%5C+extracellular%5C+signal%5C-regulated%5C+kinase%5C+%C2%BD%5C+%5C%28Erk%5C+%C2%BD%5C%29%5C+phosphorylation%5C+pathway.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+RA%5C-V%5C+could%5C+inhibit%5C+migration%5C+and%5C+tube%5C+formation%5C+of%5C+HUVEC%5C+and%5C+HMEC%5C+by%5C+inhibition%5C+of%5C+matrix%5C+metalloproteinase.%5C+The%5C+third%5C+chapter%5C+was%5C+about%5C+the%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+other%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+and%5C+their%5C+bioactivities.%5C+A%5C+phytochemical%5C+assessment%5C+of%5C+this%5C+plant%5C+resulted%5C+in%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+68%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+11%5C+new%5C+arborinane%5C-type%5C+triterpenoids%5C+and%5C+4%5C+new%5C+quinones.%5C+Subsequently%2C%5C+61%5C+of%5C+them%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+their%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+against%5C+three%5C+cancer%5C+cell%5C+lines%2C%5C+anti%5C-Staphylococcus%5C+aureus%5C+and%5C+anti%5C-Candida%5C+albicans%5C+activities.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%5C+the%5C+arborinane%5C-type%5C+triterpenoids%5C+exhibited%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+and%5C+also%5C+rubiarbonol%5C+G%5C+and%5C+2%5C-methyl%5C-1%2C3%2C6%5C-trihydroxy%5C-9%2C10%5C-anthraquinone%5C+induced%5C+cell%5C+apoptosis%5C+in%5C+Hela%5C+cell%5C+line.%5C+The%5C+fourth%5C+chapter%5C+was%5C+a%5C+review%5C+on%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+genus%5C+Rubia%5C+plants.%5C+All%5C+the%5C+above%5C-mentioned%5C+research%5C+work%5C+had%5C+laid%5C+a%5C+good%5C+foundation%5C+for%5C+quality%5C+control%5C+and%5C+multi%5C-component%2C%5C+multi%5C-target%5C+drug%5C+R%5C%26D%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+yunnanensis."},{"jsname":"The thesis includes four chapters: Chapters 1 and 2 cover bioactive constituents of two traditional Chininese medicines of Ding-Zhi-Yuan prescription: Acorus tatarinowii Schott. and Poria cum Radix Pini. Chapter 3 introduces chemical components of flavonoids from the gum of Cerasus conradinae. In the last chapter, the research progress of Acorus was reviewed. As a result, 60 compounds were isolated from these plants, and eight of them were identified as new ones. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. The types of these compounds include phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids.Chapter 1 introduced the chemical constitutents of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. Acorus tatarinowii Schott is a famous traditional Chinese medicine possessing anticonvulsive,spasmolytic, and neuroprotective effects. To study its pharmacological mechanism, 47 compounds, including 7 new ones, were isolated from this herb. AlphaScreen cAMP assay showed that six phenylpropanoids significantly increased cAMP level at the concentration of 50 µM. Two novel spiro-alkaloids inhibited high glucose-induced ROS production in mesangial cells. Besides, their anti-oxidant activities were dose-dependent and reached to the maximum at 10 μM and 50 μM, respectively.Chapter 2 introduced the chemical constitutents of Poria cum Radix Pin. Poria cum Radix Pini is the xylem of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. As a traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effects for treatment of palpitation, forgettery, insomnia and other diseases. Chemical investigation about it resulted in 9 compounds and 1 compound was elucidated to be new. Chater 3 introduced the chemical constituents of flavonoids from the gum of Cerasus conradina.ere isolated from the gum ofCerasus conradinae. The fruits of Cerasus conradina were used to deal with heart failure, beriberi and edema. Because of frostibe, pest, and mechanical damage, Cerasus conradin excrete lots of gum in winter. To investigate the chemical constituents and the chemical defence function of the gum, 4 flavonoids with different structure types w. Chapter 4 reviewed the progress of the studies on chemistry and bioactivity of chemical constituents from Acorus","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&query1=%25E6%258A%2597%25E8%2582%25BF%25E7%2598%25A4&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+thesis%5C+includes%5C+four%5C+chapters%5C%3A%5C+Chapters%5C+1%5C+and%5C+2%5C+cover%5C+bioactive%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+two%5C+traditional%5C+Chininese%5C+medicines%5C+of%5C+Ding%5C-Zhi%5C-Yuan%5C+prescription%5C%3A%5C+Acorus%5C+tatarinowii%5C+Schott.