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中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
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6 could use lots of photosynthates, but contributed little to the accumulation of biomass. 4. Photosynthetic rate of P. armeniacum decreased a little at the noon, and the highest photosynthetic rate was observed at 10:00h in the greenhouse. The variation of photosynthetic rate was in the same trend as stomatal conductance. Higher relative humidity seemed to be the key for higher photosynthetic rate in P. armeniacum. 5. The photosynthetic capacity of C. flavum was statistically larger than that of P. armeniacum. The lower leaf photosynthetic capacity of P. armeniacum was related to its lower leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration and enzyme activities. Meanwhile, the extremely lower stomatal conductance and internal mesophyll conductance might greatly limit the photosynthetic capacity of P. armeniacum. The lower stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of Paphiopedilum might partially caused by the lack of chloroplasts in the guard cell of Paphiopedilum. Compared with C. flavum, P. armeniacum was more fond of shade environment.6. The short longevity leaf of Cypripedium had bigger photosynthetic capacity and greater potential for fast growth. But the longer LL of Paphiopedilum enhanced nutrient conservation which could compensate its lower photosynthetic capacity. The short longevity leaf of Cypripedium usually had higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf mass and dark respiration rate, and photosynthetic capacity decreased fast with leaf age. However, for Paphiopedilum, the situation was the opposite. 7. Compared with Cypripedium, Paphiopedilum had higher water use efficiency and lower photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. 8. The leaf of Paphiopedilum had higher leaf construction cost and longer repayment time than that of Cypripedium. The leaf structures and physiological functions of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium reflected the adaptation to their habitats. The leaf morphological and physiological evolution of Paphiopedilum was related to water and resource-conserving traits in the karst habitat. The leaf traits of Cypripedium were the adaptation to the environment rich in water and nutrients but easy to change with seasons.Our results provided evidence of divergent evolution of congeneric orchids under natural 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membrane system of cell performs many important functions, such as separates cells from the environment, keeps the biochemical reactions in order ect.. The integrity of membrane is very important for plants to survive, especially under the environmental stress. Among all environmental factors, temperature has the closest relationship with membrane and intensively study on this area has been reported. Most researches are mainly focused on the relationship between the composition of fatty acid about membrane and low temperature, while that with high temperature are rare. Nowadays, the increasing concentration of CO2 resulted in increasing temperature and high temperature has become an important inhibition to crop productivity. Thus, it’s necessary and emergent to study the relationship between membrane lipids and high temperature.In the present dissertation, Arabidopsis and its high temperature sensitive mutant were chosen to study the relationship between membrane lipids and high temperature. The ESI-MS/MS was used to examine the composition of membrane lipids. High temperature includes two categories, one is heat stress and the other is moderate heat stress. Heat stress can be divided into two processes: with and without heat acclimation. Five results have been obtained grounding on these works. Firstly, different change models of membrane lipids during heat stress and moderate stress had been found. The degradation of membrane lipids during moderate heat stress was controlled, while that of heat stress was out of control. During moderate heat stress, the degradation mainly happened on chloroplast, such as DGDG and PG, especially those lipids which has polyunsaturated fatty acids. Under heat stress, the degradation about plasma membrane and chloroplast membrane shared same rates. Secondly, the degradation of membrane lipids was reduced when plants had experienced heat acclimation before heat stress, and this change had nothing to do