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资助项目
0.05) between wild (AR = 4.651), semi-cultivated (AR = 5.091) and cultivated (AR = 5.132) populations of C. taliensis, which suggested that the genetic background of long-lived woody plant was not easy to be changed, and there were moderate high gene flow between populations. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between wild (AR = 5.9) and cultivated (AR = 7.1) populations distributed in the same place in Yun county, Yunnan province, which may result from the hybridization and introgression of species in the tea garden and anthropogenic damages to the wild population. The hypothesis of hybrid origin of C. grandibracteata was tested by morphological and microsatellites analyses. Compared with other species, the locules in ovary of C. grandibracteata are variable, which showed a morphological intermediate and mosaic. Except one private allele, Ninety-nine percent alleles of C. grandibracteata were shared with these of C. taliensis and C. sinensis var. assamica. And C. grandibracteata was nested in the cluster of C. taliensis in the UPGMA tree. Conclusively, our results supported the hypothesis of hybrid origin of C. grandibracteata partly. The speciation of C. grandibracteata was derived from hybridization and asymmetrical introgression potentially. It is possible that C. taliensis was one of its parents, but it still needs more evidences to prove that C. sinensis var. assamica was another parent.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Multiple%2BHybrids&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ACamellia%5C+taliensis%5C+%5C%28W.%5C+W.%5C+Smith%5C%29%5C+Melchior%2C%5C+a%5C+member%5C+of%5C+Camellia%5C+sect.%5C+Thea%2C%5C+is%5C+an%5C+indigenous%5C+species%5C+in%5C+local%5C+natural%5C+forest%5C+and%5C+has%5C+a%5C+long%5C+cultivative%5C+history%5C+in%5C+western%5C+Yunnan%5C+and%5C+its%5C+neighborhood%2C%5C+where%5C+the%5C+domestications%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%5C+in%5C+different%5C+historical%5C+periods%5C+and%5C+in%5C+different%5C+ways%5C+can%5C+be%5C+found.%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+is%5C+an%5C+important%5C+contributor%5C+to%5C+the%5C+formations%5C+of%5C+tea%5C+landraces%5C+by%5C+hybridization%5C+and%5C+introgression.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+present%5C+study%2C%5C+14%5C+microsatellite%5C+loci%5C+screened%5C+from%5C+37%5C+loci%5C+were%5C+used%5C+to%5C+explore%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+about%5C+this%5C+species%5C+with%5C+579%5C+samples%5C+from%5C+25%5C+populations%5C+%5C%2816%5C+wild%5C+populations%2C%5C+4%5C+semi%5C-cultivated%5C+populations%5C+and%5C+5%5C+cultivated%5C+populations%5C%29.%5C+At%5C+the%5C+same%5C+time%2C%5C+the%5C+potential%5C+hybrid%5C+speciation%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%2C%5C+was%5C+investigated%5C+using%5C+39%5C+individuals%5C+from%5C+2%5C+populations%2C%5C+along%5C+with%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica%5C+%5C%2883%5C+individuals%5C+from%5C+4%5C+populations%5C%29%5C+by%5C+the%5C+same%5C+microsatellite%5C+markers.%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+had%5C+a%5C+moderate%5C+high%5C+level%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28A%5C+%3D%5C+14.3%2C%5C+Ne%3D%5C+5.7%2C%5C+HE%5C+%3D%5C+0.666%2C%5C+I%5C+%3D%5C+1.753%2C%5C+AR%5C+%3D%5C+7.2%2C%5C+PPB%5C+%3D%5C+100%25%5C%29.%5C+This%5C+may%5C+result%5C+from%5C+several%5C+factors%5C+including%5C+K%5C-strategy%2C%5C+genetic%5C+background%2C%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+between%5C+populations%2C%5C+hybridization%5C+and%5C+introgression%5C+among%5C+species.%5C+Between%5C+wild%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%2C%5C+the%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+was%5C+moderate%5C+high%5C+%5C%28Nm%5C+%3D%5C+1.197%5C%29%2C%5C+and%5C+genetic%5C+variation%5C+was%5C+less%5C+than%5C+20%25%5C+%5C%28GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.147%2C%5C+FST%5C+%3D%5C+0.173%5C%29%2C%5C+which%5C+was%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+other%5C+research%5C+results%5C+of%5C+long%5C-lived%5C+woody%5C+plants%2C%5C+and%5C+reflected%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+its%5C+ancestry%5C+to%5C+same%5C+extent.%5C+There%5C+was%5C+a%5C+high%5C+significant%5C+correlation%5C+between%5C+geographic%5C+distance%5C+and%5C+Nei%E2%80%99s%5C+genetic%5C+distance%5C+%5C%28r%5C+%3D%5C+0.372%2C%5C+P%5C+%3D%5C+0.001%5C%29%5C+of%5C+populations%2C%5C+which%5C+accorded%5C+with%5C+isolation%5C+by%5C+distance%5C+model.