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中国科学院昆明植物研究所知识管理系统
Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
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陈纪军 [3]
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GST, P < 0.05) were exhibited by this species. The SAMOVA revealed seven diverging groups of related chlorotypes, six of them had distinct nonoverlapping geographical ranges: one in the northeast comprising 10 populations, a second with a southeast distribution comprising 22 populations, and the remaning four groups comprising 15 populations located in the west part of the species’ range along different river valleys. The genetic clustering of populations into three regions was also supported by analysis of molecular variance, which showed that most genetic variation (82.43%) was found among these three regions. Two clusters were distinguished by both phylogenetic analysis and genealogical analysis of chlorotypes, one consisting of chlorotypes from the western region and the second consisting of those from the eastern region. Significant genetic differences between the two regions might be attributed to vicariance and restricted gene flow, and this vicariance could be explained by the physical environmental heterogeneity on each side of the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line. Following the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the reorganization of the major river drainages was primarily caused by river separation and capture events. These historical events could change the distribution of S. davidii from fragmented to continuous (Upper/Lower Jinshajiang and Yalongjiang/Daduhe), and from continuous to fragmented (Nujiang and Jinshajiang/Honghe). However, spatial and temporal patterns of phylogeographic divergence are strongly associated with historical disjunction rather than modern drainage connections. Moreover, the following north-south split in the eastern region and effective isolation with their genetic diversity were essentially modelled by genetic drift. The higher chlorotype richness and genetic divergence for populations in western region compared with other two regions suggests that there were multipe refugia or in situ survival of S. davidii in the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountain region. Fixation of chlorotypes in the northeastern region and near fixation in the southeastern region suggest a recent colonization of these areas. We further found that this species underwent past range expansion around 37-303 thousand years ago (kya). The southeastern populations likely experienced a demographic expansion via unidirectional gene flow along rivers, while northeastern populations underwent a more northward expansion, both from initial populations (s) (21, 22, 23) preserved on eastern refugia (Jinshajiang). This process might have been accompanied with a series of founder effects or bottlenecks making populations genetically impoverished. 3. Phylogeographic analysisbased on nuclear sequence，We sequenced the nuclear (ncpGS) region in all populations sampled, recovering 23 nuclear haplotypes. Compared to cpDNA, both NST (0.470) and GST (0.338) were relatively lower, but NST was also significantly larger than GST. 37.10% of the total variation was distributed among regions which was much lower than that shown by chlorotypes. Thus, more extensive distribution of nuclear haplotypes was exhibited across the geographical range instead of the strong population subdivision observed in chlorotypes. Similarly to the chloroplast data, we found that genetic differentiation of nDNA was positively correlated with the geographical distance, but the increase in the geographical distance between populations did not increase the genetic differentiation of nDNA as rapidly as that of cpDNA. These contrasting levels between the chloroplast and nuclear genomes of S. davidii are likely due to limited gene flow of cpDNA by seeds vs. the extensive gene flow of nDNA by wind-mediated pollen in the population history. We also determined from nuclear markers that haplotype diversity was reduced in the southeastern and northeastern regions due to the loss of rare haplotypes in western region. This reduction of gene diversity is also a signature of founder events