with accumulation of HSP101. The results suggested the acquired thermo-tolerance not only had related with HSP101, but also with membrane lipids. Thirdly, the amount of phosphatidic acid (PA) played an important role during heat stress. If the amount of PA rose to proper extent, it benefited the plants, while if it rose to high level, it destroyed the membrane structure. At last, the HSP101 mutant had higher ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/ saturated fatty acids than that of wild Arabidopsis under long term moderate heat stress. The dissertation also included other two parts: the drought-tolerance of Thellungiella halophila and the chemical structure and bioactivity of the second metabolites from endophytes, which were isolated from Trewia nudiflor. Thellungiella halophila shared the same characteristic with Arabidopsis in many aspects, such as dwarf phenotype, short life cycle, fertility and small genome. The research indicated that at cDNA level, they were also very similar. Besides these Thellungiella halophila was more tolerant to stress condition. The previous research about Thellungiella halophila mainly focused on the high-salinity stress, and the researches of drought stress were rare. In this dissertation we focused on the drought-resistance of Thellungiella halophila. Compare to Arabidopsis, Thellungiella halophila could keep water content in high level, more resist to ROS, good photosynthesis activity and keep the membrane system integrity under drought stress. It was interesting that the substances, which rose when Arabidopsis under stress, were at high level in normal Thellungiella halophila, such as: proline, ABA. The degradation of membrane lipids mainly happened on chloroplast membrane of Arabidopsis. In contrast, the membrane of Thellungiella halophila didn’t change. All these evidence indicated that Thellungiella halophila was more drought-tolerant than Arabidopsis. During the research about the chemical structure and bioactivity of the second metabolites from endophytes, which were isolated from Trewia nudiflor, we isolated 46 endophytes from different parts of plants . 34 species of them were selected for bioactivity test, and the bioactivity test show that 50% of them have some bioactivity. We also isolated 24 compounds from 6 endophytes, and 22 of them have been identified by spectra data, including: macrolides, azaphilones, anthraquinones, and steroids. 8 of them are novel compounds. Judging from results, we know the Trewia nudiflor is good resources to isolate endophytes and the endophytes are good resources to search for novel and bioactivity 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reaction of transphosphatidylation is which phospholipase D catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of the terminal phosphate diester bond of glycerophosphatides, transfer the phosphatidyl moiety of a phospholipids to a primary alcohol or water, producing phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Although this reaction plays important role in regulating physical process in plants and anminals, the pathway involved in and detailed regulation mechanism are still unknown or not clear. There are three factors which can affect transphosphatidylation, substrates, enzymes and products. This paper intended to uncover the physical effect of the reaction in detail by changing two indispensable factors, the type of substrate and the PLDs. This paper consist of three researches, the first one, changing the accept substrate of the reaction aims to study the relationship between the structure of alcohols and the physical effect, to reveal the significance of the reaction; secondly, using genetic methods to regulate the expression of PLDs mediating transphosphatidylation intends to study its roles in regulating senescence; thirdly, reducing mostly PA derived from PLDs by addition 1-Butanol try to study the effect of PLD-derived PA on phosphate starvation. 1. Initial research of the effect of alcohols on the palnt growth. In this study, we study on the effect of alcohols on Arabidopsis seed germination, seeding growth and membrane lipids molecules, the metabolic procees and signaling pathway invoved in plant responding to 1-Butanol. According to the results we observed, the toxicity of alcohols and its polarity is positively correlated; the toxicity of alcohols to plants may be related with the butanoate and propanoate metabolic pathway rather than transphosphatidylation, the increase of free IAA is contributed to the resistance to 1-Butanol for WS ecotype Arabidopsis thaliana. Futhermore, five 1-Butanol insensitive mutants have obtained and the mutant sites has identified. Under the same concentration 1-Butanol stress, the five mutants are in better condition no matter physical and chemical level or cellular levels compared to wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana. It is believed that the five mutants definitely provide direct evidence for us to uncover the mechanism of the toxicity of alcohols to plants. 