×
验证码:
换一张
忘记密码？
记住我
×
登录
中文版
|
English
中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
登录
注册
ALL
ORCID
题名
作者
学科领域
关键词
资助项目
文献类型
出处
收录类别
出版者
发表日期
存缴日期
学科门类
学习讨论厅
图片搜索
粘贴图片网址
首页
研究单元&专题
作者
文献类型
学科分类
知识图谱
新闻&公告
研究单元&专题
昆明植物所硕博研... [369]
作者
杨彦龙 [2]
夏恩华 [2]
张雁云 [2]
葛佳 [2]
刘杰 [1]
庄会富 [1]
更多...
文献类型
学位论文 [369]
发表日期
2022 [4]
2021 [7]
2020 [54]
2019 [40]
2018 [40]
2017 [38]
更多...
语种
中文 [237]
英语 [13]
出处
资助项目
GST, P < 0.05) were exhibited by this species. The SAMOVA revealed seven diverging groups of related chlorotypes, six of them had distinct nonoverlapping geographical ranges: one in the northeast comprising 10 populations, a second with a southeast distribution comprising 22 populations, and the remaning four groups comprising 15 populations located in the west part of the species’ range along different river valleys. The genetic clustering of populations into three regions was also supported by analysis of molecular variance, which showed that most genetic variation (82.43%) was found among these three regions. Two clusters were distinguished by both phylogenetic analysis and genealogical analysis of chlorotypes, one consisting of chlorotypes from the western region and the second consisting of those from the eastern region. Significant genetic differences between the two regions might be attributed to vicariance and restricted gene flow, and this vicariance could be explained by the physical environmental heterogeneity on each side of the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line. Following the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the reorganization of the major river drainages was primarily caused by river separation and capture events. These historical events could change the distribution of S. davidii from fragmented to continuous (Upper/Lower Jinshajiang and Yalongjiang/Daduhe), and from continuous to fragmented (Nujiang and Jinshajiang/Honghe). However, spatial and temporal patterns of phylogeographic divergence are strongly associated with historical disjunction rather than modern drainage connections. Moreover, the following north-south split in the eastern region and effective isolation with their genetic diversity were essentially modelled by genetic drift. The higher chlorotype richness and genetic divergence for populations in western region compared with other two regions suggests that there were multipe refugia or in situ survival of S. davidii in the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountain region. Fixation of chlorotypes in the northeastern region and near fixation in the southeastern region suggest a recent colonization of these areas. We further found that this species underwent past range expansion around 37-303 thousand years ago (kya). The southeastern populations likely experienced a demographic expansion via unidirectional gene flow along rivers, while northeastern populations underwent a more northward expansion, both from initial populations (s) (21, 22, 23) preserved on eastern refugia (Jinshajiang). This process might have been accompanied with a series of founder effects or bottlenecks making populations genetically impoverished. 3. Phylogeographic analysisbased on nuclear sequence，We sequenced the nuclear (ncpGS) region in all populations sampled, recovering 23 nuclear haplotypes. Compared to cpDNA, both NST (0.470) and GST (0.338) were relatively lower, but NST was also significantly larger than GST. 37.10% of the total variation was distributed among regions which was much lower than that shown by chlorotypes. Thus, more extensive distribution of nuclear haplotypes was exhibited across the geographical range instead of the strong population subdivision observed in chlorotypes. Similarly to the chloroplast data, we found that genetic differentiation of nDNA was positively correlated with the geographical distance, but the increase in the geographical distance between populations did not increase the genetic differentiation of nDNA as rapidly as that of cpDNA. These contrasting levels between the chloroplast and nuclear genomes of S. davidii are likely due to limited gene flow of cpDNA by seeds vs. the extensive gene flow of nDNA by wind-mediated pollen in the population history. We also determined from nuclear markers that haplotype diversity was reduced in the southeastern and northeastern regions due to the loss of rare haplotypes in western region. This reduction of gene diversity is also a signature of founder events or recent bottleneck during post-glacial colonization. However, nuclear diversity within populations remains high. This provides evidence that regionally pollen flow might be sufficiently high to blur the genetic identity of founder populations over a reasonably large spatial scale.3. Relationships among three varieties，The phylogenetic analysis identified two phylogroups of chlorotypes, corresponding to S. davidii var. davidii and var. chuansinesis. The former was distinguished by the abscence of predonminant nuclear haplotype H1 of the latter. The monophyletic group of chlorotypes in var. davidii and var. liangshanesis showed their relatively close relationship. And their genetic divergence from the third variety appears to be relative to their slight morphological difference in leaf size and the divergent environmental niche spaces they occupy. Thus, the observed differences in morphological characters between var. chuansinesis and other two varieties can be explained by the seed dispersal limitation illustrated above (as inferred by geographical separation) and by environmental heterogeneity (as inferred by precipitation or elevation) or by a combination of both. After all, the geological changes, drainage reorganization, and floristic differences following the Himalayan uplift have been suggested to affect the genetic structure of S. davidii. These results provide new insights into the phylogeographic pattern of plants in China. In addition, the unique population genetic structure found in S. davidii has provided important insights into the evolutionary history of this species. The genetic profile uncovered in this study is also critical for its conservation management. Our study has uncovered the existence of at least two ‘evolutionary significant units’ independent units within S. davidii, corresponding to var. davidii from eastern region and var. chuansinensis from western region. The conservation efforts should first focus on most western populations and on the southeastern ones exhibiting high levels of genetic diversity, while the genetically homogeneous northeastern populations located in the degraded Loess Plateau should require much greater conservation efforts.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&fq=dc.type_filter%3A%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%8D%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical%2BDiversity&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3ASophora%5C+davidii%5C+%5C%28Franch.%5C%29%5C+Skeels%5C+is%5C+an%5C+endemic%5C+species%5C+to%5C+China%2C%5C+and%5C+widely%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+the%5C+dry%5C+valleys%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Himalayan%5C-Hengduan%5C+Mountain%5C+Systems%2C%5C+the%5C+Yungui%5C+Plateau%2C%5C+the%5C+Qinling%5C+Mountain%2C%5C+the%5C+Loess%5C+Plateau%5C+and%5C+other%5C+places%5C+of%5C+China.%5C+Previous%5C+studies%5C+of%5C+plant%5C+phylogeography%5C+have%5C+focused%5C+mainly%5C+on%5C+some%5C+taxa%5C+from%5C+the%5C+mountainous%5C+areas%5C+of%5C+China%2C%5C+relatively%5C+few%5C+studies%5C+have%5C+been%5C+conducted%5C+on%5C+plant%5C+taxa%5C+from%5C+the%5C+river%5C+valleys.%5C+The%5C+population%5C+dynamics%5C+and%5C+evolutionary%5C+history%5C+of%5C+species%5C+in%5C+such%5C+habitat%5C+remain%5C+less%5C+unknown%2C%5C+including%5C+the%5C+factors%5C+affecting%5C+the%5C+population%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+and%5C+its%5C+potential%5C+refugia%5C+in%5C+glaciation.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+study%2C%5C+we%5C+first%5C+determine%5C+the%5C+chromosome%5C+number%2C%5C+ploidy%5C+and%5C+karyotype%5C+of%5C+most%5C+populations%5C+we%5C+sampled.