or recent bottleneck during post-glacial colonization. However, nuclear diversity within populations remains high. This provides evidence that regionally pollen flow might be sufficiently high to blur the genetic identity of founder populations over a reasonably large spatial scale.3. Relationships among three varieties，The phylogenetic analysis identified two phylogroups of chlorotypes, corresponding to S. davidii var. davidii and var. chuansinesis. The former was distinguished by the abscence of predonminant nuclear haplotype H1 of the latter. The monophyletic group of chlorotypes in var. davidii and var. liangshanesis showed their relatively close relationship. And their genetic divergence from the third variety appears to be relative to their slight morphological difference in leaf size and the divergent environmental niche spaces they occupy. Thus, the observed differences in morphological characters between var. chuansinesis and other two varieties can be explained by the seed dispersal limitation illustrated above (as inferred by geographical separation) and by environmental heterogeneity (as inferred by precipitation or elevation) or by a combination of both. After all, the geological changes, drainage reorganization, and floristic differences following the Himalayan uplift have been suggested to affect the genetic structure of S. davidii. These results provide new insights into the phylogeographic pattern of plants in China. In addition, the unique population genetic structure found in S. davidii has provided important insights into the evolutionary history of this species. The genetic profile uncovered in this study is also critical for its conservation management. Our study has uncovered the existence of at least two ‘evolutionary significant units’ independent units within S. davidii, corresponding to var. davidii from eastern region and var. chuansinensis from western region. The conservation efforts should first focus on most western populations and on the southeastern ones exhibiting high levels of genetic diversity, while the genetically homogeneous northeastern populations located in the degraded Loess Plateau should require much greater conservation 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Master degree thesis studied on the chemical constituents and bioactivities of Azadirachta indica and Jatropha curcas which both have insecticidal activity. 58 compounds, including four new ones, were isolated and identified from this two species by various chromatographic processes. The cytotoxicities of some compounds obtained from Azadirachta indica were evaluated. Finally, this thesis also made a review on the chemical constituents and bioactivities from plants of genus Melia. Chapter 1 Chemical constituents and bioactivities of Azadirachta indica，From the methanol extract of branches and leaves of Azadirachta indicia, 53 compounds, including four new ones, were isolated and identified based on spectral techniques. These compounds referred to sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids and flavonoids. Two of the new compounds were C30 triterpenoids and the other two were tetranortriterpenoids. 26 compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities and some were found to have potential cytotoxicities. The abundant constituent, nimbolide, showed strong cytotoxicities against all the tested cell lines. Chapter 2 Chemical constituents of Jatropha curcas，Nine known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of branches and leaves of J. curcas. Chapter 3 Review on chemical constituents and bioactivities of genus Melia，This chapter made a review on the chemical constituents and bioactivities of genus Melia based on the literatures which were reported before 2010.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical-synthesis&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+Master%5C+degree%5C+thesis%5C+studied%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+Azadirachta%5C+indica%5C+and%5C+Jatropha%5C+curcas%5C+which%5C+both%5C+have%5C+insecticidal%5C+activity.%5C+58%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+four%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+this%5C+two%5C+species%5C+by%5C+various%5C+chromatographic%5C+processes.