2. The change pattern of the membrane lipid molecules responding to the phytohormones-promoted detached Arabidopsis leaves and the role of PLDα1 and PLDδ in regulating this process. The reason for PLDα1-antisense mutant and PLDδ-knockout mutant delaying phytohormone-promoted senescence may be PLDα1 and PLDδ are response to the ABA and ethylene sinaling; PLDα1-or PLDδ-derived PA contributes to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; PLDα1-antisense mutant and PLDδ-knockout mutant have higher level of indole-3-acrtic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) level but lower level of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) compared to wild-type Col and wild-type WS, respectively, which is favorable to retard the phytohormone-promoted detached leaves senescence. 3. Application tert-butanol increase the efficiency of phosphate utilization and absord when the phosphate-limited. The seedinges phosphate-starved or not exposed to 1-Butanol was subjected to lethal stress. However, in low phosphate condition, application of tert-butanol lower anthocyanin accumulation, increase the phosphate levels and the siliques number, in a word, tert-butanol attenuates the symptom of phosphate-starved induced. It is suggested that tert-Butanol can increase the utilization and absord efficiency of the limited phosphate, however, more evidences are needed to prove the mechanism.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=eperson.unique.id&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=MOLECULAR-CLONING&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+reaction%5C+of%5C+transphosphatidylation%5C+is%5C+which%5C+phospholipase%5C+D%5C+catalyzes%5C+hydrolytic%5C+cleavage%5C+of%5C+the%5C+terminal%5C+phosphate%5C+diester%5C+bond%5C+of%5C+glycerophosphatides%2C%5C+transfer%5C+the%5C+phosphatidyl%5C+moiety%5C+of%5C+a%5C+phospholipids%5C+to%5C+a%5C+primary%5C+alcohol%5C+or%5C+water%2C%5C+producing%5C+phosphatidyl%5C+alcohol%5C+or%5C+phosphatidic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28PtdOH%5C%29.%5C+Although%5C+this%5C+reaction%5C+plays%5C+important%5C+role%5C+in%5C+regulating%5C+physical%5C+process%5C+in%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+anminals%2C%5C+the%5C+pathway%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+and%5C+detailed%5C+regulation%5C+mechanism%5C+are%5C+still%5C+unknown%5C+or%5C+not%5C+clear.%5C+There%5C+are%5C+three%5C+factors%5C+which%5C+can%5C+affect%5C+transphosphatidylation%2C%5C+substrates%2C%5C+enzymes%5C+and%5C+products.%5C+This%5C+paper%5C+intended%5C+to%5C+uncover%5C+the%5C+physical%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C+in%5C+detail%5C+by%5C+changing%5C+two%5C+indispensable%5C+factors%2C%5C+the%5C+type%5C+of%5C+substrate%5C+and%5C+the%5C+PLDs.%5C+This%5C+paper%5C+consist%5C+of%C2%A0three%5C+researches%2C%5C+the%5C+first%5C+one%2C%5C+changing%5C+the%5C+accept%5C+substrate%5C+of%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C+aims%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+the%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+and%5C+the%5C+physical%5C+effect%2C%5C+to%5C+reveal%5C+the%5C+significance%5C+of%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C%3B%5C+secondly%2C%5C+using%5C+genetic%5C+methods%5C+to%5C+regulate%5C+the%5C+expression%5C+of%5C+PLDs%5C+mediating%5C+transphosphatidylation%5C+intends%5C+to%5C+study%5C+its%5C+roles%5C+in%5C+regulating%5C+senescence%5C%3B%5C+thirdly%2C%5C+reducing%5C+mostly%5C+PA%5C+derived%5C+from%5C+PLDs%5C+by%5C+addition%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+try%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+PLD%5C-derived%5C+PA%5C+on%5C+phosphate%5C+starvation.%5C+1.%5C+Initial%5C+research%5C+of%5C+the%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+on%5C+the%5C+palnt%5C+growth.