%5C+Inferring%5C+from%5C+Bayesian%5C+clustering%5C+of%5C+genotypes%2C%5C+all%5C+individuals%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+were%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+two%5C+groups%2C%5C+conflicting%5C+with%5C+the%5C+result%5C+based%5C+on%5C+Nei%E2%80%99s%5C+genetic%5C+distance%5C+and%5C+real%5C+geographic%5C+distribution%2C%5C+which%5C+suggested%5C+there%5C+were%5C+heavy%5C+and%5C+non%5C-random%5C+influences%5C+by%5C+human%5C+practices.%5C+According%5C+to%5C+allelic%5C+richness%2C%5C+there%5C+were%5C+no%5C+significant%5C+differences%5C+%5C%28P%5C+%3E%5C+0.05%5C%29%5C+between%5C+wild%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+4.651%5C%29%2C%5C+semi%5C-cultivated%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+5.091%5C%29%5C+and%5C+cultivated%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+5.132%5C%29%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%2C%5C+which%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+background%5C+of%5C+long%5C-lived%5C+woody%5C+plant%5C+was%5C+not%5C+easy%5C+to%5C+be%5C+changed%2C%5C+and%5C+there%5C+were%5C+moderate%5C+high%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+between%5C+populations.%5C+However%2C%5C+there%5C+was%5C+a%5C+significant%5C+difference%5C+%5C%28P%5C+%3C%5C+0.05%5C%29%5C+between%5C+wild%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+5.9%5C%29%5C+and%5C+cultivated%5C+%5C%28AR%5C+%3D%5C+7.1%5C%29%5C+populations%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+the%5C+same%5C+place%5C+in%5C+Yun%5C+county%2C%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%2C%5C+which%5C+may%5C+result%5C+from%5C+the%5C+hybridization%5C+and%5C+introgression%5C+of%5C+species%5C+in%5C+the%5C+tea%5C+garden%5C+and%5C+anthropogenic%5C+damages%5C+to%5C+the%5C+wild%5C+population.%5C+The%5C+hypothesis%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+origin%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+was%5C+tested%5C+by%5C+morphological%5C+and%5C+microsatellites%5C+analyses.%5C+Compared%5C+with%5C+other%5C+species%2C%5C+the%5C+locules%5C+in%5C+ovary%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+are%5C+variable%2C%5C+which%5C+showed%5C+a%5C+morphological%5C+intermediate%5C+and%5C+mosaic.%5C+Except%5C+one%5C+private%5C+allele%2C%5C+Ninety%5C-nine%5C+percent%5C+alleles%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+were%5C+shared%5C+with%5C+these%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica.%5C+And%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+was%5C+nested%5C+in%5C+the%5C+cluster%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+in%5C+the%5C+UPGMA%5C+tree.%5C+Conclusively%2C%5C+our%5C+results%5C+supported%5C+the%5C+hypothesis%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+origin%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+partly.%5C+The%5C+speciation%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+grandibracteata%5C+was%5C+derived%5C+from%5C+hybridization%5C+and%5C+asymmetrical%5C+introgression%5C+potentially.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+possible%5C+that%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+was%5C+one%5C+of%5C+its%5C+parents%2C%5C+but%5C+it%5C+still%5C+needs%5C+more%5C+evidences%5C+to%5C+prove%5C+that%5C+C.%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica%5C+was%5C+another%5C+parent."},{"jsname":"China Scholarship Council","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Multiple%2BHybrids&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AChina%5C+Scholarship%5C+Council"},{"jsname":"China Scholarship Council[201504910423]","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Multiple%2BHybrids&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AChina%5C+Scholarship%5C+Council%5C%5B201504910423%5C%5D"},{"jsname":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Multiple%2BHybrids&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AChinese%5C+Academy%5C+of%5C+Sciences"},{"jsname":"During a field trip at a brule in Shangri-La, a mixed population of Ligularia Cass. was found, which including L. subspicata (Bur. et Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., L. nelumbifolia (Bur. et Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., L. tongolensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., L. cymbulifera (W.W.Smith) Hand.-Mazz., L. lingiana S.W.Liu, and also some individuals morphologically intermediate between L. subspicata and L. nelumbifolia. Hence, these intermediate individuals were preliminarily assumed as natural hybrids of the two Ligularia. According to their morphology, they’re assumed to form hybrids A and B. Through careful comparison of specimens in herbarium and those we collected, the inflorescence of putative hybrid A is close to L. nelumbifolia, but the shape of laminae are intergradation of L. subspicata and L. nelumbifolia; overall morphology of putative hybrids B is similar to L. nelumbifolia, but inflorescence color is as same as L. subspicata. Compared to L. nelumbifolia (39%) and L. subspicata (36.8%), the germination rate of putative hybrid B (45.7%) slightly higher than the two; but that of hybrid A is extraordinarily low (0.3%). One possible interpretation of the low rate is hybridization. 