%5C+The%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+of%5C+some%5C+compounds%5C+obtained%5C+from%5C+Azadirachta%5C+indica%5C+were%5C+evaluated.%5C+Finally%2C%5C+this%5C+thesis%5C+also%5C+made%5C+a%5C+review%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+from%5C+plants%5C+of%5C+genus%5C+Melia.%5C+Chapter%5C+1%5C+Chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+Azadirachta%5C+indica%EF%BC%8CFrom%5C+the%5C+methanol%5C+extract%5C+of%5C+branches%5C+and%5C+leaves%5C+of%5C+Azadirachta%5C+indicia%2C%5C+53%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+four%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+based%5C+on%5C+spectral%5C+techniques.%5C+These%5C+compounds%5C+referred%5C+to%5C+sesquiterpenoids%2C%5C+triterpenoids%2C%5C+steroids%5C+and%5C+flavonoids.%5C+Two%5C+of%5C+the%5C+new%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+C30%5C+triterpenoids%5C+and%5C+the%5C+other%5C+two%5C+were%5C+tetranortriterpenoids.%5C+26%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+their%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+and%5C+some%5C+were%5C+found%5C+to%5C+have%5C+potential%5C+cytotoxicities.%5C+The%5C+abundant%5C+constituent%2C%5C+nimbolide%2C%5C+showed%5C+strong%5C+cytotoxicities%5C+against%5C+all%5C+the%5C+tested%5C+cell%5C+lines.%5C+Chapter%5C+2%5C+Chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+Jatropha%5C+curcas%EF%BC%8CNine%5C+known%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+methanol%5C+extract%5C+of%5C+branches%5C+and%5C+leaves%5C+of%5C+J.%5C+curcas.%5C+Chapter%5C+3%5C+Review%5C+on%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+genus%5C+Melia%EF%BC%8CThis%5C+chapter%5C+made%5C+a%5C+review%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+bioactivities%5C+of%5C+genus%5C+Melia%5C+based%5C+on%5C+the%5C+literatures%5C+which%5C+were%5C+reported%5C+before%5C+2010."},{"jsname":"The chemical constituents of eight higher fungi and one medicinal plant were investigated. The fungi included Trametes corrugate, Campanella junghuhnii, Craterellus cornucopioides, Phlebia radiate, Laccaria amethystea, Hydnochaete sp., Nidula sp. and Rhodophyllus ater, which are all collected from Yunnan province, P. R. China. The leaves of Cynara scolymus L. (Artichoke) were collected from south of Vietnam. 119 compounds, including 91 different compounds and 9 new ones, have been obtained using varied chromatographic methods, and the structures of new metabolites were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including IR, UV, MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments.Two unusual diterpenes (13-14) with neodolastane skeletons were isolated and identified from the culture broth of Trametes corrugate. This type of diterpene was obtained for the first time from higer fungi. A new tricyclo[6.3.1.02,5]dodecane sesquiterpene (1) was isolated from the culture broth of Campanella junghuhnii. Three new keto esters (65-67) and a series of illudine sesquiterpenes (4-10) were isolated and identified from the culture broth of the basidiomycete Craterellus cornucopioides. A new fatty acid ester (48) was isolated from the culture broth of Phlebia radiate.A new isoprenyl phenyl ether riboside (68) was isolated from culture broth of Laccaria amethystea. During our studies on chemical constituents of the culture broth of Hydnochaete sp., a conjugate lactone (71) was obtained. Preliminary biological assay showed that the lactone exhibited inhibitory activity against the11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) of human and mouse with IC50 value of 53.338 mg/mL and 95.950 mg/mL, respectively. A new guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone (2) and a new phenolic glucoside gallate (69) were isolated and identified from the leaves of Cynara scolymus (Artichoke). A review summarized their structures, biological activities, and the producing species of naturally occurring triterpenes from higher fungi. The paper provides 433 structurally diverse compounds published between 1985~2010, and 114 references.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical-synthesis&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+eight%5C+higher%5C+fungi%5C+and%5C+one%5C+medicinal%5C+plant%5C+were%5C+investigated.