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中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
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0.05) between wild (AR = 4.651), semi-cultivated (AR = 5.091) and cultivated (AR = 5.132) populations of C. taliensis, which suggested that the genetic background of long-lived woody plant was not easy to be changed, and there were moderate high gene flow between populations. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between wild (AR = 5.9) and cultivated (AR = 7.1) populations distributed in the same place in Yun county, Yunnan province, which may result from the hybridization and introgression of species in the tea garden and anthropogenic damages to the wild population. The hypothesis of hybrid origin of C. grandibracteata was tested by morphological and microsatellites analyses. Compared with other species, the locules in ovary of C. grandibracteata are variable, which showed a morphological intermediate and mosaic. Except one private allele, Ninety-nine percent alleles of C. grandibracteata were shared with these of C. taliensis and C. sinensis var. assamica. And C. grandibracteata was nested in the cluster of C. taliensis in the UPGMA tree. Conclusively, our results supported the hypothesis of hybrid origin of C. grandibracteata partly. The speciation of C. grandibracteata was derived from hybridization and asymmetrical introgression potentially. It is possible that C. taliensis was one of its parents, but it still needs more evidences to prove that C. sinensis var. assamica was another 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postdoc foundation[2017M613021]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=forest%2Bmanagement&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AChina%5C+postdoc%5C+foundation%5C%5B2017M613021%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Chinese Academy of Sciences President International Fellowship Initiative (CAS-PIFI)[2017PC0035]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=forest%2Bmanagement&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AChinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences%5C+President%5C+International%5C+Fellowship%5C+Initiative%5C+%5C%28CAS%5C-PIFI%5C%29%5C%5B2017PC0035%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Chinese Academy of Sciences[2013T2S0030]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=forest%2Bmanagement&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AChinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences%5C%5B2013T2S0030%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Chinese Academy of Sciences[2013Y2SB0007]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=forest%2Bmanagement&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AChinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences%5C%5B2013Y2SB0007%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDA19050000]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=forest%2Bmanagement&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AChinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences%5C%5BXDA19050000%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDB31000000]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=forest%2Bmanagement&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AChinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences%5C%5BXDB31000000%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Cluster of Excellence COTE[ANR-10-LABX-45]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=forest%2Bmanagement&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACluster%5C+of%5C+Excellence%5C+COTE%5C%5BANR%5C-10%5C-LABX%5C-45%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Craigia yunnanensis W. W. Smith & W. E. Evans (Tiliaceae) is an endangered deciduous tree species which has high scientific and economic value. C. yunnanensis is seriously threatened and has been pushed to the verge of extinction due to vegetation destruction in China and consequent contraction of its distribution. Hence, it was listed as a nationally rare and endangered plant in 1999 and has also been proposed as a second-ranked plant for national protection in China and included in IUCN red list. As a scientifically important and valued tree species