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中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
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6 could use lots of photosynthates, but contributed little to the accumulation of biomass. 4. Photosynthetic rate of P. armeniacum decreased a little at the noon, and the highest photosynthetic rate was observed at 10:00h in the greenhouse. The variation of photosynthetic rate was in the same trend as stomatal conductance. Higher relative humidity seemed to be the key for higher photosynthetic rate in P. armeniacum. 5. The photosynthetic capacity of C. flavum was statistically larger than that of P. armeniacum. The lower leaf photosynthetic capacity of P. armeniacum was related to its lower leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration and enzyme activities. Meanwhile, the extremely lower stomatal conductance and internal mesophyll conductance might greatly limit the photosynthetic capacity of P. armeniacum. The lower stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of Paphiopedilum might partially caused by the lack of chloroplasts in the guard cell of Paphiopedilum. Compared with C. flavum, P. armeniacum was more fond of shade environment.6. The short longevity leaf of Cypripedium had bigger photosynthetic capacity and greater potential for fast growth. But the longer LL of Paphiopedilum enhanced nutrient conservation which could compensate its lower photosynthetic capacity. The short longevity leaf of Cypripedium usually had higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf mass and dark respiration rate, and photosynthetic capacity decreased fast with leaf age. However, for Paphiopedilum, the situation was the opposite. 7. Compared with Cypripedium, Paphiopedilum had higher water use efficiency and lower photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. 8. The leaf of Paphiopedilum had higher leaf construction cost and longer repayment time than that of Cypripedium. The leaf structures and physiological functions of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium reflected the adaptation to their habitats. The leaf morphological and physiological evolution of Paphiopedilum was related to water and resource-conserving traits in the karst habitat. The leaf traits of Cypripedium were the adaptation to the environment rich in water and nutrients but easy to change with seasons.Our results provided evidence of divergent evolution of congeneric orchids under natural 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of International Cooperation and Exchanges, NSFC[41661144001]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.title_filter&advanced=false&query1=Weight-number%2BTrade-off&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AProjects%5C+of%5C+International%5C+Cooperation%5C+and%5C+Exchanges%2C%5C+NSFC%5C%5B41661144001%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Provincial Innovation Group for Farmland Non-pollution Production, Yunnan Agricultural University[2017HC015]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.title_filter&advanced=false&query1=Weight-number%2BTrade-off&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AProvincial%5C+Innovation%5C+Group%5C+for%5C+Farmland%5C+Non%5C-pollution%5C+Production%2C%5C+Yunnan%5C+Agricultural%5C+University%5C%5B2017HC015%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Science and Technology Research Program of Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences[KIB2017006]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.title_filter&advanced=false&query1=Weight-number%2BTrade-off&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AScience%5C+and%5C+Technology%5C+Research%5C+Program%5C+of%5C+Kunming%5C+Institute%5C+of%5C+Botany%2C%5C+the%5C+Chinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences%5C%5BKIB2017006%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Trigonobalanus doichangensis is an endangered plant. In this paper, the megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte, seed morphological traits and seed germination, seed conservation, micropropagation and acclimatization of this species were studied. Combined with the published results of cytology, molecular genetics and other researches,the mechanisms of extinction, basic biology and technology of germplasm conservation and acclimatization of T. doichangensis were discussed. The main results are summarized as follows:1. Megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte，Stamens exist under the stigma of T. doichangensis, and the pollen is aborted on the later development stage of pistil, therefore, the pistillate flower in function is hermaphrodite flower in morphology. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate. The primary archesporium is hypodermal and single-celled and the sporogenous cell of the nucellus functions directly as a megaspore mother cell which goes meiosis to form a linear tetrad. The chalazal megaspore of the tetrad is functional. The development of embryo sac conforms to the polygonum type. There are six ovules in the ovary of T. doichangensis, and only one develops into a seed in normal fruits. In the process of megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte, there are several links of abortion, and 93.3% of mature embryo sacs is aborted.2. Morphological characters and germination of seeds，Most of the variation occurred among individual trees within populations in seed morphological traits (length, width and 1000-seed weight) and germination-related indices (germination percentage, germination index and vigor index). In addition, the variation in percentage of well-developed seeds among populations and among individual trees within populations is equal, each accounting for 48%. Each of seed morphological traits has significantly positive correlation with each other (p < 0.01), but they have no significant correlation with percentage of well-developed seeds and germination-related indices. In the same batch of seeds of T. doichangensis, there are light-colored and dark-colored seed coats, and development of light-colored seeds is significantly poorer than that of dark-colored seeds.The sensitivity of seeds to high temperature varys in different stages of seed imbibition. In each stage, heat acclimatization don’t increase germination percentage, germination index and fresh weight of seedlings. If the distilled water is substituted by solution of SA during seed imbibition, seed germination and germination index after heat shock are not significantly different from control, but they are significantly higher than that of other treatments. Moreover, when the seeds are treatmented with SA, the fresh weight of seedlings is significantly higher than that of control and other treatments.3. Seed conservation，Seeds of T. doichangensis belong to orthodox seeds which can tolerate certain level of dehydration. The condition of low temperature and low water content of seeds is conducive to seed conservation.Germination of fresh seeds shows significant variation among populations, howerer, germination of the seeds after storage for one year in room temperature shows no significant variation among populations.High temperature and high relative humidity damages the seeds more severely than high temperature does. In addition, low water content of seeds enable the seeds to be more tolerant to high temperature.The electrical conductivity, dehydrogenase activity and germination percentage have no significant correlation with each other.4. Micropropagation and in vitro conservation，Cotyledonary nodes are a kind of efficient explants. Low salt media are conducive to shoot propagation and root induction.The maximum multiplication rate (20-25 shoots/explant within 4 months) is achieved on quarter-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/4 MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg·L-1 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and 0.05 mg·L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).Rooting is promoted by auxins, however, IBA alone or low concentrations of NAA are preferable due to small amount of callus induced. The research has established an efficient protocol for micropropagation of T. doichangensis, and it provides technology support for in vitro conservation of special germplasm of the species.5. Acclimatization，Quercus variabilis, Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides and T. doichangensis belong to the family of Fagaceae, and the natural distribution ranges of the 3 species are decreasing in turn. The research suggests that the ranges of temperature tolerance of the 3 species are decreasing corresponding to their distribution ranges.The high and low semi-lethal temperature of one-year old T. doichangensis is 49.5℃ and -5℃ respectively. It suggests that T. doichangensis has a wide range of basic temperature tolerance. Short-term heat and cold acclimatization cannot expand the range of temperature tolerance. It can be inferred that T. doichangensis may lack induced tolerance to temperature. Under proper conditions, ABA can increase the cold tolerance, and SA can increase the heat tolerance of leaf discs of T. 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