%5C+The%5C+fungi%5C+included%5C+Trametes%5C+corrugate%2C%5C+Campanella%5C+junghuhnii%2C%5C+Craterellus%5C+cornucopioides%2C%5C+Phlebia%5C+radiate%2C%5C+Laccaria%5C+amethystea%2C%5C+Hydnochaete%5C+sp.%2C%5C+Nidula%5C+sp.%5C+and%5C+Rhodophyllus%5C+ater%2C%5C+which%5C+are%5C+all%5C+collected%5C+from%5C+Yunnan%5C+province%2C%5C+P.%5C+R.%5C+China.%5C+The%5C+leaves%5C+of%5C+Cynara%5C+scolymus%5C+L.%5C+%5C%28Artichoke%5C%29%5C+were%5C+collected%5C+from%5C+south%5C+of%5C+Vietnam.%5C+119%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+91%5C+different%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+9%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+have%5C+been%5C+obtained%5C+using%5C+varied%5C+chromatographic%5C+methods%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+structures%5C+of%5C+new%5C+metabolites%5C+were%5C+elucidated%5C+on%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+extensive%5C+spectroscopic%5C+analysis%5C+including%5C+IR%2C%5C+UV%2C%5C+MS%2C%5C+1D%5C-%5C+and%5C+2D%5C-NMR%5C+experiments.Two%5C+unusual%5C+diterpenes%5C+%5C%2813%5C-14%5C%29%5C+with%5C+neodolastane%5C+skeletons%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+the%5C+culture%5C+broth%5C+of%5C+Trametes%5C+corrugate.%5C+This%5C+type%5C+of%5C+diterpene%5C+was%5C+obtained%5C+for%5C+the%5C+first%5C+time%5C+from%5C+higer%5C+fungi.%5C+A%5C+new%5C+tricyclo%5C%5B6.3.1.02%2C5%5C%5Ddodecane%5C+sesquiterpene%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%5C+was%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+culture%5C+broth%5C+of%5C+Campanella%5C+junghuhnii.%5C+Three%5C+new%5C+keto%5C+esters%5C+%5C%2865%5C-67%5C%29%5C+and%5C+a%5C+series%5C+of%5C+illudine%5C+sesquiterpenes%5C+%5C%284%5C-10%5C%29%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+the%5C+culture%5C+broth%5C+of%5C+the%5C+basidiomycete%5C+Craterellus%5C+cornucopioides.%5C+A%5C+new%5C+fatty%5C+acid%5C+ester%5C+%5C%2848%5C%29%5C+was%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+culture%5C+broth%5C+of%5C+Phlebia%5C+radiate.A%5C+new%5C+isoprenyl%5C+phenyl%5C+ether%5C+riboside%5C+%5C%2868%5C%29%5C+was%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+culture%5C+broth%5C+of%5C+Laccaria%5C+amethystea.%5C+During%5C+our%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+the%5C+culture%5C+broth%5C+of%5C+Hydnochaete%5C+sp.%2C%5C+a%5C+conjugate%5C+lactone%5C+%5C%2871%5C%29%5C+was%5C+obtained.%5C+Preliminary%5C+biological%5C+assay%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+lactone%5C+exhibited%5C+inhibitory%5C+activity%5C+against%5C+the11b%5C-hydroxysteroid%5C+dehydrogenase%5C+%5C%2811%CE%B2%5C-HSD1%5C%29%5C+of%5C+human%5C+and%5C+mouse%5C+with%5C+IC50%5C+value%5C+of%5C+53.338%5C+mg%5C%2FmL%5C+and%5C+95.950%5C+mg%5C%2FmL%2C%5C+respectively.%5C+A%5C+new%5C+guaiane%5C-type%5C+sesquiterpene%5C+lactone%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%5C+and%5C+a%5C+new%5C+phenolic%5C+glucoside%5C+gallate%5C+%5C%2869%5C%29%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+the%5C+leaves%5C+of%5C+Cynara%5C+scolymus%5C+%5C%28Artichoke%5C%29.%5C+A%5C+review%5C+summarized%5C+their%5C+structures%2C%5C+biological%5C+activities%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+producing%5C+species%5C+of%5C+naturally%5C+occurring%5C+triterpenes%5C+from%5C+higher%5C+fungi.%5C+The%5C+paper%5C+provides%5C+433%5C+structurally%5C+diverse%5C+compounds%5C+published%5C+between%5C+1985%5C%7E2010%2C%5C+and%5C+114%5C+references."},{"jsname":"The chemical constituents of six higher fungi including Gomphus floccosus, Marasmius maximus Hongo, Paxillus panuoides, Tylopilus felleus, Cantharellus cibarius and Grifola frondosa collected from Yunnan Province, P. R. China, and a medicinal plant Hypericum reptans, were investigated.43 Compounds including 3 new ones have been obtained by chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data (1D NMR, 2D NMR, MS, HR-MS, UV/Vis) in combination with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.Two new furanone derivatives, (E)-3-(1,3-butadienyl)-4-(3-oxopentyl)-2(5H)-furanone (1), 3-((S,E)-3,4-dihydroxy-butylenyl)-4-((S,E)-3-hydroxy-pentenyl)-2(5H)-furanone (2) which had a large conjugated systemGomphus floccosus. The absolute configurations of 2 were determined based on the modified Moshers method after selectively protected the primary alcohol group in the 1,2-primary/secondary diol. in the