with endangered status, the wild populations of C. yunnanensis therefore represent is a genetic resource that must be conserved. To provide basic information for its conservation, the population dynamics and population size structures, pollination biology and breeding system, eleven fitness-related characters and the genetic variability based on AFLP were comprehensively studied. The main results are summarized as follows: A total of six wild populations of C. yunnanensis were found in two disjunct regions of Yunnan, i.e. WenShan (SE Yunnan) and DeHong (SW Yunnan), from 2005 to 2007. Additionally, in all but one of the populations we detected, mature trees were felled between 2005 and 2007, so destruction of most of these populations is ongoing. Across the six populations of extant C. yunnanensis found during our study, the total number of mature (reproductive) individuals detected was 584 in 2007，plus larger numbers of seedling and resprouts from cut trunks. The result of surveying Population structure showed that there are two regeneration types which are seedlings and sprouts. Seedlings occurred abundantly in gaps or open areas and the size class frequency distributions were often discontinuous, and the same general pattern occurred in all the investigated populations for juveniles and adults. The numbers of seed-origin individuals did however decline sharply with increasing size, indicating a high mortality rate going from seedling to sapling stage may be a problem for this species. Additionally, the cash crop cultivation and logging seriously threaten the survival of the species. We conducted field observations and artificial pollination experiments on the floral biology, pollination process and breeding system of Craigia yunnanensis in Fadou, Xichou county of Yunnan province. The lifespan of a single hermaphrodite flower is approximately 3-4 days. A cyme has 2-9 flowered. The flowering period of an inflorescence is usually 5-14 days. The flowers of C. yunnanensis were protandrous. The stamens were within petal-like staminodes in the opening flowers until the flower withered. Without touchment, the bractlike staminodes can’t open. Self-pollination was partially avoided by temporal and spatial isolation of male and female organs within the same flower. However, autogamous and geitonogamous pollination is unavoidable because of the large number of flowers on a single tree and the action of pollinators. The values of both OCI (≥4) and P/O (1381) and the results of bagging tests indicated there was no apomixes in C. yunnanensis and the breeding system of the species was outcrossing with partial self-compatibility and the pollinators were required during the pollination process. The most frequent effective floral visitor was only beautiful fly (Chrysomyia megacephala). Fruit set and seed set in natural condition were 56.67±3.85％ and 6.26±0.75％, respectively. Therefore, lack of pollinators, low pollination efficiency, unavoidable geitonogamous pollination and partial self-compatibility and inbreeding in small populations may account for the low fruit set, especially seed set.Variations in seed traits, seed germination, and seedling growth characters among six Craigia yunnanensis populations were evaluated. All seed and seedling traits exhibited significant differences among populations (P < 0.05). The fitness of seed as assessed by seed size, seed germination and seedling trait was independent of population size, except for the number of seeds per capsule (r = 0.93，P < 0.01). Correlations between geo-climatic variables of seed origin and seed and seedling related characters were insignificant (P > 0.05). For some populations, germination capacity in 12-h photoperiod was significantly higher than that in completed darkness（W-FD: P < 0.01, W-JD: P < 0.05）.Genetic variation within and among six populations was assessed using AFLP markers. Genetic diversity was higher at species level (PPL = 69.19%, HE = 0.221) than at population level (PPL = 26.22%, HE = 0.095, Is =0.140), and populations in southeast Yunnan were strongly differentiated from those in southwest Yunnan (Nei’s GST = 0.575; FST = 0.655). UPGMA analysis demonstrated a clear genetic division between the two populations from DeHong (SW Yunnan; D-JD and D-HG) and the four from WenShan (SE Yunnan; W-FD, W-LH, W-ML, and W-MG). Within-population genetic variation was significantly correlated with population isolation (r(PPL) = -0.94, P = 0.006; r(HE) = -0.85, P = 0.032; r(Is) = -0.87, P = 0.025), but not with population size (r(PPL) = 0.63, P = 0.178; r(HE) = 0.54, P = 0.268; r(Is) = 0.56, P = 0.249).","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=forest%2Bmanagement&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACraigia%5C+yunnanensis%5C+W.