60 individuals were collected, including putative parents, other 4 species of Ligularia nearby, putative hybrid A and B. They were all direct sequenced of four cpDNA fragments, and direct sequenced or cloning sequenced of nrDNA ITS4-5. The results support that L. nelumbifolia and L. subspicata are parents of putative hybrid A, and the majority female parent is L. subspicata, L. vellerea may also be involved in the hybridization in some degree; the nuclear sequences of putative hybrid B have no superposition, and its chloroplast DNA sequences are identical with L. nelumbifolia, so putative hybrid B could not be hybrid; and there are backcross individuals exist among the putative parent L. subspicata. NewHybrids analysis of ISSR markers indicated that, the individuals of putative hybrid A are almost L. nelumbifolia and L. subspicata F1 hybrid generation (10/11), only 1/11 possibly backcross or other forms; all individuals of hybrid B are L. nelumbifolia; except one individual of L. subspicata as backcrossed, the other parent individuals are 100% reliable. This study focused on molecular evidence, complemented by ecological, reproductive and other characteristics, we demonstrated that the morphologically intermediate individuals’ origin, and the probability of belonging to each parental or hybrid class. And concluded that L. nelumbifolia and L. subspicata are the parents of putative hybrid A, L. vellerea may also be involved in the hybridization in some degree, hybrids mainly are the first generation, a few individuals may be involved in backcross, and most probably backcross with L. subspicata according to the anthesis, while the assumption of hybrid B is not supported.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Multiple%2BHybrids&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ADuring%5C+a%5C+field%5C+trip%5C+at%5C+a%5C+brule%5C+in%5C+Shangri%5C-La%2C%5C+a%5C+mixed%5C+population%5C+of%5C+Ligularia%5C+Cass.%5C+was%5C+found%2C%5C+which%5C+including%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+%5C%28Bur.%5C+et%5C+Franch.%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+%5C%28Bur.%5C+et%5C+Franch.%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+%5C%28Franch.%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+cymbulifera%5C+%5C%28W.W.Smith%5C%29%5C+Hand.%5C-Mazz.%2C%5C+L.%5C+lingiana%5C+S.W.Liu%2C%5C+and%5C+also%5C+some%5C+individuals%5C+morphologically%5C+intermediate%5C+between%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia.%5C+Hence%2C%5C+these%5C+intermediate%5C+individuals%5C+were%5C+preliminarily%5C+assumed%5C+as%5C+natural%5C+hybrids%5C+of%5C+the%5C+two%5C+Ligularia.%5C+According%5C+to%5C+their%5C+morphology%2C%5C+they%E2%80%99re%5C+assumed%5C+to%5C+form%5C+hybrids%5C+A%5C+and%5C+B.%5C+Through%5C+careful%5C+comparison%5C+of%5C+specimens%5C+in%5C+herbarium%5C+and%5C+those%5C+we%5C+collected%2C%5C+the%5C+inflorescence%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+is%5C+close%5C+to%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%2C%5C+but%5C+the%5C+shape%5C+of%5C+laminae%5C+are%5C+intergradation%C2%A0of%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C%3B%5C+overall%5C+morphology%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrids%5C+B%5C+is%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%2C%5C+but%5C+inflorescence%5C+color%5C+is%5C+as%5C+same%5C+as%5C+L.%5C+subspicata.%5C+Compared%5C+to%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+%5C%2839%25%5C%29%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+%5C%2836.8%25%5C%29%2C%5C+the%5C+germination%5C+rate%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+%5C%2845.7%25%5C%29%5C+slightly%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+the%5C+two%5C%3B%5C+but%5C+that%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+is%5C+extraordinarily%5C+low%5C+%5C%280.3%25%5C%29.%5C+One%5C+possible%5C+interpretation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+low%5C+rate%5C+is%5C+hybridization.%5C+60%5C+individuals%5C+were%5C+collected%2C%5C+including%5C+putative%5C+parents%2C%5C+other%5C+4%5C+species%5C+of%5C+Ligularia%5C+nearby%2C%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+and%5C+B.%5C+They%5C+were%5C+all%5C+direct%5C+sequenced%5C+of%5C+four%5C+cpDNA%5C+fragments%2C%5C+and%5C+direct%5C+sequenced%5C+or%5C+cloning%5C+sequenced%5C+of%5C+nrDNA%5C+ITS4%5C-5.