%5C+Then%2C%5C+based%5C+on%5C+sequence%5C+data%5C+from%5C+two%5C+maternally%5C+inherited%5C+cpDNA%5C+and%5C+one%5C+biparentally%5C+inherited%5C+nuclear%5C+DNA%5C+fragments%2C%5C+our%5C+study%5C+revealed%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+and%5C+population%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+davidii%5C+and%5C+factors%5C+affecting%5C+them.%5C+The%5C+demographic%5C+history%5C+and%5C+potential%5C+refugia%5C+of%5C+this%5C+speices%5C+were%5C+investigated%5C+and%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+relationship%5C+among%5C+three%5C+varieties%5C+was%5C+also%5C+clarified.%5C+The%5C+main%5C+results%5C+are%5C+summarized%5C+as%5C+follows%5C%3A1.%5C+Cytogeography%EF%BC%8CThe%5C+chromosome%5C+number%5C+and%5C+karyotypes%5C+of%5C+14%5C+S.%5C+davidii%5C+populations%5C+have%5C+been%5C+studied.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+choromosome%5C+number%5C+of%5C+all%5C+the%5C+populations%5C+is%5C+2n%5C+%3D%5C+18.%5C+The%5C+interphase%5C+nuclei%5C+and%5C+prophase%5C+chromosomes%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species%5C+were%5C+found%5C+to%5C+be%5C+of%5C+the%5C+complex%5C+chromosome%5C+type%5C+and%5C+interstitial%5C+type.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+of%5C+karyotype%5C+analysis%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+7%5C+of%5C+14%5C+materials%5C+has%5C+satellites%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+number%5C+and%5C+position%5C+of%5C+satellites%5C+differ%5C+among%5C+populations%2C%5C+and%5C+thus%5C+revealed%5C+a%5C+series%5C+of%5C+diversified%5C+karyotypes.%5C+With%5C+most%5C+populations%5C+being%5C+of%5C+ploidy%2C%5C+cytogenetical%5C+divergence%5C+within%5C+the%5C+species%5C+lied%5C+mainly%5C+in%5C+chromosome%5C+size%5C+and%5C+structure.%5C+The%5C+fact%5C+that%5C+polyploidization%5C+did%5C+not%5C+occur%5C+very%5C+often%5C+for%5C+variations%5C+in%5C+Southwest%5C+China%5C+was%5C+against%5C+viewpoint%5C+that%5C+polyploidization%5C+level%5C+in%5C+this%5C+area%5C+is%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+that%5C+of%5C+other%5C+distribution%5C+areas%5C+due%5C+to%5C+the%5C+elevation%5C+of%5C+mountains%5C+and%5C+plateau.%5C+2.%5C+Phylogeographic%5C+analysisbased%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%5C+sequence%EF%BC%8CWe%5C+sequenced%5C+two%5C+cpDNA%5C+fragments%5C+rpl32%5C-trnL%5C%28UAG%5C%29intergenic%5C+spacer%5C+and%5C+trnH%5C-psbA%5C+spacer%5C+in%5C+40%5C+populations%5C+sampled%2C%5C+recovering%5C+22%5C+chlorotypes.%5C+The%5C+average%5C+with%5C-in%5C+population%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28hS%5C+%3D%5C+0.171%5C%29%5C+was%5C+much%5C+lower%5C+than%5C+total%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28hT%5C+%3D%5C+0.857%5C%29.%5C+Population%5C+differentiation%5C+was%5C+high%5C+%5C%28NST%5C+%3D%5C+0.924%2C%5C+GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.801%5C%29%5C+indicating%5C+low%5C+levels%5C+of%5C+seed%5C-based%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+and%5C+significant%5C+phylogeographical%5C+stucture%5C+%5C%28NST%5C+%3E%5C+GST%2C%5C+P%5C+%3C%5C+0.05%5C%29%5C+were%5C+exhibited%5C+by%5C+this%5C+species.%5C+The%5C+SAMOVA%5C+revealed%5C+seven%5C+diverging%5C+groups%5C+of%5C+related%5C+chlorotypes%2C%5C+six%5C+of%5C+them%5C+had%5C+distinct%5C+nonoverlapping%5C+geographical%5C+ranges%5C%3A%5C+one%5C+in%5C+the%5C+northeast%5C+comprising%5C+10%5C+populations%2C%5C+a%5C+second%5C+with%5C+a%5C+southeast%5C+distribution%5C+comprising%5C+22%5C+populations%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+remaning%5C+four%5C+groups%5C+comprising%5C+15%5C+populations%5C+located%5C+in%5C+the%5C+west%5C+part%5C+of%5C+the%5C+species%E2%80%99%5C+range%5C+along%5C+different%5C+river%5C+valleys.%5C+The%5C+genetic%5C+clustering%5C+of%5C+populations%5C+into%5C+three%5C+regions%5C+was%5C+also%5C+supported%5C+by%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+molecular%5C+variance%2C%5C+which%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+most%5C+genetic%5C+variation%5C+%5C%2882.43%25%5C%29%5C+was%5C+found%5C+among%5C+these%5C+three%5C+regions.%5C+Two%5C+clusters%5C+were%5C+distinguished%5C+by%5C+both%5C+phylogenetic%5C+analysis%5C+and%5C+genealogical%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+chlorotypes%2C%5C+one%5C+consisting%5C+of%5C+chlorotypes%5C+from%5C+the%5C+western%5C+region%5C+and%5C+the%5C+second%5C+consisting%5C+of%5C+those%5C+from%5C+the%5C+eastern%5C+region.%5C+Significant%5C+genetic%5C+differences%5C+between%5C+the%5C+two%5C+regions%5C+might%5C+be%5C+attributed%5C+to%5C+vicariance%5C+and%5C+restricted%5C+gene%5C+flow%2C%5C+and%5C+this%5C+vicariance%5C+could%5C+be%5C+explained%5C+by%5C+the%5C+physical%5C+environmental%5C+heterogeneity%5C+on%5C+each%5C+side%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Tanaka%5C-Kaiyong%5C+Line.%5C+Following%5C+the%5C+uplift%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Tibetan%5C+Plateau%2C%5C+the%5C+reorganization%5C+of%5C+the%5C+major%5C+river%5C+drainages%5C+was%5C+primarily%5C+caused%5C+by%5C+river%5C+separation%5C+and%5C+capture%5C+events.%5C+These%5C+historical%5C+events%5C+could%5C+change%5C+the%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+davidii%5C+from%5C+fragmented%5C+to%5C+continuous%5C+%5C%28Upper%5C%2FLower%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+and%5C+Yalongjiang%5C%2FDaduhe%5C%29%2C%5C+and%5C+from%5C+continuous%5C+to%5C+fragmented%5C+%5C%28Nujiang%5C+and%5C+Jinshajiang%5C%2FHonghe%5C%29.%5C+However%2C%5C+spatial%5C+and%5C+temporal%5C+patterns%5C+of%5C+phylogeographic%5C+divergence%5C+are%5C+strongly%5C+associated%5C+with%5C+historical%5C+disjunction%5C+rather%5C+than%5C+modern%5C+drainage%5C+connections.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+the%5C+following%5C+north%5C-south%5C+split%5C+in%5C+the%5C+eastern%5C+region%5C+and%5C+effective%5C+isolation%5C+with%5C+their%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+were%5C+essentially%5C+modelled%5C+by%5C+genetic%5C+drift.%5C+The%5C+higher%5C+chlorotype%5C+richness%5C+and%5C+genetic%5C+divergence%5C+for%5C+populations%5C+in%5C+western%5C+region%5C+compared%5C+with%5C+other%5C+two%5C+regions%5C+suggests%5C+that%5C+there%5C+were%5C+multipe%5C+refugia%5C+or%5C+in%5C+situ%5C+survival%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+davidii%5C+in%5C+the%5C+Himalayan%5C-Hengduan%5C+Mountain%5C+region.%5C+Fixation%5C+of%5C+chlorotypes%5C+in%5C+the%5C+northeastern%5C+region%5C+and%5C+near%5C+fixation%5C+in%5C+the%5C+southeastern%5C+region%5C+suggest%5C+a%5C+recent%5C+colonization%5C+of%5C+these%5C+areas.%5C+We%5C+further%5C+found%5C+that%5C+this%5C+species%5C+underwent%5C+past%5C+range%5C+expansion%5C+around%5C+37%5C-303%5C+thousand%5C+years%5C+ago%5C+%5C%28kya%5C%29.%5C+The%5C+southeastern%5C+populations%5C+likely%5C+experienced%5C+a%5C+demographic%5C+expansion%5C+via%5C+unidirectional%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+along%5C+rivers%2C%5C+while%5C+northeastern%5C+populations%5C+underwent%5C+a%5C+more%5C+northward%5C+expansion%2C%5C+both%5C+from%5C+initial%5C+populations%5C+%5C%28s%5C%29%5C+%5C%2821%2C%5C+22%2C%5C+23%5C%29%5C+preserved%5C+on%5C+eastern%5C+refugia%5C+%5C%28Jinshajiang%5C%29.%5C+This%5C+process%5C+might%5C+have%5C+been%5C+accompanied%5C+with%5C+a%5C+series%5C+of%5C+founder%5C+effects%5C+or%5C+bottlenecks%5C+making%5C+populations%5C+genetically%5C+impoverished.%5C+3.%5C+Phylogeographic%5C+analysisbased%5C+on%5C+nuclear%5C+sequence%EF%BC%8CWe%5C+sequenced%5C+the%5C+nuclear%5C+%5C%28ncpGS%5C%29%5C+region%5C+in%5C+all%5C+populations%5C+sampled%2C%5C+recovering%5C+23%5C+nuclear%5C+haplotypes.%5C+Compared%5C+to%5C+cpDNA%2C%5C+both%5C+NST%5C+%5C%280.470%5C%29%5C+and%5C+GST%5C+%5C%280.338%5C%29%5C+were%5C+relatively%5C+lower%2C%5C+but%5C+NST%5C+was%5C+also%5C+significantly%5C+larger%5C+than%5C+GST.%5C+37.10%25%5C+of%5C+the%5C+total%5C+variation%5C+was%5C+distributed%5C+among%5C+regions%5C+which%5C+was%5C+much%5C+lower%5C+than%5C+that%5C+shown%5C+by%5C+chlorotypes.%5C+Thus%2C%5C+more%5C+extensive%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+nuclear%5C+haplotypes%5C+was%5C+exhibited%5C+across%5C+the%5C+geographical%5C+range%5C+instead%5C+of%5C+the%5C+strong%5C+population%5C+subdivision%5C+observed%5C+in%5C+chlorotypes.