%5C+W.%5C+Smith%5C+%5C%26%5C+W.%5C+E.%5C+Evans%5C+%5C%28Tiliaceae%5C%29%5C+is%5C+an%5C+endangered%5C+deciduous%5C+tree%5C+species%5C+which%5C+has%5C+high%5C+scientific%5C+and%5C+economic%5C+value.%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+is%5C+seriously%5C+threatened%5C+and%5C+has%5C+been%5C+pushed%5C+to%5C+the%5C+verge%5C+of%5C+extinction%5C+due%5C+to%5C+vegetation%5C+destruction%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+consequent%5C+contraction%5C+of%5C+its%5C+distribution.%5C+Hence%2C%5C+it%5C+was%5C+listed%5C+as%5C+a%5C+nationally%5C+rare%5C+and%5C+endangered%5C+plant%5C+in%5C+1999%5C+and%5C+has%5C+also%5C+been%5C+proposed%5C+as%5C+a%5C+second%5C-ranked%5C+plant%5C+for%5C+national%5C+protection%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+included%5C+in%5C+IUCN%5C+red%5C+list.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+scientifically%5C+important%5C+and%5C+valued%5C+tree%5C+species%5C+with%5C+endangered%5C+status%2C%5C+the%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+therefore%5C+represent%5C+is%5C+a%5C+genetic%5C+resource%5C+that%5C+must%5C+be%5C+conserved.%5C+To%5C+provide%5C+basic%5C+information%5C+for%5C+its%5C+conservation%2C%5C+the%5C+population%5C+dynamics%5C+and%5C+population%5C+size%5C+structures%2C%5C+pollination%5C+biology%5C+and%5C+breeding%5C+system%2C%5C+eleven%5C+fitness%5C-related%5C+characters%5C+and%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+variability%5C+based%5C+on%5C+AFLP%5C+were%5C+comprehensively%5C+studied.%5C+The%5C+main%5C+results%5C+are%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A%5C+A%5C+total%5C+of%5C+six%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+were%5C+found%5C+in%5C+two%5C+disjunct%5C+regions%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+i.e.%5C+WenShan%5C+%5C%28SE%5C+Yunnan%5C%29%5C+and%5C+DeHong%5C+%5C%28SW%5C+Yunnan%5C%29%2C%5C+from%5C+2005%5C+to%5C+2007.%5C+Additionally%2C%5C+in%5C+all%5C+but%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+populations%5C+we%5C+detected%2C%5C+mature%5C+trees%5C+were%5C+felled%5C+between%5C+2005%5C+and%5C+2007%2C%5C+so%5C+destruction%5C+of%5C+most%5C+of%5C+these%5C+populations%5C+is%5C+ongoing.%5C+Across%5C+the%5C+six%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+extant%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+found%5C+during%5C+our%5C+study%2C%5C+the%5C+total%5C+number%5C+of%5C+mature%5C+%5C%28reproductive%5C%29%5C+individuals%5C+detected%5C+was%5C+584%5C+in%5C+2007%EF%BC%8Cplus%5C+larger%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+seedling%5C+and%5C+resprouts%5C+from%5C+cut%5C+trunks.%5C+The%5C+result%5C+of%5C+surveying%5C+Population%5C+structure%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+there%5C+are%5C+two%5C+regeneration%5C+types%5C+which%5C+are%5C+seedlings%5C+and%5C+sprouts.%5C+Seedlings%5C+occurred%5C+abundantly%5C+in%5C+gaps%5C+or%5C+open%5C+areas%5C+and%5C+the%5C+size%5C+class%5C+frequency%5C+distributions%5C+were%5C+often%5C+discontinuous%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+same%5C+general%5C+pattern%5C+occurred%5C+in%5C+all%5C+the%5C+investigated%5C+populations%5C+for%5C+juveniles%5C+and%5C+adults.%5C+The%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+seed%5C-origin%5C+individuals%5C+did%5C+however%5C+decline%5C+sharply%5C+with%5C+increasing%5C+size%2C%5C+indicating%5C+a%5C+high%5C+mortality%5C+rate%5C+going%5C+from%5C+seedling%5C+to%5C+sapling%5C+stage%5C+may%5C+be%5C+a%5C+problem%5C+for%5C+this%5C+species.%5C+Additionally%2C%5C+the%5C+cash%5C+crop%5C+cultivation%5C+and%5C+logging%5C+seriously%5C+threaten%5C+the%5C+survival%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species.