structures, were isolated from the culture of the basidiomycete. A new compound based on a dibenzodioxinone skeleton was isolated from the medical plant Hypericum reptans. The plane structure and relative configurations of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic data and further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical-synthesis&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+six%5C+higher%5C+fungi%5C+including%5C+Gomphus%5C+floccosus%2C%5C+Marasmius%5C+maximus%5C+Hongo%2C%5C+Paxillus%5C+panuoides%2C%5C+Tylopilus%5C+felleus%2C%5C+Cantharellus%5C+cibarius%5C+and%5C+Grifola%5C+frondosa%5C+collected%5C+from%5C+Yunnan%5C+Province%2C%5C+P.%5C+R.%5C+China%2C%5C+and%5C+a%5C+medicinal%5C+plant%5C+Hypericum%5C+reptans%2C%5C+were%5C+investigated.43%5C+Compounds%5C+including%5C+3%5C+new%5C+ones%5C+have%5C+been%5C+obtained%5C+by%5C+chromatographic%5C+methods%2C%5C+and%5C+their%5C+structures%5C+were%5C+elucidated%5C+on%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+spectroscopic%5C+data%5C+%5C%281D%5C+NMR%2C%5C+2D%5C+NMR%2C%5C+MS%2C%5C+HR%5C-MS%2C%5C+UV%5C%2FVis%5C%29%5C+in%5C+combination%5C+with%5C+single%5C-crystal%5C+X%5C-ray%5C+diffraction%5C+analysis.Two%5C+new%5C+furanone%5C+derivatives%2C%5C+%5C%28E%5C%29%5C-3%5C-%5C%281%2C3%5C-butadienyl%5C%29%5C-4%5C-%5C%283%5C-oxopentyl%5C%29%5C-2%5C%285H%5C%29%5C-furanone%5C+%5C%281%5C%29%2C%5C+3%5C-%5C%28%5C%28S%2CE%5C%29%5C-3%2C4%5C-dihydroxy%5C-butylenyl%5C%29%5C-4%5C-%5C%28%5C%28S%2CE%5C%29%5C-3%5C-hydroxy%5C-pentenyl%5C%29%5C-2%5C%285H%5C%29%5C-furanone%5C+%5C%282%5C%29%5C+which%5C+had%5C+a%5C+large%5C+conjugated%5C+systemGomphus%5C+floccosus.%5C+The%5C+absolute%5C+configurations%5C+of%5C+2%5C+were%5C+determined%5C+based%5C+on%5C+the%5C+modified%5C+Moshers%5C+method%5C+after%5C+selectively%5C+protected%5C+the%5C+primary%5C+alcohol%5C+group%5C+in%5C+the%5C+1%2C2%5C-primary%5C%2Fsecondary%5C+diol.%5C+in%5C+the%5C+structures%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+culture%5C+of%5C+the%5C+basidiomycete.%5C+A%5C+new%5C+compound%5C+based%5C+on%5C+a%5C+dibenzodioxinone%5C+skeleton%5C+was%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+medical%5C+plant%5C+Hypericum%5C+reptans.%5C+The%5C+plane%5C+structure%5C+and%5C+relative%5C+configurations%5C+of%5C+the%5C+new%5C+compound%5C+was%5C+elucidated%5C+by%5C+spectroscopic%5C+data%5C+and%5C+further%5C+confirmed%5C+by%5C+single%5C-crystal%5C+X%5C-ray%5C+diffraction."},{"jsname":"The chemistry constitutes and their anti-tobacco mosic virus activity from two species of Simaroubeaceae, namely Brucea javanica (L) Merr. and Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr have been investigated.. By variety of chromatographies over various materials, Eighty-seven compounds were isolated from the two plants and eighty of them were identified， of which twenty-two were new compounds and one of them was a novel nortriterpenoids with unprecedented skeleton and another showed the polymorphism. A series of C-20 quassinoids with potent anti-tobacco mosic virus (TMV) activity was found by the bioassay-guided isolation of the seed of Brucea javanica. The characteristic secondary metabolites of Simaroubeaceae--quassinoids were reviewed. Chapter 1, phytochemistry investigation on the seed of Brucea javanica (L) Merr. has led to isolation of 41 compounds, and 34 of them were identified, including 17 quassinoids with anti-TMV activity. Among them compounds 1 and 2 were new quassinoids. Others were alkaloids, ligands, sequiterpenoids, and so on. Chapter 2, tobacco mosic virus inhibiting activity of quassinoids from Brucea javanica (L) Merr. From bioassay-guide isolation 17 quassinoids with potent anti-TMV activities were isolated from the seeds of Brucea javanica (L) Merr. Based on the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was showed that those compounds can both inhibit virus infection and multiplication of TMV. The anti-TMV structure activity relationships were also discussed. Chapter 3, phytochemistry investigation on the leaves and branches of H. perforata has lead to isolation of 32 compounds and 31 were identified, including 20 new limonoids. Among them 1 was a novel limonoids with unprecedented skeleton, and another showed the polymorphism. Besides, 14 compounds, including 8 limonoids along with some