%5C+and%5C+Poria%5C+cum%5C+Radix%5C+Pini.%5C+Chapter%5C+3%5C+introduces%5C+chemical%5C+components%5C+of%5C+flavonoids%5C+from%5C+the%5C+gum%5C+of%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradinae.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+last%5C+chapter%2C%5C+the%5C+research%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+Acorus%5C+was%5C+reviewed.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+result%2C%5C+60%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+these%5C+plants%2C%5C+and%5C+eight%5C+of%5C+them%5C+were%5C+identified%5C+as%5C+new%5C+ones.%5C+Their%5C+structures%5C+were%5C+established%5C+on%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+spectroscopic%5C+data.%5C+The%5C+types%5C+of%5C+these%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+phenylpropanoids%2C%5C+lignans%2C%5C+flavonoids%2C%5C+sesquiterpenoids%2C%5C+alkaloids%2C%5C+and%5C+steroids.Chapter%5C+1%5C+introduced%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constitutents%5C+of%5C+Acorus%5C+tatarinowii%5C+Schott.%5C+Acorus%5C+tatarinowii%5C+Schott%5C+is%5C+a%5C+famous%5C+traditional%5C+Chinese%5C+medicine%5C+possessing%5C+anticonvulsive%2Cspasmolytic%2C%5C+and%5C+neuroprotective%5C+effects.%5C+To%5C+study%5C+its%5C+pharmacological%5C+mechanism%2C%5C+47%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+7%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+this%5C+herb.%5C+AlphaScreen%5C+cAMP%5C+assay%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+six%5C+phenylpropanoids%5C+significantly%5C+increased%5C+cAMP%5C+level%5C+at%5C+the%5C+concentration%5C+of%5C+50%5C+%C2%B5M.%5C+Two%5C+novel%5C+spiro%5C-alkaloids%5C+inhibited%5C+high%5C+glucose%5C-induced%5C+ROS%5C+production%5C+in%5C+mesangial%5C+cells.%5C+Besides%2C%5C+their%5C+anti%5C-oxidant%5C+activities%5C+were%5C+dose%5C-dependent%5C+and%5C+reached%5C+to%5C+the%5C+maximum%5C+at%5C+10%5C+%CE%BCM%5C+and%5C+50%5C+%CE%BCM%2C%5C+respectively.Chapter%5C+2%5C+introduced%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constitutents%5C+of%5C+Poria%5C+cum%5C+Radix%5C+Pin.%5C+Poria%5C+cum%5C+Radix%5C+Pini%5C+is%5C+the%5C+xylem%5C+of%5C+Poria%5C+cocos%5C+%5C%28Schw.%5C%29%5C+Wolf.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+traditional%5C+Chinese%5C+medicine%2C%5C+it%5C+has%5C+the%5C+effects%5C+for%5C+treatment%5C+of%5C+palpitation%2C%5C+forgettery%2C%5C+insomnia%5C+and%5C+other%5C+diseases.%5C+Chemical%5C+investigation%5C+about%5C+it%5C+resulted%5C+in%5C+9%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+1%5C+compound%5C+was%5C+elucidated%5C+to%5C+be%5C+new.%5C+Chater%5C+3%5C+introduced%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+flavonoids%5C+from%5C+the%5C+gum%5C+of%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradina.ere%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+gum%5C+ofCerasus%5C+conradinae.%5C+The%5C+fruits%5C+of%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradina%5C+were%5C+used%5C+to%5C+deal%5C+with%5C+heart%5C+failure%2C%5C+beriberi%5C+and%5C+edema.%5C+Because%5C+of%5C+frostibe%2C%5C+pest%2C%5C+and%5C+mechanical%5C+damage%2C%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradin%5C+excrete%5C+lots%5C+of%5C+gum%5C+in%5C+winter.%5C+To%5C+investigate%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+defence%5C+function%5C+of%5C+the%5C+gum%2C%5C+4%5C+flavonoids%5C+with%5C+different%5C+structure%5C+types%5C+w.%5C+Chapter%5C+4%5C+reviewed%5C+the%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+the%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+chemistry%5C+and%5C+bioactivity%5C+of%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+Acorus"},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-04-15"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
|
|
|
|
|