%5C+Similarly%5C+to%5C+the%5C+chloroplast%5C+data%2C%5C+we%5C+found%5C+that%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+of%5C+nDNA%5C+was%5C+positively%5C+correlated%5C+with%5C+the%5C+geographical%5C+distance%2C%5C+but%5C+the%5C+increase%5C+in%5C+the%5C+geographical%5C+distance%5C+between%5C+populations%5C+did%5C+not%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+of%5C+nDNA%5C+as%5C+rapidly%5C+as%5C+that%5C+of%5C+cpDNA.%5C+These%5C+contrasting%5C+levels%5C+between%5C+the%5C+chloroplast%5C+and%5C+nuclear%5C+genomes%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+davidii%5C+are%5C+likely%5C+due%5C+to%5C+limited%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+of%5C+cpDNA%5C+by%5C+seeds%5C+vs.%5C+the%5C+extensive%5C+gene%5C+flow%5C+of%5C+nDNA%5C+by%5C+wind%5C-mediated%5C+pollen%5C+in%5C+the%5C+population%5C+history.%5C+We%5C+also%5C+determined%5C+from%5C+nuclear%5C+markers%5C+that%5C+haplotype%5C+diversity%5C+was%5C+reduced%5C+in%5C+the%5C+southeastern%5C+and%5C+northeastern%5C+regions%5C+due%5C+to%5C+the%5C+loss%5C+of%5C+rare%5C+haplotypes%5C+in%5C+western%5C+region.%5C+This%5C+reduction%5C+of%5C+gene%5C+diversity%5C+is%5C+also%5C+a%5C+signature%5C+of%5C+founder%5C+events%5C+or%5C+recent%5C+bottleneck%5C+during%5C+post%5C-glacial%5C+colonization.%5C+However%2C%5C+nuclear%5C+diversity%5C+within%5C+populations%5C+remains%5C+high.%5C+This%5C+provides%5C+evidence%5C+that%5C+regionally%5C+pollen%5C+flow%5C+might%5C+be%5C+sufficiently%5C+high%5C+to%5C+blur%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+identity%5C+of%5C+founder%5C+populations%5C+over%5C+a%5C+reasonably%5C+large%5C+spatial%5C+scale.3.%5C+Relationships%5C+among%5C+three%5C+varieties%EF%BC%8CThe%5C+phylogenetic%5C+analysis%5C+identified%5C+two%5C+phylogroups%5C+of%5C+chlorotypes%2C%5C+corresponding%5C+to%5C+S.%5C+davidii%5C+var.%5C+davidii%5C+and%5C+var.%5C+chuansinesis.%5C+The%5C+former%5C+was%5C+distinguished%5C+by%5C+the%5C+abscence%5C+of%5C+predonminant%5C+nuclear%5C+haplotype%5C+H1%5C+of%5C+the%5C+latter.%5C+The%5C+monophyletic%5C+group%5C+of%5C+chlorotypes%5C+in%5C+var.%5C+davidii%5C+and%5C+var.%5C+liangshanesis%5C+showed%5C+their%5C+relatively%5C+close%5C+relationship.%5C+And%5C+their%5C+genetic%5C+divergence%5C+from%5C+the%5C+third%5C+variety%5C+appears%5C+to%5C+be%5C+relative%5C+to%5C+their%5C+slight%5C+morphological%5C+difference%5C+in%5C+leaf%5C+size%5C+and%5C+the%5C+divergent%5C+environmental%5C+niche%5C+spaces%5C+they%5C+occupy.%5C+Thus%2C%5C+the%5C+observed%5C+differences%5C+in%5C+morphological%5C+characters%5C+between%5C+var.%5C+chuansinesis%5C+and%5C+other%5C+two%5C+varieties%5C+can%5C+be%5C+explained%5C+by%5C+the%5C+seed%5C+dispersal%5C+limitation%5C+illustrated%5C+above%5C+%5C%28as%5C+inferred%5C+by%5C+geographical%5C+separation%5C%29%5C+and%5C+by%5C+environmental%5C+heterogeneity%5C+%5C%28as%5C+inferred%5C+by%5C+precipitation%5C+or%5C+elevation%5C%29%5C+or%5C+by%5C+a%5C+combination%5C+of%5C+both.%5C+After%5C+all%2C%5C+the%5C+geological%5C+changes%2C%5C+drainage%5C+reorganization%2C%5C+and%5C+floristic%5C+differences%5C+following%5C+the%5C+Himalayan%5C+uplift%5C+have%5C+been%5C+suggested%5C+to%5C+affect%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+S.%5C+davidii.%5C+These%5C+results%5C+provide%5C+new%5C+insights%5C+into%5C+the%5C+phylogeographic%5C+pattern%5C+of%5C+plants%5C+in%5C+China.%5C+In%5C+addition%2C%5C+the%5C+unique%5C+population%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+found%5C+in%5C+S.%5C+davidii%5C+has%5C+provided%5C+important%5C+insights%5C+into%5C+the%5C+evolutionary%5C+history%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species.%5C+The%5C+genetic%5C+profile%5C+uncovered%5C+in%5C+this%5C+study%5C+is%5C+also%5C+critical%5C+for%5C+its%5C+conservation%5C+management.%5C+Our%5C+study%5C+has%5C+uncovered%5C+the%5C+existence%5C+of%5C+at%5C+least%5C+two%5C+%E2%80%98evolutionary%5C+significant%5C+units%E2%80%99%5C+independent%5C+units%5C+within%5C+S.%5C+davidii%2C%5C+corresponding%5C+to%5C+var.%5C+davidii%5C+from%5C+eastern%5C+region%5C+and%5C+var.%5C+chuansinensis%5C+from%5C+western%5C+region.%5C+The%5C+conservation%5C+efforts%5C+should%5C+first%5C+focus%5C+on%5C+most%5C+western%5C+populations%5C+and%5C+on%5C+the%5C+southeastern%5C+ones%5C+exhibiting%5C+high%5C+levels%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%2C%5C+while%5C+the%5C+genetically%5C+homogeneous%5C+northeastern%5C+populations%5C+located%5C+in%5C+the%5C+degraded%5C+Loess%5C+Plateau%5C+should%5C+require%5C+much%5C+greater%5C+conservation%5C+efforts."},{"jsname":"The origin center and diversity center of the genus Ligularia were considered to be central China and Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) of China, respectively. In this research, we studied the phylogeographic pattern of L. hodgsonii and L. tongolensis, which was distributed in the origin center and diversity center, respectively. We aimed to infer the evolutionary process of Ligularia species. 1. The phylogeography of L. hodgsonii，Here, we investigated the phylogeographic history of L. hodgsonii disjunctively distributed in China and Japan. Two hundred and eighty individuals were collected from 29 natural populations, 23 located in China and 6 in Japan. A total of 19 haplotypes were identified with the combination of three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences variations (trnQ-5’rps16, trnL-rpl32 and psbA-trnH). At the species level, a high level of haplotype diversity (Hd) and total genetic diversity (HT) was detected. However, the average intrapopulation diversity (HS) was very low. Consequently, the population differentiation(NST = 0.989, GST = 0.933 ) was pronounced with a significant phylogeographic structure (NST > GST, p < 0.01). At the regional level, Chinese and Japanese L. hodgsonii had a similar estimate of genetic diversity (China: Hd = 0.847, HT = 0.869; Japan: Hd = 0.766, HT = 0.867). Populations from China and Japan possess unique sets of haplotypes, and no haplotypes were shared between the regions. Furthermore, both the phyloegenetic and network analyses recovered the haplotypes of China and Japan as two distinct clades. Thus, we suggested the disjunct distribution of L. hodgsonii in China and Japan may present the climatic vicariant relicts of the ancient widely distributed populations. After divergence, this species within each region experienced independent evolutionary process. In China, L. hodgsonii was distributed around the Sichuan Basin. This distribution range can be divided into five regions. They were Jiajin Mountain region, E’mei Mountain region, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, Wushan-Wuling Mountain region and Qinling Mountain region. Twelve haplotypes were indentified within these regions. Each region had its own specific haplotypes, which had different ancestry in the network. We deduced that Chinese L. hodgsonii might survive the LGM in multiple isolated refugia around the Sichuan Basin. In Japan, L. hodgsonii was disjunctively distributed in northern Honshu and Hokkaido. Seven haplotypes were identified within this region. However, the genetic diversity in Honshu (Hd = 0.821) was much higher than that in Hokkaido (Hd = 0.513). And all haplotypes in Hokkaido were derived from Honshu. This haplotype distribution suggested that the northern Honshu could have served as refuge in Japan. Nested clade analysis (NCA) indicated multiple forces including the vicariance and long-distance dispersal affected the disjunctive distribution among populations of L. hodgsonii in Japan.2. The phylogeography of L. tongolensis，Ligularia tongolensis was distributed along the Jinshajiang watershed, Yalongjiang watershed and Wumeng Mountain. In order to deduce the demographic history of this species, we sequenced two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic spacers (trnQ-5’rps16, trnL-rpl32) in 140 individuals from 14 populations of three groups (Jinshajiang vs. Yalongjiang vs. Wumeng) within this species range. High levels of haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.814) and total genetic diversity (HT = 0.862) were detected at the species level, based on a total oftwelve haplotypes identified. However, the intrapopulation diversity (HS = 0.349) was low, which led to the high