triterpenoids, ligands and flavonoids were isolated from the fruit of H. perforata. Among the 14 compounds 1-3 were novel limonoids which have been isolated from the leaves and branches of this species. The limonoids isolated from H. perforata showed structure similarity with those from the Ptaeroxylaceae and Cneoraceae. Furthermore, most of them were the key intermediates of the biogenetic pathway previously proposed by Dr. Xin Fang of our research group. Based on the biogenetic pathway and structure similarity of limonoids it was suggested that the genus of Harrisonia has a very close relationship with Ptaeroxylaceae and Cneoraceae. Chapter 4, reviewed the progress on the phytochemistry study of the quassinoids of Simaroubaceae. The bioactivities along with proposed biogenetic pathway involving quassinoids reported from the Simaroubeaceae were systemically.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical-synthesis&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+chemistry%5C+constitutes%5C+and%5C+their%5C+anti%5C-tobacco%5C+mosic%5C+virus%5C+activity%5C+from%5C+two%5C+species%5C+of%5C+Simaroubeaceae%2C%5C+namely%5C+Brucea%5C+javanica%5C+%5C%28L%5C%29%5C+Merr.%5C+and%5C+Harrisonia%5C+perforata%5C+%5C%28Blanco%5C%29%5C+Merr%5C+have%5C+been%5C+investigated..%5C+By%5C+variety%5C+of%5C+chromatographies%5C+over%5C+various%5C+materials%2C%5C+Eighty%5C-seven%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+two%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+eighty%5C+of%5C+them%5C+were%5C+identified%EF%BC%8C%5C+of%5C+which%5C+twenty%5C-two%5C+were%5C+new%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+one%5C+of%5C+them%5C+was%5C+a%5C+novel%5C+nortriterpenoids%5C+with%5C+unprecedented%5C+skeleton%5C+and%5C+another%5C+showed%5C+the%5C+polymorphism.%5C+A%5C+series%5C+of%5C+C%5C-20%5C+quassinoids%5C+with%5C+potent%5C+anti%5C-tobacco%5C+mosic%5C+virus%5C+%5C%28TMV%5C%29%5C+activity%5C+was%5C+found%5C+by%5C+the%5C+bioassay%5C-guided%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+the%5C+seed%5C+of%5C+Brucea%5C+javanica.%5C+The%5C+characteristic%5C+secondary%5C+metabolites%5C+of%5C+Simaroubeaceae%5C-%5C-quassinoids%5C+were%5C+reviewed.%5C+Chapter%5C+1%2C%5C+phytochemistry%5C+investigation%5C+on%5C+the%5C+seed%5C+of%5C+Brucea%5C+javanica%5C+%5C%28L%5C%29%5C+Merr.%5C+has%5C+led%5C+to%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+41%5C+compounds%2C%5C+and%5C+34%5C+of%5C+them%5C+were%5C+identified%2C%5C+including%5C+17%5C+quassinoids%5C+with%5C+anti%5C-TMV%5C+activity.%5C+Among%5C+them%5C+compounds%5C+1%5C+and%5C+2%5C+were%5C+new%5C+quassinoids.%5C+Others%5C+were%5C+alkaloids%2C%5C+ligands%2C%5C+sequiterpenoids%2C%5C+and%5C+so%5C+on.%5C+Chapter%5C+2%2C%5C+tobacco%5C+mosic%5C+virus%5C+inhibiting%5C+activity%5C+of%5C+quassinoids%5C+from%5C+Brucea%5C+javanica%5C+%5C%28L%5C%29%5C+Merr.%5C+From%5C+bioassay%5C-guide%5C+isolation%5C+17%5C+quassinoids%5C+with%5C+potent%5C+anti%5C-TMV%5C+activities%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+seeds%5C+of%5C+Brucea%5C+javanica%5C+%5C%28L%5C%29%5C+Merr.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+the%5C+results%5C+of%5C+in%5C+vivo%5C+and%5C+in%5C+vitro%5C+experiments%2C%5C+it%5C+was%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+those%5C+compounds%5C+can%5C+both%5C+inhibit%5C+virus%5C+infection%5C+and%5C+multiplication%5C+of%5C+TMV.%5C+The%5C+anti%5C-TMV%5C+structure%5C+activity%5C+relationships%5C+were%5C+also%5C+discussed.%5C+Chapter%5C+3%2C%5C+phytochemistry%5C+investigation%5C+on%5C+the%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+branches%5C+of%5C+H.%5C+perforata%5C+has%5C+lead%5C+to%5C+isolation%5C+of%5C+32%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+31%5C+were%5C+identified%2C%5C+including%5C+20%5C+new%5C+limonoids.%5C+Among%5C+them%5C+1%5C+was%5C+a%5C+novel%5C+limonoids%5C+with%5C+unprecedented%5C+skeleton%2C%5C+and%5C+another%5C+showed%5C+the%5C+polymorphism.%5C+Besides%2C%5C+14%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+8%5C+limonoids%5C+along%5C+with%5C+some%5C+triterpenoids%2C%5C+ligands%5C+and%5C+flavonoids%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+fruit%5C+of%5C+H.%5C+perforata.%5C+Among%5C+the%5C+14%5C+compounds%5C+1%5C-3%5C+were%5C+novel%5C+limonoids%5C+which%5C+have%5C+been%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+branches%5C+of%5C+this%5C+species.