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+study%2C%5C+we%5C+study%5C+on%5C+the%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+on%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+seed%5C+germination%2C%5C+seeding%5C+growth%5C+and%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+molecules%2C%5C+the%5C+metabolic%5C+procees%5C+and%5C+signaling%5C+pathway%5C+invoved%5C+in%5C+plant%5C+responding%5C+to%5C+1%5C-Butanol.%5C+According%5C+to%5C+the%5C+results%5C+we%5C+observed%2C%5C+the%5C+toxicity%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+and%5C+its%5C+polarity%5C+is%5C+positively%5C+correlated%5C%3B%5C+the%5C+toxicity%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+to%5C+plants%5C+may%5C+be%5C+related%5C+with%5C+the%5C+butanoate%5C+and%5C+propanoate%5C+metabolic%5C+pathway%5C+rather%5C+than%5C+transphosphatidylation%2C%5C+the%5C+increase%5C+of%5C+free%5C+IAA%5C+is%5C+contributed%5C+to%5C+the%5C+resistance%5C+to%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+for%5C+WS%5C+ecotype%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+thaliana.%5C+Futhermore%2C%5C+five%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+insensitive%5C+mutants%5C+have%5C+obtained%5C+and%5C+the%5C+mutant%5C+sites%5C+has%5C+identified.%5C+Under%5C+the%5C+same%5C+concentration%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+stress%2C%5C+the%5C+five%5C+mutants%5C+are%5C+in%5C+better%5C+condition%5C+no%5C+matter%5C+physical%5C+and%5C+chemical%5C+level%5C+or%5C+cellular%5C+levels%5C+compared%5C+to%5C+wild%5C-type%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+thaliana.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+believed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+five%5C+mutants%5C+definitely%5C+provide%5C+direct%5C+evidence%5C+for%5C+us%5C+to%5C+uncover%5C+the%5C+mechanism%5C+of%5C+the%5C+toxicity%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+to%5C+plants.%5C+2.%5C+The%5C+change%5C+pattern%5C+of%5C+the%5C+membrane%5C+lipid%5C+molecules%5C+responding%5C+to%5C+the%5C+phytohormones%5C-promoted%5C+detached%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+the%5C+role%5C+of%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C+in%5C+regulating%5C+this%5C+process.%5C+The%5C+reason%5C+for%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C-antisense%5C+mutant%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C-knockout%5C+mutant%5C+delaying%5C+phytohormone%5C-promoted%5C+senescence%5C+may%5C+be%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C+are%5C+response%5C+to%5C+the%5C+ABA%5C+and%5C+ethylene%5C+sinaling%5C%3B%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C-or%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C-derived%5C+PA%5C+contributes%5C+to%5C+reactive%5C+oxygen%5C+species%5C+%5C%28ROS%5C%29%5C+accumulation%5C%3B%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C-antisense%5C+mutant%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C-knockout%5C+mutant%5C+have%5C+higher%5C+level%5C+of%5C+indole%5C-3%5C-acrtic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28IAA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+zeatin%5C+riboside%5C+%5C%28ZR%5C%29%5C+level%5C+but%5C+lower%5C+level%5C+of%5C+abscisic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28ABA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+jasmonic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28JA%5C%29%5C+compared%5C+to%5C+wild%5C-type%5C+Col%5C+and%5C+wild%5C-type%5C+WS%2C%5C+respectively%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+favorable%5C+to%5C+retard%5C+the%5C+phytohormone%5C-promoted%5C+detached%5C+leaves%5C+senescence.%5C+3.%5C+Application%5C+tert%5C-butanol%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+efficiency%5C+of%5C+phosphate%5C+utilization%5C+and%5C+ab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investigating sympatric distribution of Rhododendron irroratum, examing the variation of floral characters and sequencing the ITS and other chloroplast segements, we find that (1) R. irroratum might be of hybrid origin, with its maternal parent R. delavayi or R. decorum. (2) The ancestral haplotype of R. irroratum might be identical to that of R. decorum, and it is under ongoing introgression from R. delavayi. 