levels of genetic divergence (GST = 0.595, NST = 0.614, FST = 0.597). In consideration of the speciation of L. tongolensis resulting from the uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), we thought the present genetic structure of L. tongolensis was shaped by the fragmentation of ancestral populations during the courses of QTP uplifts. This was further supported by the absence of IBD tests (r = –0.291, p = 0.964), which suggest that the differentiation had not occurred in accordance with the isolation by distance model. The genetic differentiation in L. tongolensis appears to be associated with historical events. Meanwhile, H2 and H5, the dominant haplotypes that located on internal nodes and deviated from extinct ancestral haplotype in the network, were detected to be shared between Jinshajiang and Yalongjiang groups. We deduced that ancestral populations of this species might have had a continuous distribution range, which was then fragmented and isolated by the following tectonic events. Finally, the ancestral polymorphism, H2 and H5, were randomly allocated in Jinshajiang watershed and Yalongjiang watershed. Meanwhile, H5 was the dominant haplotype in Jinshajiang watershed; H7 was the domiant haplotype in Yalongjiang watershed and Wumeng Mountain. This haplotype distribution pattern indicated that each group might have served as a refuge for L. tongolensis during the Quaternary Glaciation. Postglacial demographic expansion was supported by unimodal mismatch distribution and star-like phylogenies, with expansion ages of 274 ka B. P. for this species","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&fq=dc.type_filter%3A%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%8D%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical%2BDiversity&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+origin%5C+center%5C+and%5C+diversity%5C+center%5C+of%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Ligularia%5C+were%5C+considered%5C+to%5C+be%5C+central%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Hengduan%5C+Mountains%5C+Region%5C+%5C%28HMR%5C%29%5C+of%5C+China%2C%5C+respectively.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+research%2C%5C+we%5C+studied%5C+the%5C+phylogeographic%5C+pattern%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+and%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%2C%5C+which%5C+was%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+the%5C+origin%5C+center%5C+and%5C+diversity%5C+center%2C%5C+respectively.%5C+We%5C+aimed%5C+to%5C+infer%5C+the%5C+evolutionary%5C+process%5C+of%5C+Ligularia%5C+species.%5C+1.%5C+The%5C+phylogeography%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%EF%BC%8CHere%2C%5C+we%5C+investigated%5C+the%5C+phylogeographic%5C+history%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+disjunctively%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Japan.%5C+Two%5C+hundred%5C+and%5C+eighty%5C+individuals%5C+were%5C+collected%5C+from%5C+29%5C+natural%5C+populations%2C%5C+23%5C+located%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+6%5C+in%5C+Japan.%5C+A%5C+total%5C+of%5C+19%5C+haplotypes%5C+were%5C+identified%5C+with%5C+the%5C+combination%5C+of%5C+three%5C+chloroplast%5C+DNA%5C+%5C%28cpDNA%5C%29%5C+sequences%5C+variations%5C+%5C%28trnQ%5C-5%E2%80%99rps16%2C%5C+trnL%5C-rpl32%5C+and%5C+psbA%5C-trnH%5C%29.%5C+At%5C+the%5C+species%5C+level%2C%5C+a%5C+high%5C+level%5C+of%5C+haplotype%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28Hd%5C%29%5C+and%C2%A0total%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HT%5C%29%5C+was%5C+detected.%5C+However%2C%5C+the%5C+average%5C+intrapopulation%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HS%5C%29%5C+was%5C+very%5C+low.%5C+Consequently%2C%5C+the%5C+population%5C+differentiation%5C%28NST%5C+%3D%5C+0.989%2C%5C+GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.933%5C+%5C%29%5C+was%5C+pronounced%5C+with%5C+a%5C+significant%5C+phylogeographic%5C+structure%5C+%5C%28NST%5C+%3E%5C+GST%2C%5C+p%5C+%3C%5C+0.01%5C%29.%5C+At%5C+the%5C+regional%5C+level%2C%5C+Chinese%5C+and%5C+Japanese%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+had%5C+a%5C+similar%5C+estimate%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28China%5C%3A%5C+Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.847%2C%5C+HT%5C+%3D%5C+0.869%5C%3B%5C+Japan%5C%3A%5C+Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.766%2C%5C+HT%5C+%3D%5C+0.867%5C%29.%5C+Populations%5C+from%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Japan%5C+possess%5C+unique%5C+sets%5C+of%5C+haplotypes%2C%5C+and%5C+no%5C+haplotypes%5C+were%5C+shared%5C+between%5C+the%5C+regions.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+both%5C+the%5C+phyloegenetic%5C+and%5C+network%5C+analyses%5C+recovered%5C+the%5C+haplotypes%5C+of%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Japan%5C+as%5C+two%5C+distinct%5C+clades.%5C+Thus%2C%5C+we%5C+suggested%5C+the%5C+disjunct%5C+distribution%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+in%5C+China%5C+and%5C+Japan%5C+may%5C+present%5C+the%5C+climatic%5C+vicariant%5C+relicts%5C+of%5C+the%5C+ancient%5C+widely%5C+distributed%5C+populations.%5C+After%5C+divergence%2C%5C+this%5C+species%5C+within%5C+each%5C+region%5C+experienced%5C+independent%5C+evolutionary%5C+process.%5C+In%5C+China%2C%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+was%5C+distributed%5C+around%5C+the%5C+Sichuan%5C+Basin.%5C+This%5C+distribution%5C+range%5C+can%5C+be%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+five%5C+regions.%5C+They%5C+were%5C+Jiajin%5C+Mountain%5C+region%2C%5C+E%E2%80%99mei%5C+Mountain%5C+region%2C%5C+Yunnan%5C-Guizhou%5C+Plateau%5C+region%2C%5C+Wushan%5C-Wuling%5C+Mountain%5C+region%5C+and%5C+Qinling%5C+Mountain%5C+region.%5C+Twelve%5C+haplotypes%5C+were%5C+indentified%5C+within%5C+these%5C+regions.%5C+Each%5C+region%5C+had%5C+its%5C+own%5C+specific%5C+haplotypes%2C%5C+which%5C+had%5C+different%5C+ancestry%5C+in%5C+the%5C+network.%5C+We%5C+deduced%5C+that%5C+Chinese%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+might%5C+survive%5C+the%5C+LGM%5C+in%5C+multiple%5C+isolated%5C+refugia%5C+around%5C+the%5C+Sichuan%5C+Basin.%5C+In%5C+Japan%2C%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+was%5C+disjunctively%5C+distributed%5C+in%5C+northern%5C+Honshu%5C+and%5C+Hokkaido.%5C+Seven%5C+haplotypes%5C+were%5C+identified%5C+within%5C+this%5C+region.%5C+However%2C%5C+the%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+in%5C+Honshu%5C+%5C%28Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.821%5C%29%5C+was%5C+much%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+that%5C+in%5C+Hokkaido%5C+%5C%28Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.513%5C%29.%5C+And%5C+all%5C+haplotypes%5C+in%5C+Hokkaido%5C+were%5C+derived%5C+from%5C+Honshu.%5C+This%5C+haplotype%5C+distribution%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+the%5C+northern%5C+Honshu%5C+could%5C+have%5C+served%5C+as%5C+refuge%5C+in%5C+Japan.%5C+Nested%5C+clade%5C+analysis%5C+%5C%28NCA%5C%29%5C+indicated%5C+multiple%5C+forces%5C+including%5C+the%5C+vicariance%5C+and%5C+long%5C-distance%5C+dispersal%5C+affected%5C+the%5C+disjunctive%5C+distribution%5C+among%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+hodgsonii%5C+in%5C+Japan.2.%5C+The%5C+phylogeography%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%EF%BC%8CLigularia%5C+tongolensis%5C+was%5C+distributed%5C+along%5C+the%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+watershed%2C%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+watershed%5C+and%5C+Wumeng%5C+Mountain.%5C+In%5C+order%5C+to%5C+deduce%5C+the%5C+demographic%5C+history%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%2C%5C+we%5C+sequenced%5C+two%5C+chloroplast%5C+DNA%5C+%5C%28cpDNA%5C%29%5C+intergenic%5C+spacers%5C+%5C%28trnQ%5C-5%E2%80%99rps16%2C%5C+trnL%5C-rpl32%5C%29%5C+in%5C+140%5C+individuals%5C+from%5C+14%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+three%5C+groups%5C+%5C%28Jinshajiang%5C+vs.%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+vs.%5C+Wumeng%5C%29%5C+within%5C+this%5C+species%5C+range.