%5C+The%5C+limonoids%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+H.%5C+perforata%5C+showed%5C+structure%5C+similarity%5C+with%5C+those%5C+from%5C+the%5C+Ptaeroxylaceae%5C+and%5C+Cneoraceae.%5C+Furthermore%2C%5C+most%5C+of%5C+them%5C+were%5C+the%5C+key%5C+intermediates%5C+of%5C+the%5C+biogenetic%5C+pathway%5C+previously%5C+proposed%5C+by%5C+Dr.%5C+Xin%5C+Fang%5C+of%5C+our%5C+research%5C+group.%5C+Based%5C+on%5C+the%5C+biogenetic%5C+pathway%5C+and%5C+structure%5C+similarity%5C+of%5C+limonoids%5C+it%5C+was%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+the%5C+genus%5C+of%5C+Harrisonia%5C+has%5C+a%5C+very%5C+close%5C+relationship%5C+with%5C+Ptaeroxylaceae%5C+and%5C+Cneoraceae.%5C+Chapter%5C+4%2C%5C+reviewed%5C+the%5C+progress%5C+on%5C+the%5C+phytochemistry%5C+study%5C+of%5C+the%5C+quassinoids%5C+of%5C+Simaroubaceae.%5C+The%5C+bioactivities%5C+along%5C+with%5C+proposed%5C+biogenetic%5C+pathway%5C+involving%5C+quassinoids%5C+reported%5C+from%5C+the%5C+Simaroubeaceae%5C+were%5C+systemically."},{"jsname":"The dissertation is composed of three chapters. Chapter 1 provided an introduction to the investigation on the chemical constituents of two species of fern, including L. japonicium and S. doederleinii. In the second chapter, we described the isolation and identification of chemical constituents from three species of Viburnum, including V. odoratissimum, V. odoratissimum var. sessilifolrum, and V. foetidum. var. ceanothoides. In the last chapter, we summarized all the natural vibsane-type diterpenoids, and the activity and the synthesis research about them. By means of chromatography methods and spectroscopic evidences, 188 compounds were isolated and identified from the five species of plants, among which 43 compounds were new. The classes of these compounds include Lycopodium alkaloid, triterpenoid, diterpenoid, vibsane-type diterpenoid, steroid, lignan, flavnone, coumarin, phenol, phenolic glycoside. A Lycopodium alkaloid with a novel skeleton, lycojapodine A, was isolated from L. japonicium, as well as other 14 new ones. And 16 vibsane-type diterpenoid were isolated from species of Viburnum, 10 of which were new ones.All the new Lycopodium alkaloid isolated from L. japonicium were evaluated for the inhibition activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), part of the known Lycopodium alkaloid isolated from L. japonicium were evaluated for the anticancer activity, and most of the known Lycopodium alkaloid isolated from L. japonicium were evaluated for anti-HIV activity. Some of the vibsane-type diterpenoids were tested for the activity of inducing differentiation about leukaemia, controlling the migration of macrophages, and inducing morphological change in NGF-mediated PC-12 cell.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical-synthesis&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+dissertation%5C+is%5C+composed%5C+of%5C+three%5C+chapters.%5C+Chapter%5C+1%5C+provided%5C+an%5C+introduction%5C+to%5C+the%5C+investigation%5C+on%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+two%5C+species%5C+of%5C+fern%2C%5C+including%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%5C+and%5C+S.%5C+doederleinii.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+second%5C+chapter%2C%5C+we%5C+described%5C+the%5C+isolation%5C+and%5C+identification%5C+of%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+three%5C+species%5C+of%5C+Viburnum%2C%5C+including%5C+V.%5C+odoratissimum%2C%5C+V.%5C+odoratissimum%5C+var.%5C+sessilifolrum%2C%5C+and%5C+V.%5C+foetidum.%5C+var.%5C+ceanothoides.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+last%5C+chapter%2C%5C+we%5C+summarized%5C+all%5C+the%5C+natural%5C+vibsane%5C-type%5C+diterpenoids%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+activity%5C+and%5C+the%5C+synthesis%5C+research%5C+about%5C+them.%5C+By%5C+means%5C+of%5C+chromatography%5C+methods%5C+and%5C+spectroscopic%5C+evidences%2C%5C+188%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+and%5C+identified%5C+from%5C+the%5C+five%5C+species%5C+of%5C+plants%2C%5C+among%5C+which%5C+43%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+new.