%5C+We%5C+conducted%5C+field%5C+observations%5C+and%5C+artificial%5C+pollination%5C+experiments%5C+on%5C+the%5C+floral%5C+biology%2C%5C+pollination%5C+process%5C+and%5C+breeding%5C+system%5C+of%5C+Craigia%5C+yunnanensis%5C+in%5C+Fadou%2C%5C+Xichou%5C+county%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%5C+province.%5C+The%5C+lifespan%5C+of%5C+a%5C+single%5C+hermaphrodite%5C+flower%5C+is%5C+approximately%5C+3%5C-4%5C+days.%5C+A%5C+cyme%5C+has%5C+2%5C-9%5C+flowered.%5C+The%5C+flowering%5C+period%5C+of%5C+an%5C+inflorescence%5C+is%5C+usually%5C+5%5C-14%5C+days.%5C+The%5C+flowers%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+were%5C+protandrous.%5C+The%5C+stamens%5C+were%5C+within%5C+petal%5C-like%5C+staminodes%5C+in%5C+the%5C+opening%5C+flowers%5C+until%5C+the%5C+flower%5C+withered.%5C+Without%5C+touchment%2C%5C+the%5C+bractlike%5C+staminodes%5C+can%E2%80%99t%5C+open.%5C+Self%5C-pollination%5C+was%5C+partially%5C+avoided%5C+by%5C+temporal%5C+and%5C+spatial%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+male%5C+and%5C+female%5C+organs%5C+within%5C+the%5C+same%5C+flower.%5C+However%2C%5C+autogamous%5C+and%5C+geitonogamous%5C+pollination%5C+is%5C+unavoidable%5C+because%5C+of%5C+the%5C+large%5C+number%5C+of%5C+flowers%5C+on%5C+a%5C+single%5C+tree%5C+and%5C+the%5C+action%5C+of%5C+pollinators.%5C+The%5C+values%5C+of%5C+both%5C+OCI%5C+%5C%28%E2%89%A54%5C%29%5C+and%5C+P%5C%2FO%5C+%5C%281381%5C%29%5C+and%5C+the%5C+results%5C+of%5C+bagging%5C+tests%5C+indicated%5C+there%5C+was%5C+no%5C+apomixes%5C+in%5C+C.%5C+yunnanensis%5C+and%5C+the%5C+breeding%5C+system%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species%5C+was%5C+outcrossing%5C+with%5C+partial%5C+self%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species, usually called tree ferns, are considered as relicts of a time when dinosaurs were common. In recent several decades, the number of Cyatheaceae plants decreases dramatically. In order to find the reasons and provide directions for protecting these endangered plants, the biological characteristics of Cyatheaceae were surveyed. Using AFLP and cpDNA sequence variations, the genetic diversity and phylogeography of Sphaeropteris brunoniana were also analyzed. Based on these findings, implications for conservation strategies were discussed for this relict tree fern. Main results of the dissertation were summarized as follows, (1) Cyatheaceae plants have extensive distribution in Yunnan, China, and most of them distribute in southeast of Yunnan. In southeast, they usually inhabit margins of evergreen broad-leaved forests or secondary coniferous forests; however, the population update is very different and the age structure is unscientific. The spore of Cyatheaceae is trilete, radially symmetrical, and perinous. The spores of Alsophila species feature a ridged perine and a granular, verrucate or smooth exine. The spores of S. brunoniana are characterized by an incipient granular outermost layer and a verrucate exine. The metaphase chromosome numbers of gametophytes in the three examined species, viz. A. podophylla, A. gigantea and A. austro-yunnanensis, are 69, indicating that they are diploid and do not display variety in chromosome number. The chemical constituents of S. brunoniana are main simple and familiar compounds, such as saccharides, fatty acids and alcohols, and stigmasterols. (2) An unexpectedly high level of nDNA genetic diversity and low cpDNA diversity were detected in S. brunoniana. (3) This study showed that the genetic differentiation among populations within regions was low and between regions was significant. (4) There were several refugia of S. brunoniana in Yunnan during glacial periods. The Hainan populations were likely new colonizations and originated from Southeast Asia. (5) To retain existing genetic diversity, whether in situ or ex situ conservation or collection of germplasm is used, the populations of the two regions should be considered equally. Furthermore, ex situ conservation of this species should be preferably conducted on large populations.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=forest%2Bmanagement&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACyatheaceae%5C+species%2C%5C+usually%5C+called%5C+tree%5C+ferns%2C%5C+are%5C+considered%5C+as%5C+relicts%5C+of%5C+a%5C+time%5C+when%5C+dinosaurs%5C+were%5C+common.%5C+In%5C+recent%5C+several%5C+decades%2C%5C+the%5C+number%5C+of%5C+Cyatheaceae%5C+plants%5C+decreases%5C+dramatically.