%5C+High%5C+levels%5C+of%5C+haplotype%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28Hd%5C+%3D%5C+0.814%5C%29%5C+and%5C+total%5C+genetic%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HT%5C+%3D%5C+0.862%5C%29%5C+were%5C+detected%5C+at%5C+the%5C+species%5C+level%2C%5C+based%5C+on%5C+a%5C+total%5C+oftwelve%5C+haplotypes%5C+identified.%5C+However%2C%5C+the%5C+intrapopulation%5C+diversity%5C+%5C%28HS%5C+%3D%5C+0.349%5C%29%5C+was%5C+low%2C%5C+which%5C+led%5C+to%5C+the%5C+high%5C+levels%5C+of%5C+genetic%5C+divergence%5C+%5C%28GST%5C+%3D%5C+0.595%2C%5C+NST%5C+%3D%5C+0.614%2C%5C+FST%5C+%3D%5C+0.597%5C%29.%5C+In%5C+consideration%5C+of%5C+the%5C+speciation%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+resulting%5C+from%5C+the%5C+uplifts%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Qinghai%5C-Tibetan%5C+Plateau%5C+%5C%28QTP%5C%29%2C%5C+we%5C+thought%5C+the%5C+present%5C+genetic%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+was%5C+shaped%5C+by%5C+the%5C+fragmentation%5C+of%5C+ancestral%5C+populations%5C+during%5C+the%5C+courses%5C+of%5C+QTP%5C+uplifts.%5C+This%5C+was%5C+further%5C+supported%5C+by%5C+the%5C+absence%5C+of%5C+IBD%5C+tests%5C+%5C%28r%5C+%3D%5C+%E2%80%930.291%2C%5C+p%5C+%3D%5C+0.964%5C%29%2C%5C+which%5C+suggest%5C+that%5C+the%5C+differentiation%5C+had%5C+not%5C+occurred%5C+in%5C+accordance%5C+with%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+by%5C+distance%5C+model.%5C+The%5C+genetic%5C+differentiation%5C+in%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+appears%5C+to%5C+be%5C+associated%5C+with%5C+historical%5C+events.%5C+Meanwhile%2C%5C+H2%5C+and%5C+H5%2C%5C+the%5C+dominant%5C+haplotypes%5C+that%5C+located%5C+on%5C+internal%5C+nodes%5C+and%5C+deviated%5C+from%5C+extinct%5C+ancestral%5C+haplotype%5C+in%5C+the%5C+network%2C%5C+were%5C+detected%5C+to%5C+be%5C+shared%5C+between%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+and%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+groups.%5C+We%5C+deduced%5C+that%5C+ancestral%5C+populations%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species%5C+might%5C+have%5C+had%5C+a%5C+continuous%5C+distribution%5C+range%2C%5C+which%5C+was%5C+then%5C+fragmented%5C+and%5C+isolated%5C+by%5C+the%5C+following%5C+tectonic%5C+events.%5C+Finally%2C%5C+the%5C+ancestral%5C+polymorphism%2C%5C+H2%5C+and%5C+H5%2C%5C+were%5C+randomly%5C+allocated%5C+in%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+watershed%5C+and%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+watershed.%5C+Meanwhile%2C%5C+H5%5C+was%5C+the%5C+dominant%5C+haplotype%5C+in%5C+Jinshajiang%5C+watershed%5C%3B%5C+H7%5C+was%5C+the%5C+domiant%5C+haplotype%5C+in%5C+Yalongjiang%5C+watershed%5C+and%5C+Wumeng%5C+Mountain.%5C+This%5C+haplotype%5C+distribution%5C+pattern%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+each%5C+group%5C+might%5C+have%5C+served%5C+as%5C+a%5C+refuge%5C+for%5C+L.%5C+tongolensis%5C+during%5C+the%5C+Quaternary%5C+Glaciation.%5C+Postglacial%5C+demographic%5C+expansion%5C+was%5C+supported%5C+by%5C+unimodal%5C+mismatch%5C+distribution%5C+and%5C+star%5C-like%5C+phylogenies%2C%5C+with%5C+expansion%5C+ages%5C+of%5C+274%5C+ka%5C+B.%5C+P.%5C+for%5C+this%5C+species"},{"jsname":"The relationship between leaf physiognomy and climate is widely used to reconstruct paleoclimates of Cenozoic floras. Previous works demonstrate that LMA show regional constraints. Until now, no equation has been set up directly from Chinese forests. This relationship is exhaustively studied based on 50 samples from mesic to humid forests across China. Models including Leaf Margin Analysis (LMA), Single Linear regression for Precipitation, and Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP), are set up and used to quantitatively reconstruct paleoclimates of Chinese Neogene floras. Meanwhile, a paleoflora, i.e., Yangjie flora, which belongs to the Upper Pliocene Sanying formation in West Yunnan Province, is studied. The species assemblage, paleoclimate and paleoecology of Yangjie flora are discussed. Conclusions in this dissertation are as following: 1. Chinese leaf physiognomy-climate models based on regression analyses，LMA is a widely used method that applies present-day linear correlation between the proportion of woody dicotyledonous species with untoothed leaves (P) and mean annual temperature (MAT) to estimate paleotemperatures from fossil leaf floras. The Chinese data indicate that P shows a strong linear correlation with MAT, but the actual relationship is slightly different from those recognized from other regions. Among all currently used LMA equations, the one resulting from North and Central American and Japanese data, rather than the widely used East Asian LMA equation, yields the closest values to the actual MATs of the Chinese samples (mean absolute error = 1.9°C). A new equation derived from the Chinese forests is therefore developed, where MAT = 1.038 + 27.6 × P. This study not only demonstrates the similarity of the relationship between P and MAT in the Northern Hemisphere, but also improves the reliability of LMA for paleoclimate reconstructions of Chinese paleofloras. Besides, regression analyses are used to explore the relationship between leaf physiognomy and precipitation. In contrast to former studies, entire leaf margin shows the highest correlation with the Growing Season Precipitation (GSP). A new equation is proposed: GSP = 228.0 + 1707.0 × P. 2. The new calibrated CLAMP dataset – PHYSGCHINA，CLAMP, which is based on canonical correspondence analysis, is improved by the inclusion of 50 Chinese samples. The result indicates that, new calibrated data from 50 Chinese sample sites are situated away from the former 144 samples in the physiognomic space, which may be caused by the unique characters of leaf physiognomy under monsoon condition. Therefore, a new calibrated CLAMP dataset, i.e., PHYSGCHINA, is set up based on 50 new Chinese samples, and 144 former samples from PHYSG3BRC. This new dataset could improve the accuracy of paleoclimate reconstructions for floras under the monsoon climate condition. When it is applied to Chinese Neogene floras, PHYSGCHINA could improve the accuracy of paleoclimate parameters, especially parameters related to precipitation. 3. Paleoclimate reconstructions of Chinese Cenozoic floras，Paleoclimates of Chinese Cenozoic floras are reconstructed using leaf physiognomy- climate models being set up in this study. The Chinese paleoclimate history in Eocene is similar to the trend from worldwide record. That is, hot climate presented in early Eocene and early Middle Eocene, and then, climate cooled down from late Middle Eocene to Late Eocene in China. Moreover, paleoclimates of two Late Miocene floras from Yunnan province, i.e., Xiaolongtan flora and Bangmai flora, are reconstructed using different models. The results indicate that, temperature of Yunnan is slightly higher than that in nowadays, but the precipitation is much higher than that at present day, which may be caused by the uplift of Hengduan Mountain. 4. Late Pliocene Yangjie flora in West Yunnan Province, China，A Late Pliocene Yangjie flora form Yongping County, western Yunnan province, which belongs to Sanying formation, is studied in this dissertation. Yangjie flora is dominated by Quercus sect. Heterobalanus (Oerst.) Menits. (evergreen sclerophyllous oaks), and this forest type is quite common in SW China at present. The discovery of Yangjie flora provides evidence that, vegetations of Yunnan in Miocene were dominated by evergreen forests, and the dominant families were Fabaceae, Fagaceae and Lauraceae. In Pliocene, this vegetation type changed gradually to evergreen sclerophyllous oak forests. This vegetation change may have been caused by the uplift of Hengduan Mountain in Neogene. A polypodiaceous fern, Drynaria callispora sp. nov., is described from the upper Pliocene Sanying Formation in western Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The species with well-preserved pinnae and in situ spores is the first convincing Drynaria fossil record. Detailed morphological investigation reveals that D. callispora is characterized by 1) pinnatifid fronds with entire-margined pinnae having straight or zigzag secondary veins; 2) finer venation showing void quadrangular areoles, but occasionally with one unbranched veinlet; 3) one row of circular sori on each side of the strong primary vein; and 4) in situ spores with verrucate exospores elliptical in polar view and bean-shaped in equatorial view. A morphological comparison shows that D. callispora is significantly different from all the fossil species previously identified as drynarioids. A phylogenetic analysis of D. callispora supports that the fossil is closely related to D. sinica Diels and D. mollis Bedd., two extant species distributing in the Himalayas. The discovery of the new fern indicates that the genus Drynaria became diversified in its modern distribution region no later than the late Pliocene and had retained the similar ecology to that of many modern drynarioid ferns ever since. 