1. The natural distribution, Seven distribution sites of R. irroratum in Guizhou and Yunnan province were investigated. The result shows that R. irroratum is sympatric with R. delavayi, R. decorum and R. agastum. R. delavayi is widespread across the above-mentioned seven sites, whereas R. agastum is scarce in DaPingDi, HuaDianBa and HeQing sites. R. irroratum and R. agastum distribute at the higher elevation compared to that of R. decorum, while R. delavayi is of widespread distribution across both regions of R. decorum and R. irroratum.2. Floral variation of R. irroratum among populations, The floral characters remain vary within and among populations except for the stamen number and the petal number. Seven floral characters correlates with each other among populations, of 28 different combinations, 26 reveal significant correlation, and 23 extremely significant correlation. The PCA analysis shows that the first two components account for 52.18% of the total variation. The dendrogram tree is divided into four main parts, roughly representing the respective populations, which is constructed using 22 R. irroratum individuals. 3. Putative Development and the transferability test of SSR makers, Fifteen microsatellite loci were developed and characterized in R. delavayi. The average allele number of these microsatellites was 4 per locus, ranging from 3 to 6. The ranges of expected (HE) and observed (HO) heterozygosities were 0.0365-0.7091 and 0.0263-0.9512, respectively. Seven loci (R-111, R-112, R-147, R-299, R-320, R-335, and R-544) deviated significantly from the HWE (P﹤0.01). No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between locus pairs except for three locus pairs: R-299 and R-544, R-166 and R-320, R-111 and R-320. Cross-species amplification in R. agastum, R. decorum, and R. irroratum showed that a subset of these markers holds promise for congeneric species study.4. ITS, matK, trnH-psbA and rbcL sequences. R. delavayi has six sites different from that of R. decorum in its ITS region, whereas R. agastum reveals double peaks at the corresponding sites and R. irroratum is identical to that of R. delavayi. The chloroplast segements show that some R. irroratum individuals share the same haplotype with R. delavayi and others share them with R. decorum.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=eperson.unique.id&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=MOLECULAR-CLONING&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThrough%5C+investigating%5C+sympatric%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+Rhododendron%5C+irroratum%2C%5C+examing%5C+the%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+floral%5C+characters%5C+and%5C+sequencing%5C+the%5C+ITS%5C+and%5C+other%5C+chloroplast%5C+segements%2C%5C+we%5C+find%5C+that%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+might%5C+be%5C+of%5C+hybrid%5C+origin%2C%5C+with%5C+its%5C+maternal%5C+parent%5C+R.%5C+delavayi%5C+or%5C+R.%5C+decorum.%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%5C+The%5C+ancestral%5C+haplotype%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+might%5C+be%5C+identical%5C+to%5C+that%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+decorum%2C%5C+and%5C+it%5C+is%5C+under%5C+ongoing%5C+introgression%5C+from%5C+R.%5C+delavayi.%5C+1.%5C+The%5C+natural%5C+distribution%2C%5C+Seven%5C+distribution%5C+sites%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+in%5C+Guizhou%5C+and%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%5C+were%5C+investigated.%5C+The%5C+result%5C+shows%5C+that%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+is%5C+sympatric%5C+with%5C+R.%5C+delavayi%2C%5C+R.%5C+decorum%5C+and%5C+R.%5C+agastum.%5C+R.%5C+delavayi%5C+is%5C+widespread%5C+across%5C+the%5C+above%5C-mentioned%5C+seven%5C+sites%2C%5C+whereas%5C+R.%5C+agastum%5C+is%5C+scarce%5C+in%5C+DaPingDi%2C%5C+HuaDianBa%5C+and%5C+HeQing%5C+sites.%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+and%5C+R.%5C+agastum%5C+distribute%5C+at%5C+the%5C+higher%5C+elevation%5C+compared%5C+to%5C+that%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+decorum%2C%5C+while%5C+R.%5C+delavayi%5C+is%5C+of%5C+widespread%5C+distribution%5C+across%5C+both%5C+regions%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+decorum%5C+and%5C+R.%5C+irroratum.2.%5C+Floral%5C+variation%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+among%5C+populations%2C%5C+The%5C+floral%5C+characters%5C+remain%5C+vary%5C+within%5C+and%5C+among%5C+populations%5C+except%5C+for%5C+the%5C+stamen%5C+number%5C+and%5C+the%5C+petal%5C+number.%5C+Seven%5C+floral%5C+characters%5C+correlates%5C+with%5C+each%5C+other%5C+among%5C+populations%2C%5C+of%5C+28%5C+different%5C+combinations%2C%5C+26%5C+reveal%5C+significant%5C+correlation%2C%5C+and%5C+23%5C+extremely%5C+significant%5C+correlation.%5C+The%5C+PCA%5C+analysis%5C+shows%5C+that%5C+the%5C+first%5C+two%5C+components%5C+account%5C+for%5C+52.18%25%5C+of%5C+the%5C+total%5C+variation.