%5C+In%5C+order%5C+to%5C+find%5C+the%5C+reasons%5C+and%5C+provide%5C+directions%5C+for%5C+protecting%5C+these%5C+endangered%5C+plants%2C%5C+the%5C+biological%5C+characteristics%5C+of%5C+Cyatheaceae%5C+were%5C+surveyed.%5C+Using%5C+AFLP%5C+and%5C+cpDNA%5C+sequence%5C+variations%2C%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+and%5C+phylogeography%5C+of%5C+Sphaeropteris%5C+brunoniana%5C+were%5C+also%5C+analyzed.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+these%5C+findings%2C%5C+implications%5C+for%5C+conservation%5C+strategies%5C+were%5C+discussed%5C+for%5C+this%5C+relict%5C+tree%5C+fern.%5C+Main%5C+results%5C+of%5C+the%5C+dissertation%5C+were%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%2C%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%5C+Cyatheaceae%5C+plants%5C+have%5C+extensive%5C+distribution%5C+in%5C+Yunnan%2C%5C+China%2C%5C+and%5C+most%5C+of%5C+them%5C+distribute%5C+in%5C+southeast%5C+of%5C+Yunnan.%5C+In%5C+southeast%2C%5C+they%5C+usually%5C+inhabit%5C+margins%5C+of%5C+evergreen%5C+broad%5C-leaved%5C+forests%5C+or%5C+secondary%5C+coniferous%5C+forests%5C%3B%5C+however%2C%5C+the%5C+population%5C+update%5C+is%5C+very%5C+different%5C+and%5C+the%5C+age%5C+structure%5C+is%5C+unscientific.%5C+The%5C+spore%5C+of%5C+Cyatheaceae%5C+is%5C+trilete%2C%5C+radially%5C+symmetrical%2C%5C+and%5C+perinous.%5C+The%5C+spores%5C+of%5C+Alsophila%5C+species%5C+feature%5C+a%5C+ridged%5C+perine%5C+and%5C+a%5C+granular%2C%5C+verrucate%5C+or%5C+smooth%5C+exine.%5C+The%5C+spores%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+brunoniana%5C+are%5C+characterized%5C+by%5C+an%5C+incipient%5C+granular%5C+outermost%5C+layer%5C+and%5C+a%5C+verrucate%5C+exine.%5C+The%5C+metaphase%5C+chromosome%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+gametophytes%5C+in%5C+the%5C+three%5C+examined%5C+species%2C%5C+viz.%5C+A.%5C+podophylla%2C%5C+A.%5C+gigantea%5C+and%5C+A.%5C+austro%5C-yunnanensis%2C%5C+are%5C+69%2C%5C+indicating%5C+that%5C+they%5C+are%5C+diploid%5C+and%5C+do%5C+not%5C+display%5C+variety%5C+in%5C+chromosome%5C+number.%5C+The%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+brunoniana%5C+are%5C+main%5C+simple%5C+and%5C+familiar%5C+compounds%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+saccharides%2C%5C+fatty%5C+acids%5C+and%5C+alcohols%2C%5C+and%5C+stigmasterols.%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%5C+An%5C+unexpectedly%5C+high%5C+level%5C+of%5C+nDNA%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+and%5C+low%5C+cpDNA%5C+diversity%5C+were%5C+detected%5C+in%5C+S.%5C+brunoniana.%5C+%5C%283%5C%29%5C+This%5C+study%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+among%5C+populations%5C+within%5C+regions%5C+was%5C+low%5C+and%5C+between%5C+regions%5C+was%5C+significant.%5C+%5C%284%5C%29%5C+There%5C+were%5C+several%5C+refugia%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+brunoniana%5C+in%5C+Yunnan%5C+during%5C+glacial%5C+periods.%5C+The%5C+Hainan%5C+populations%5C+were%5C+likely%5C+new%5C+colonizations%5C+and%5C+originated%5C+from%5C+Southeast%5C+Asia.%5C+%5C%285%5C%29%5C+To%5C+retain%5C+existing%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%2C%5C+whether%5C+in%5C+situ%5C+or%5C+ex%5C+situ%5C+conservation%5C+or%5C+collection%5C+of%5C+germplasm%5C+is%5C+used%2C%5C+the%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+the%5C+two%5C+regions%5C+should%5C+be%5C+considered%5C+equally.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+ex%5C+situ%5C+conservation%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%5C+should%5C+be%5C+preferably%5C+conducted%5C+on%5C+large%5C+populations."},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-08-19"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
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NSFC
4
Applied Fundamental
3
GIZ/BMZ on behalf of
3
Humidtropics, a CGIA
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John D. and Catherin
3
National Natural Sci
3
Yunnan Natural Scien
3
41030212
2
CAS/SAFEA Internatio
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Chinese Academy of S
2
Chinese Academy of S
2
Chinese Ministry of
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Federal Ministry for
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German Federal Minis
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