5. Paleoclimate reconstruction of Yangjie flora，LMA, Single Linear Regression for Precipitation and PHYSGCHINA are applied to reconstruct paleoclimate of Yangjie flora. MAT calculated by LMA and CLAMP is 22.0 ± 2.4°C and 20.0 ± 1.4°C, respectively, and GSP calculated by Single Linear Regression for Precipitation and PHYSGCHINA is 1521.9 ± 131.3 mm and 2084.7 ± 223.1 mm, respectively All methods agree that, both temperature and precipitation were higher in Late Pliocene than in nowadays. Meanwhile, precipitation parameters calculated by CLAMP gets high values. 6. Preliminary study of insect herbivory in Yangjie flora，Insect herbivory on leaves of Quercus preguyavaefolia Tao and Q. presenescens Zhou, two dominant species in Yangjie flora, is reported by the preliminary research. Each of these two species has a high diversity of insect damage. Among all damage types, margin feeding and surface feeding are most common, and skeletonization, piercing and sucking, and galling are less found. Most of these damage types belonge to the high host specialization (HS = 1). However, the proportion of leaves without insect damage in Q. presenescens is much higher than that in Q. preguyavaefolia. According to the log-log linear regression model, both Quercus preguyavaefolia and Q. presenescens have very high leaf mass per area (with 184.8 ± 6.7 g/m2 and 155.3 ± 10.7 g/m2, respectively). The high diversity of insect herbivory demonstrates a warm climate in the Late Pliocene of West Yunnan Province.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&fq=dc.type_filter%3A%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%8D%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical%2BDiversity&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+leaf%5C+physiognomy%5C+and%5C+climate%5C+is%5C+widely%5C+used%5C+to%5C+reconstruct%5C+paleoclimates%5C+of%5C+Cenozoic%5C+floras.%5C+Previous%5C+works%5C+demonstrate%5C+that%5C+LMA%5C+show%5C+regional%5C+constraints.%5C+Until%5C+now%2C%5C+no%5C+equation%5C+has%5C+been%5C+set%5C+up%5C+directly%5C+from%5C+Chinese%5C+forests.%5C+This%5C+relationship%5C+is%5C+exhaustively%5C+studied%5C+based%5C+on%5C+50%5C+samples%5C+from%5C+mesic%5C+to%5C+humid%5C+forests%5C+across%5C+China.%5C+Models%5C+including%5C+Leaf%5C+Margin%5C+Analysis%5C+%5C%28LMA%5C%29%2C%5C+Single%5C+Linear%5C+regression%5C+for%5C+Precipitation%2C%5C+and%5C+Climate%5C+Leaf%5C+Analysis%5C+Multivariate%5C+Program%5C+%5C%28CLAMP%5C%29%2C%5C+are%5C+set%5C+up%5C+and%5C+used%5C+to%5C+quantitatively%5C+reconstruct%5C+paleoclimates%5C+of%5C+Chinese%5C+Neogene%5C+floras.%5C+Meanwhile%2C%5C+a%5C+paleoflora%2C%5C+i.e.%2C%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora%2C%5C+which%5C+belongs%5C+to%5C+the%5C+Upper%5C+Pliocene%5C+Sanying%5C+formation%5C+in%5C+West%5C+Yunnan%5C+Province%2C%5C+is%5C+studied.%5C+The%5C+species%5C+assemblage%2C%5C+paleoclimate%5C+and%5C+paleoecology%5C+of%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora%5C+are%5C+discussed.%5C+Conclusions%5C+in%5C+this%5C+dissertation%5C+are%5C+as%5C+following%5C%3A%5C+1.%5C+Chinese%5C+leaf%5C+physiognomy%5C-climate%5C+models%5C+based%5C+on%5C+regression%5C+analyses%EF%BC%8CLMA%5C+is%5C+a%5C+widely%5C+used%5C+method%5C+that%5C+applies%5C+present%5C-day%5C+linear%5C+correlation%5C+between%5C+the%5C+proportion%5C+of%5C+woody%5C+dicotyledonous%5C+species%5C+with%5C+untoothed%5C+leaves%5C+%5C%28P%5C%29%5C+and%5C+mean%5C+annual%5C+temperature%5C+%5C%28MAT%5C%29%5C+to%5C+estimate%5C+paleotemperatures%5C+from%5C+fossil%5C+leaf%5C+floras.%5C+The%5C+Chinese%5C+data%5C+indicate%5C+that%5C+P%5C+shows%5C+a%5C+strong%5C+linear%5C+correlation%5C+with%5C+MAT%2C%5C+but%5C+the%5C+actual%5C+relationship%5C+is%5C+slightly%5C+different%5C+from%5C+those%5C+recognized%5C+from%5C+other%5C+regions.%5C+Among%5C+all%5C+currently%5C+used%5C+LMA%5C+equations%2C%5C+the%5C+one%5C+resulting%5C+from%5C+North%5C+and%5C+Central%5C+American%5C+and%5C+Japanese%5C+data%2C%5C+rather%5C+than%5C+the%5C+widely%5C+used%5C+East%5C+Asian%5C+LMA%5C+equation%2C%5C+yields%5C+the%5C+closest%5C+values%5C+to%5C+the%5C+actual%5C+MATs%5C+of%5C+the%5C+Chinese%5C+samples%5C+%5C%28mean%5C+absolute%5C+error%5C+%3D%5C+1.9%C2%B0C%5C%29.%5C+A%5C+new%5C+equation%5C+derived%5C+from%5C+the%5C+Chinese%5C+forests%5C+is%5C+therefore%5C+developed%2C%5C+where%5C+MAT%5C+%3D%5C+1.038%5C+%5C%2B%5C+27.6%5C+%C3%97%5C+P.%5C+This%5C+study%5C+not%5C+only%5C+demonstrates%5C+the%5C+similarity%5C+of%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+P%5C+and%5C+MAT%5C+in%5C+the%5C+Northern%5C+Hemisphere%2C%5C+but%5C+also%5C+improves%5C+the%5C+reliability%5C+of%5C+LMA%5C+for%5C+paleoclimate%5C+reconstructions%5C+of%5C+Chinese%5C+paleofloras.%5C+Besides%2C%5C+regression%5C+analyses%5C+are%5C+used%5C+to%5C+explore%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+leaf%5C+physiognomy%5C+and%5C+precipitation.%5C+In%5C+contrast%5C+to%5C+former%5C+studies%2C%5C+entire%5C+leaf%5C+margin%5C+shows%5C+the%5C+highest%5C+correlation%5C+with%5C+the%5C+Growing%5C+Season%5C+Precipitation%5C+%5C%28GSP%5C%29.%5C+A%5C+new%5C+equation%5C+is%5C+proposed%5C%3A%5C+GSP%5C+%3D%5C+228.0%5C+%5C%2B%5C+1707.0%5C+%C3%97%5C+P.%5C+2.%5C+The%5C+new%5C+calibrated%5C+CLAMP%5C+dataset%5C+%E2%80%93%5C+PHYSGCHINA%EF%BC%8CCLAMP%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+based%5C+on%5C+canonical%5C+correspondence%5C+analysis%2C%5C+is%5C+improved%5C+by%5C+the%5C+inclusion%5C+of%5C+50%5C+Chinese%5C+samples.%5C+The%5C+result%5C+indicates%5C+that%2C%5C+new%5C+calibrated%5C+data%5C+from%5C+50%5C+Chinese%5C+sample%5C+sites%5C+are%5C+situated%5C+away%5C+from%5C+the%5C+former%5C+144%5C+samples%5C+in%5C+the%5C+physiognomic%5C+space%2C%5C+which%5C+may%5C+be%5C+caused%5C+by%5C+the%5C+unique%5C+characters%5C+of%5C+leaf%5C+physiognomy%5C+under%5C+monsoon%5C+condition.%5C+Therefore%2C%5C+a%5C+new%5C+calibrated%5C+CLAMP%5C+dataset%2C%5C+i.e.%2C%5C+PHYSGCHINA%2C%5C+is%5C+set%5C+up%5C+based%5C+on%5C+50%5C+new%5C+Chinese%5C+samples%2C%5C+and%5C+144%5C+former%5C+samples%5C+from%5C+PHYSG3BRC.%5C+This%5C+new%5C+dataset%5C+could%5C+improve%5C+the%5C+accuracy%5C+of%5C+paleoclimate%5C+reconstructions%5C+for%5C+floras%5C+under%5C+the%5C+monsoon%5C+climate%5C+condition.%5C+When%5C+it%5C+is%5C+applied%5C+to%5C+Chinese%5C+Neogene%5C+floras%2C%5C+PHYSGCHINA%5C+could%5C+improve%5C+the%5C+accuracy%5C+of%5C+paleoclimate%5C+parameters%2C%5C+especially%5C+parameters%5C+related%5C+to%5C+precipitation.%5C+3.%5C+Paleoclimate%5C+reconstructions%5C+of%5C+Chinese%5C+Cenozoic%5C+floras%EF%BC%8CPaleoclimates%5C+of%5C+Chinese%5C+Cenozoic%5C+floras%5C+are%5C+reconstructed%5C+using%5C+leaf%5C+physiognomy%5C-%5C+climate%5C+models%5C+being%5C+set%5C+up%5C+in%5C+this%5C+study.%5C+The%5C+Chinese%5C+paleoclimate%5C+history%5C+in%5C+Eocene%5C+is%5C+similar%5C+to%5C+the%5C+trend%5C+from%5C+worldwide%5C+record.%5C+That%5C+is%2C%5C+hot%5C+climate%5C+presented%5C+in%5C+early%5C+Eocene%5C+and%5C+early%5C+Middle%5C+Eocene%2C%5C+and%5C+then%2C%5C+climate%5C+cooled%5C+down%5C+from%5C+late%5C+Middle%5C+Eocene%5C+to%5C+Late%5C+Eocene%5C+in%5C+China.%5C+Moreover%2C%5C+paleoclimates%5C+of%5C+two%5C+Late%5C+Miocene%5C+floras%5C+from%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%2C%5C+i.e.%2C%5C+Xiaolongtan%5C+flora%5C+and%5C+Bangmai%5C+flora%2C%5C+are%5C+reconstructed%5C+using%5C+different%5C+models.