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+support%5C+that%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+are%5C+parents%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+majority%5C+female%5C+parent%5C+is%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%2C%5C+L.%5C+vellerea%5C+may%5C+also%5C+be%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+the%5C+hybridization%5C+in%5C+some%5C+degree%5C%3B%5C+the%5C+nuclear%5C+sequences%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+have%5C+no%5C+superposition%2C%5C+and%5C+its%5C+chloroplast%5C+DNA%5C+sequences%5C+are%5C+identical%5C+with%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%2C%5C+so%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+could%5C+not%5C+be%5C+hybrid%5C%3B%5C+and%5C+there%5C+are%5C+backcross%5C+individuals%5C+exist%5C+among%5C+the%5C+putative%5C+parent%5C+L.%5C+subspicata.%5C+NewHybrids%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+ISSR%5C+markers%5C+indicated%5C+that%2C%5C+the%5C+individuals%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%5C+are%5C+almost%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+F1%5C+hybrid%5C+generation%5C+%5C%2810%5C%2F11%5C%29%2C%5C+only%5C+1%5C%2F11%5C+possibly%5C+backcross%5C+or%5C+other%5C+forms%5C%3B%5C+all%5C+individuals%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+are%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C%3B%5C+except%5C+one%5C+individual%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+as%5C+backcrossed%2C%5C+the%5C+other%5C+parent%5C+individuals%5C+are%5C+100%25%5C+reliable.%5C+This%5C+study%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+molecular%5C+evidence%2C%5C+complemented%5C+by%5C+ecological%2C%5C+reproductive%5C+and%5C+other%5C+characteristics%2C%5C+we%5C+demonstrated%5C+that%5C+the%5C+morphologically%5C+intermediate%5C+individuals%E2%80%99%5C+origin%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+probability%5C+of%5C+belonging%5C+to%5C+each%5C+parental%5C+or%5C+hybrid%5C+class.%5C+And%5C+concluded%5C+that%5C+L.%5C+nelumbifolia%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+are%5C+the%5C+parents%5C+of%5C+putative%5C+hybrid%5C+A%2C%5C+L.%5C+vellerea%5C+may%5C+also%5C+be%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+the%5C+hybridization%5C+in%5C+some%5C+degree%2C%5C+hybrids%5C+mainly%5C+are%5C+the%5C+first%5C+generation%2C%5C+a%5C+few%5C+individuals%5C+may%5C+be%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+backcross%2C%5C+and%5C+most%5C+probably%5C+backcross%5C+with%5C+L.%5C+subspicata%5C+according%5C+to%5C+the%5C+anthesis%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+assumption%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+B%5C+is%5C+not%5C+supported."},{"jsname":"Glory Light International Fellowship for Chinese Botanists at Missouri Botanical Garden","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.project.fundingorganization_filter&advanced=false&query1=Multiple%2BHybrids&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AGlory%5C+Light%5C+International%5C+Fellowship%5C+for%5C+Chinese%5C+Botanists%5C+at%5C+Missouri%5C+Botanical%5C+Garden"},{"jsname":"In order to investigate the indole alkaloids, this paper studied the chemical constituents from three plants, Gelsemium elegans (Loganiaceae), Trigonostemon thyrsoideus (Euphorbiaceae), and Buddleja Alternifolia (Loganiaceae). 67 compounds were isolated including 20 new compounds.The main work of this thesis is that investigation and evaluation of indole alkaloids in detail from G. elegans collected in Xishuanbanna, Yunnan Province of China.Phytochemical investigation on the total base fraction of G. elegans lead to harvest 51 compounds, including 18 new indole alkaloids and one new iridoid. Among them, 8 Humantenine-type alkaloids including 2 new ones; 1 new Gelselegine-type one; 14 Gelsedine-type ones, of 3 new ones; 11 Sarpagine-type ones, of 2 new ones; 6 koumine-type ones, of 4 new ones; 3 Gelsemine-type ones, and 2 yohimbane-type ones which are isolated at the first time. Moreover, it is firstly reported 4 new β-carboline alkaloids with a 3-substitution. The biosynthesis pathway of all types of alkaloids especially new compounds are proposed. At the same time, the bioassay of part of alkaloids were performed.In this paper, two unusual “chemical phenomenons” were stated and explored.Moreover, two novel daphnane diterpenes with unusual 4,6-epoxide and six totaxins and sterols were isolated from trigonostemon thyrsoideus. And then, one phenylpropanoid and five sterols were found from Buddleja Alternifolia.The review outline indole alkaloids and their anti-tumor 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