%5C+The%5C+dendrogram%5C+tree%5C+is%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+four%5C+main%5C+parts%2C%5C+roughly%5C+representing%5C+the%5C+respective%5C+populations%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+constructed%5C+using%5C+22%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+individuals.%5C+3.%5C+Putative%5C+Development%5C+and%5C+the%5C+transferability%5C+test%5C+of%5C+SSR%5C+makers%2C%5C+Fifteen%5C+microsatellite%5C+loci%5C+were%5C+developed%5C+and%5C+characterized%5C+in%5C+R.%5C+delavayi.%5C+The%5C+average%5C+allele%5C+number%5C+of%5C+these%5C+microsatellites%5C+was%5C+4%5C+per%5C+locus%2C%5C+ranging%5C+from%5C+3%5C+to%5C+6.%5C+The%5C+ranges%5C+of%5C+expected%5C+%5C%28HE%5C%29%5C+and%5C+observed%5C+%5C%28HO%5C%29%5C+heterozygosities%5C+were%5C+0.0365%5C-0.7091%5C+and%5C+0.0263%5C-0.9512%2C%5C+respectively.%5C+Seven%5C+loci%5C+%5C%28R%5C-111%2C%5C+R%5C-112%2C%5C+R%5C-147%2C%5C+R%5C-299%2C%5C+R%5C-320%2C%5C+R%5C-335%2C%5C+and%5C+R%5C-544%5C%29%5C+deviated%5C+significantly%5C+from%5C+the%5C+HWE%5C+%5C%28P%EF%B9%A40.01%5C%29.%5C+No%5C+significant%5C+linkage%5C+disequilibrium%5C+was%5C+detected%5C+between%5C+locus%5C+pairs%5C+except%5C+for%5C+three%5C+locus%5C+pairs%5C%3A%5C+R%5C-299%5C+and%5C+R%5C-544%2C%5C+R%5C-166%5C+and%5C+R%5C-320%2C%5C+R%5C-111%5C+and%5C+R%5C-320.%5C+Cross%5C-species%5C+amplification%5C+in%5C+R.%5C+agastum%2C%5C+R.%5C+decorum%2C%5C+and%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+a%5C+subset%5C+of%5C+these%5C+markers%5C+holds%5C+promise%5C+for%5C+congeneric%5C+species%5C+study.4.%5C+ITS%2C%5C+matK%2C%5C+trnH%5C-psbA%5C+and%5C+rbcL%5C+sequences.%5C+R.%5C+delavayi%5C+has%5C+six%5C+sites%5C+different%5C+from%5C+that%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+decorum%5C+in%5C+its%5C+ITS%5C+region%2C%5C+whereas%5C+R.%5C+agastum%5C+reveals%5C+double%5C+peaks%5C+at%5C+the%5C+corresponding%5C+sites%5C+and%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+is%5C+identical%5C+to%5C+that%5C+of%5C+R.%5C+delavayi.%5C+The%5C+chloroplast%5C+segements%5C+show%5C+that%5C+some%5C+R.%5C+irroratum%5C+individuals%5C+share%5C+the%5C+same%5C+haplotype%5C+with%5C+R.%5C+delavayi%5C+and%5C+others%5C+share%5C+them%5C+with%5C+R.%5C+decorum."},{"jsname":"the combination of Rodgersia, Astilboides, Darmera, Oresitrophe, Bergenia, and Mukdenia by Soltis with the name of Darmera group was supported. The key taxonomic traits of leave arrangement and pubescence were not suppoted by molecular result, especially for taxa from Hengduan Mountains and Himalayas. Multiple sampled Rodgersia aesculifolia was not monophyly, samples from Hengduan Mountains (R. henrici = R. aesculifolia var. henrici) were nested with R. pinnata and R. sambucifolia, while samples from southeast Tibet (R. henrici = R. aesculifolia var. henrici) form a clade sister to the former taxa. Samples of R. aesculifolia from Qingling and Daba mountains (R. aesculifolia var. aesculifolia = Triditional R. asculifolia) are distinct with all the above. R. aesculifolia var. henrici is distinct from A. aesculifolia var. aesculifolia and is suggested be raised to spcies level again as Rosgersia henrici Franchet. Populations of R. henrici from western Yunnan are grouping with R. pinnata, natural hybridization are supposed to occur. Rodgersia podophylla from Korea and Japan is sister to Chinese Rodgersia. The furthermore study of infraspecific taxonomy of R. aesculifolia is suggested.The relict Rodgersia nepalensis from eastern Nepal branched first in the combined ITS and plastid tree, which is different from evidences of the traditional morphology and cytology. This might due to its narrow distribution disjuct from other species of Rodgersia, low level of gene flow and subsequent conserved genetic system. It may evolved by polyploidy, the spcecialized morphological character of R. nepalensis may be a strategy for ecological tolerance and self-protection. Our molecular phylogeny of Rodgersia is accordant with the former morphological and cytological evidences. Hybridization and polyploidy may play an important role in evolution and speciation in Rodgersia. Rodgersia may origin from northestern Asia and migrated into Hengduan mountains and Himalayas through Qingling and Daba mountains. Based on present molecular results, as well as original description papers and Type specimen, six species and two variaties were recognized in Rodgersia. 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