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+indicate%5C+that%2C%5C+temperature%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%5C+is%5C+slightly%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+that%5C+in%5C+nowadays%2C%5C+but%5C+the%5C+precipitation%5C+is%5C+much%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+that%5C+at%5C+present%5C+day%2C%5C+which%5C+may%5C+be%5C+caused%5C+by%5C+the%5C+uplift%5C+of%5C+Hengduan%5C+Mountain.%5C+4.%5C+Late%5C+Pliocene%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora%5C+in%5C+West%5C+Yunnan%5C+Province%2C%5C+China%EF%BC%8CA%5C+Late%5C+Pliocene%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora%5C+form%5C+Yongping%5C+County%2C%5C+western%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%2C%5C+which%5C+belongs%5C+to%5C+Sanying%5C+formation%2C%5C+is%5C+studied%5C+in%5C+this%5C+dissertation.%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora%5C+is%5C+dominated%5C+by%5C+Quercus%5C+sect.%5C+Heterobalanus%5C+%5C%28Oerst.%5C%29%5C+Menits.%5C+%5C%28evergreen%5C+sclerophyllous%5C+oaks%5C%29%2C%5C+and%5C+this%5C+forest%5C+type%5C+is%5C+quite%5C+common%5C+in%5C+SW%5C+China%5C+at%5C+present.%5C+The%5C+discovery%5C+of%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora%5C+provides%5C+evidence%5C+that%2C%5C+vegetations%5C+of%5C+Yunnan%5C+in%5C+Miocene%5C+were%5C+dominated%5C+by%5C+evergreen%5C+forests%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+dominant%5C+families%5C+were%5C+Fabaceae%2C%5C+Fagaceae%5C+and%5C+Lauraceae.%5C+In%5C+Pliocene%2C%5C+this%5C+vegetation%5C+type%5C+changed%5C+gradually%5C+to%5C+evergreen%5C+sclerophyllous%5C+oak%5C+forests.%5C+This%5C+vegetation%5C+change%5C+may%5C+have%5C+been%5C+caused%5C+by%5C+the%5C+uplift%5C+of%5C+Hengduan%5C+Mountain%5C+in%5C+Neogene.%5C+A%5C+polypodiaceous%5C+fern%2C%5C+Drynaria%5C+callispora%5C+sp.%5C+nov.%2C%5C+is%5C+described%5C+from%5C+the%5C+upper%5C+Pliocene%5C+Sanying%5C+Formation%5C+in%5C+western%5C+Yunnan%5C+Province%2C%5C+southwestern%5C+China.%5C+The%5C+species%5C+with%5C+well%5C-preserved%5C+pinnae%5C+and%5C+in%5C+situ%5C+spores%5C+is%5C+the%5C+first%5C+convincing%5C+Drynaria%5C+fossil%5C+record.%5C+Detailed%5C+morphological%5C+investigation%5C+reveals%5C+that%5C+D.%5C+callispora%5C+is%5C+characterized%5C+by%5C+1%5C%29%5C+pinnatifid%5C+fronds%5C+with%5C+entire%5C-margined%5C+pinnae%5C+having%5C+straight%5C+or%5C+zigzag%5C+secondary%5C+veins%5C%3B%5C+2%5C%29%5C+finer%5C+venation%5C+showing%5C+void%5C+quadrangular%5C+areoles%2C%5C+but%5C+occasionally%5C+with%5C+one%5C+unbranched%5C+veinlet%5C%3B%5C+3%5C%29%5C+one%5C+row%5C+of%5C+circular%5C+sori%5C+on%5C+each%5C+side%5C+of%5C+the%5C+strong%5C+primary%5C+vein%5C%3B%5C+and%5C+4%5C%29%5C+in%5C+situ%5C+spores%5C+with%5C+verrucate%5C+exospores%5C+elliptical%5C+in%5C+polar%5C+view%5C+and%5C+bean%5C-shaped%5C+in%5C+equatorial%5C+view.%5C+A%5C+morphological%5C+comparison%5C+shows%5C+that%5C+D.%5C+callispora%5C+is%5C+significantly%5C+different%5C+from%5C+all%5C+the%5C+fossil%5C+species%5C+previously%5C+identified%5C+as%5C+drynarioids.%5C+A%5C+phylogenetic%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+D.%5C+callispora%5C+supports%5C+that%5C+the%5C+fossil%5C+is%5C+closely%5C+related%5C+to%5C+D.%5C+sinica%5C+Diels%5C+and%5C+D.%5C+mollis%5C+Bedd.%2C%5C+two%5C+extant%5C+species%5C+distributing%5C+in%5C+the%5C+Himalayas.%5C+The%5C+discovery%5C+of%5C+the%5C+new%5C+fern%5C+indicates%5C+that%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+Drynaria%5C+became%5C+diversified%5C+in%5C+its%5C+modern%5C+distribution%5C+region%5C+no%5C+later%5C+than%5C+the%5C+late%5C+Pliocene%5C+and%5C+had%5C+retained%5C+the%5C+similar%5C+ecology%5C+to%5C+that%5C+of%5C+many%5C+modern%5C+drynarioid%5C+ferns%5C+ever%5C+since.%5C+5.%5C+Paleoclimate%5C+reconstruction%5C+of%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora%EF%BC%8CLMA%2C%5C+Single%5C+Linear%5C+Regression%5C+for%5C+Precipitation%5C+and%5C+PHYSGCHINA%5C+are%5C+applied%5C+to%5C+reconstruct%5C+paleoclimate%5C+of%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora.%5C+MAT%5C+calculated%5C+by%5C+LMA%5C+and%5C+CLAMP%5C+is%5C+22.0%5C+%C2%B1%5C+2.4%C2%B0C%5C+and%5C+20.0%5C+%C2%B1%5C+1.4%C2%B0C%2C%5C+respectively%2C%5C+and%5C+GSP%5C+calculated%5C+by%5C+Single%5C+Linear%5C+Regression%5C+for%5C+Precipitation%5C+and%5C+PHYSGCHINA%5C+is%5C+1521.9%5C+%C2%B1%5C+131.3%5C+mm%5C+and%5C+2084.7%5C+%C2%B1%5C+223.1%5C+mm%2C%5C+respectively%5C+All%5C+methods%5C+agree%5C+that%2C%5C+both%5C+temperature%5C+and%5C+precipitation%5C+were%5C+higher%5C+in%5C+Late%5C+Pliocene%5C+than%5C+in%5C+nowadays.%5C+Meanwhile%2C%5C+precipitation%5C+parameters%5C+calculated%5C+by%5C+CLAMP%5C+gets%5C+high%5C+values.%5C+6.%5C+Preliminary%5C+study%5C+of%5C+insect%5C+herbivory%5C+in%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora%EF%BC%8CInsect%5C+herbivory%5C+on%5C+leaves%5C+of%5C+Quercus%5C+preguyavaefolia%5C+Tao%5C+and%5C+Q.%5C+presenescens%5C+Zhou%2C%5C+two%5C+dominant%5C+species%5C+in%5C+Yangjie%5C+flora%2C%5C+is%5C+reported%5C+by%5C+the%5C+preliminary%5C+research.%5C+Each%5C+of%5C+these%5C+two%5C+species%5C+has%5C+a%5C+high%5C+diversity%5C+of%5C+insect%5C+damage.%5C+Among%5C+all%5C+damage%5C+types%2C%5C+margin%5C+feeding%5C+and%5C+surface%5C+feeding%5C+are%5C+most%5C+common%2C%5C+and%5C+skeletonization%2C%5C+piercing%5C+and%5C+sucking%2C%5C+and%5C+galling%5C+are%5C+less%5C+found.%5C+Most%5C+of%5C+these%5C+damage%5C+types%5C+belonge%5C+to%5C+the%5C+high%5C+host%5C+specialization%5C+%5C%28HS%5C+%3D%5C+1%5C%29.%5C+However%2C%5C+the%5C+proportion%5C+of%5C+leaves%5C+without%5C+insect%5C+damage%5C+in%5C+Q.%5C+presenescens%5C+is%5C+much%5C+higher%5C+than%5C+that%5C+in%5C+Q.%5C+preguyavaefolia.%5C+According%5C+to%5C+the%5C+log%5C-log%5C+linear%5C+regression%5C+model%2C%5C+both%5C+Quercus%5C+preguyavaefolia%5C+and%5C+Q.%5C+presenescens%5C+have%5C+very%5C+high%5C+leaf%5C+mass%5C+per%5C+area%5C+%5C%28with%5C+184.8%5C+%C2%B1%5C+6.7%5C+g%5C%2Fm2%5C+and%5C+155.3%5C+%C2%B1%5C+10.7%5C+g%5C%2Fm2%2C%5C+respectively%5C%29.%5C+The%5C+high%5C+diversity%5C+of%5C+insect%5C+herbivory%5C+demonstrates%5C+a%5C+warm%5C+climate%5C+in%5C+the%5C+Late%5C+Pliocene%5C+of%5C+West%5C+Yunnan%5C+Province."},{"jsname":"The thesis includes four chapters: Chapters 1 and 2 cover bioactive constituents of two traditional Chininese medicines of Ding-Zhi-Yuan prescription: Acorus tatarinowii Schott. and Poria cum Radix Pini. Chapter 3 introduces chemical components of flavonoids from the gum of Cerasus conradinae. In the last chapter, the research progress of Acorus was reviewed. As a result, 60 compounds were isolated from these plants, and eight of them were identified as new ones. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. The types of these compounds include phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids.Chapter 1 introduced the chemical constitutents of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. Acorus tatarinowii Schott is a famous traditional Chinese medicine possessing anticonvulsive,spasmolytic, and neuroprotective effects. To study its pharmacological mechanism, 47 compounds, including 7 new ones, were isolated from this herb. AlphaScreen cAMP assay showed that six phenylpropanoids significantly increased cAMP level at the concentration of 50 µM. Two novel spiro-alkaloids inhibited high glucose-induced ROS production in mesangial cells. Besides, their anti-oxidant activities were dose-dependent and reached to the maximum at 10 μM and 50 μM, respectively.Chapter 2 introduced the chemical constitutents of Poria cum Radix Pin. Poria cum Radix Pini is the xylem of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. As a traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effects for treatment of palpitation, forgettery, insomnia and other diseases. Chemical investigation about it resulted in 9 compounds and 1 compound was elucidated to be new. Chater 3 introduced the chemical constituents of flavonoids from the gum of Cerasus conradina.ere isolated from the gum ofCerasus conradinae. The fruits of Cerasus conradina were used to deal with heart failure, beriberi and edema. Because of frostibe, pest, and mechanical damage, Cerasus conradin excrete lots of gum in winter. To investigate the chemical constituents and the chemical defence function of the gum, 4 flavonoids with different structure types w. Chapter 4 reviewed the progress of the studies on chemistry and bioactivity of chemical constituents from Acorus","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&fq=dc.type_filter%3A%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%8D%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical%2BDiversity&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+thesis%5C+includes%5C+four%5C+chapters%5C%3A%5C+Chapters%5C+1%5C+and%5C+2%5C+cover%5C+bioactive%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+two%5C+traditional%5C+Chininese%5C+medicines%5C+of%5C+Ding%5C-Zhi%5C-Yuan%5C+prescription%5C%3A%5C+Acorus%5C+tatarinowii%5C+Schott.%5C+and%5C+Poria%5C+cum%5C+Radix%5C+Pini.%5C+Chapter%5C+3%5C+introduces%5C+chemical%5C+components%5C+of%5C+flavonoids%5C+from%5C+the%5C+gum%5C+of%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradinae.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+last%5C+chapter%2C%5C+the%5C+research%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+Acorus%5C+was%5C+reviewed.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+result%2C%5C+60%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+these%5C+plants%2C%5C+and%5C+eight%5C+of%5C+them%5C+were%5C+identified%5C+as%5C+new%5C+ones.%5C+Their%5C+structures%5C+were%5C+established%5C+on%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+spectroscopic%5C+data.%5C+The%5C+types%5C+of%5C+these%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+phenylpropanoids%2C%5C+lignans%2C%5C+flavonoids%2C%5C+sesquiterpenoids%2C%5C+alkaloids%2C%5C+and%5C+steroids.Chapter%5C+1%5C+introduced%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constitutents%5C+of%5C+Acorus%5C+tatarinowii%5C+Schott.%5C+Acorus%5C+tatarinowii%5C+Schott%5C+is%5C+a%5C+famous%5C+traditional%5C+Chinese%5C+medicine%5C+possessing%5C+anticonvulsive%2Cspasmolytic%2C%5C+and%5C+neuroprotective%5C+effects.%5C+To%5C+study%5C+its%5C+pharmacological%5C+mechanism%2C%5C+47%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+7%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+this%5C+herb.%5C+AlphaScreen%5C+cAMP%5C+assay%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+six%5C+phenylpropanoids%5C+significantly%5C+increased%5C+cAMP%5C+level%5C+at%5C+the%5C+concentration%5C+of%5C+50%5C+%C2%B5M.%5C+Two%5C+novel%5C+spiro%5C-alkaloids%5C+inhibited%5C+high%5C+glucose%5C-induced%5C+ROS%5C+production%5C+in%5C+mesangial%5C+cells.%5C+Besides%2C%5C+their%5C+anti%5C-oxidant%5C+activities%5C+were%5C+dose%5C-dependent%5C+and%5C+reached%5C+to%5C+the%5C+maximum%5C+at%5C+10%5C+%CE%BCM%5C+and%5C+50%5C+%CE%BCM%2C%5C+respectively.Chapter%5C+2%5C+introduced%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constitutents%5C+of%5C+Poria%5C+cum%5C+Radix%5C+Pin.%5C+Poria%5C+cum%5C+Radix%5C+Pini%5C+is%5C+the%5C+xylem%5C+of%5C+Poria%5C+cocos%5C+%5C%28Schw.%5C%29%5C+Wolf.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+traditional%5C+Chinese%5C+medicine%2C%5C+it%5C+has%5C+the%5C+effects%5C+for%5C+treatment%5C+of%5C+palpitation%2C%5C+forgettery%2C%5C+insomnia%5C+and%5C+other%5C+diseases.%5C+Chemical%5C+investigation%5C+about%5C+it%5C+resulted%5C+in%5C+9%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+1%5C+compound%5C+was%5C+elucidated%5C+to%5C+be%5C+new.%5C+Chater%5C+3%5C+introduced%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+flavonoids%5C+from%5C+the%5C+gum%5C+of%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradina.ere%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+gum%5C+ofCerasus%5C+conradinae.%5C+The%5C+fruits%5C+of%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradina%5C+were%5C+used%5C+to%5C+deal%5C+with%5C+heart%5C+failure%2C%5C+beriberi%5C+and%5C+edema.%5C+Because%5C+of%5C+frostibe%2C%5C+pest%2C%5C+and%5C+mechanical%5C+damage%2C%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradin%5C+excrete%5C+lots%5C+of%5C+gum%5C+in%5C+winter.%5C+To%5C+investigate%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+defence%5C+function%5C+of%5C+the%5C+gum%2C%5C+4%5C+flavonoids%5C+with%5C+different%5C+structure%5C+types%5C+w.%5C+Chapter%5C+4%5C+reviewed%5C+the%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+the%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+chemistry%5C+and%5C+bioactivity%5C+of%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+Acorus"},{"jsname":"This thesis deals with the research work on the chemical constituents of Camellia taliensis, Camellia pachyandra, Camellia oleifera, Metapanax delavayi , Pu-er tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) and one of the dominant microorganisms in the post-fermentation of Pu-er tea, Aspergillus japonicus var. japonicus through the systematic phytochemical methods. By the modern techniques of chromatography, spectroscopy along with chemical degradation methods, 107 compounds were isolated and identified by MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra along with other spectroscopic method along with chemical degradation. The compounds include hydrolysable tannins, flavan-3ols, flavonoid glycosides, triterpene glycosides, simple phenolics and so on, most of which were evaluated by antioxidant or anti-viral activities. Meantime, the HPLC analytical methods were applied to compare the chemical constituents of C. taliensis and C. pachyandra with with those of the cultivated tea, C. sinensis var. assamica. Above all, the detection methods were established for the analysis of tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, caffeine and the main polyphenolic constituents in tea. And finally, the progress of the research work on Pu-er tea was reviewed.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.date.issued.year&advanced=false&fq=dc.type_filter%3A%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%8D%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical%2BDiversity&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThis%5C+thesis%5C+deals%5C+with%5C+the%5C+research%5C+work%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+Camellia%5C+taliensis%2C%5C+Camellia%5C+pachyandra%2C%5C+Camellia%5C+oleifera%2C%5C+Metapanax%5C+delavayi%5C+%2C%5C+Pu%5C-er%5C+tea%5C+%5C%28Camellia%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica%5C%29%5C+and%5C+one%5C+of%5C+the%5C+dominant%5C+microorganisms%5C+in%5C+the%5C+post%5C-fermentation%5C+of%5C+Pu%5C-er%5C+tea%2C%5C+Aspergillus%5C+japonicus%5C+var.%5C+japonicus%5C+through%5C+the%5C+systematic%5C+phytochemical%5C+methods.%5C+By%5C+the%5C+modern%5C+techniques%5C+of%5C+chromatography%2C%5C+spectroscopy%5C+along%5C+with%5C+chemical%5C+degradation%5C+methods%2C%5C+107%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+by%5C+MS%2C%5C+1D%5C+and%5C+2D%5C+NMR%5C+spectra%5C+along%5C+with%5C+other%5C+spectroscopic%5C+method%5C+along%5C+with%5C+chemical%5C+degradation.%5C+The%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+hydrolysable%5C+tannins%2C%5C+flavan%5C-3ols%2C%5C+flavonoid%5C+glycosides%2C%5C+triterpene%5C+glycosides%2C%5C+simple%5C+phenolics%5C+and%5C+so%5C+on%2C%5C+most%5C+of%5C+which%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+by%5C+antioxidant%5C+or%5C+anti%5C-viral%5C+activities.%5C+Meantime%2C%5C+the%5C+HPLC%5C+analytical%5C+methods%5C+were%5C+applied%5C+to%5C+compare%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+C.%5C+taliensis%5C+and%5C+C.%5C+pachyandra%5C+with%5C+with%5C+those%5C+of%5C+the%5C+cultivated%5C+tea%2C%5C+C.%5C+sinensis%5C+var.%5C+assamica.%5C+Above%5C+all%2C%5C+the%5C+detection%5C+methods%5C+were%5C+established%5C+for%5C+the%5C+analysis%5C+of%5C+tea%5C+polyphenols%2C%5C+tea%5C+polysaccharides%2C%5C+caffeine%5C+and%5C+the%5C+main%5C+polyphenolic%5C+constituents%5C+in%5C+tea.%5C+And%5C+finally%2C%5C+the%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+the%5C+research%5C+work%5C+on%5C+Pu%5C-er%5C+tea%5C+was%5C+reviewed."},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-06-17"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
Aconitum L... [1]
Chemical i... [1]
Cyatheacea... [1]
During a f... [1]
In order t... [1]
In order t... [1]
更多...
收录类别
资助机构
×
知识图谱
KIB OpenIR
开始提交
已提交作品
待认领作品
已认领作品
未提交全文
收藏管理
QQ客服
官方微博
反馈留言
分面浏览：发表日期
当前检索式
((ALL：Chemical Diversity))
限定条件
((文献类型：学位论文))
共20条，第1-20条
2022
4
2021
7
2020
54
2019
40
2018
40
2017
38
2016
33
2015
30
2014
21
2013
14
2012
18
2011
9
2010
16
2009
10
2008
10
2007
13
2006
4
2005
2
2004
2
2003
3