%5C+The%5C+classes%5C+of%5C+these%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%2C%5C+triterpenoid%2C%5C+diterpenoid%2C%5C+vibsane%5C-type%5C+diterpenoid%2C%5C+steroid%2C%5C+lignan%2C%5C+flavnone%2C%5C+coumarin%2C%5C+phenol%2C%5C+phenolic%5C+glycoside.%5C+A%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%5C+with%5C+a%5C+novel%5C+skeleton%2C%5C+lycojapodine%5C+A%2C%5C+was%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%2C%5C+as%5C+well%5C+as%5C+other%5C+14%5C+new%5C+ones.%5C+And%5C+16%5C+vibsane%5C-type%5C+diterpenoid%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+species%5C+of%5C+Viburnum%2C%5C+10%5C+of%5C+which%5C+were%5C+new%5C+ones.All%5C+the%5C+new%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+the%5C+inhibition%5C+activity%5C+of%5C+acetylcholine%5C+esterase%5C+%5C%28AChE%5C%29%2C%5C+part%5C+of%5C+the%5C+known%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+the%5C+anticancer%5C+activity%2C%5C+and%5C+most%5C+of%5C+the%5C+known%5C+Lycopodium%5C+alkaloid%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+L.%5C+japonicium%5C+were%5C+evaluated%5C+for%5C+anti%5C-HIV%5C+activity.%5C+Some%5C+of%5C+the%5C+vibsane%5C-type%5C+diterpenoids%5C+were%5C+tested%5C+for%5C+the%5C+activity%5C+of%5C+inducing%5C+differentiation%5C+about%5C+leukaemia%2C%5C+controlling%5C+the%5C+migration%5C+of%5C+macrophages%2C%5C+and%5C+inducing%5C+morphological%5C+change%5C+in%5C+NGF%5C-mediated%5C+PC%5C-12%5C+cell."},{"jsname":"The membrane system of cell performs many important functions, such as separates cells from the environment, keeps the biochemical reactions in order ect.. The integrity of membrane is very important for plants to survive, especially under the environmental stress. Among all environmental factors, temperature has the closest relationship with membrane and intensively study on this area has been reported. Most researches are mainly focused on the relationship between the composition of fatty acid about membrane and low temperature, while that with high temperature are rare. Nowadays, the increasing concentration of CO2 resulted in increasing temperature and high temperature has become an important inhibition to crop productivity. Thus, it’s necessary and emergent to study the relationship between membrane lipids and high temperature.In the present dissertation, Arabidopsis and its high temperature sensitive mutant were chosen to study the relationship between membrane lipids and high temperature. The ESI-MS/MS was used to examine the composition of membrane lipids. High temperature includes two categories, one is heat stress and the other is moderate heat stress. Heat stress can be divided into two processes: with and without heat acclimation. Five results have been obtained grounding on these works. Firstly, different change models of membrane lipids during heat stress and moderate stress had been found. The degradation of membrane lipids during moderate heat stress was controlled, while that of heat stress was out of control. During moderate heat stress, the degradation mainly happened on chloroplast, such as DGDG and PG, especially those lipids which has polyunsaturated fatty acids. Under heat stress, the degradation about plasma membrane and chloroplast membrane shared same rates. Secondly, the degradation of membrane lipids was reduced when plants had experienced heat acclimation before heat stress, and this change had nothing to do with accumulation of HSP101. The results suggested the acquired thermo-tolerance not only had related with HSP101, but also with membrane lipids. Thirdly, the amount of phosphatidic acid (PA) played an important role during heat stress. If the amount of PA rose to proper extent, it benefited the plants, while if it rose to high level, it destroyed the membrane structure. At last, the HSP101 mutant had higher ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/ saturated fatty acids than that of wild Arabidopsis under long term moderate heat stress. The dissertation also included other two parts: the drought-tolerance of Thellungiella halophila and the chemical structure and bioactivity of the second metabolites from endophytes, which were isolated from Trewia nudiflor. Thellungiella halophila shared the same characteristic with Arabidopsis in many aspects, such as dwarf phenotype, short life cycle, fertility and small genome. The research indicated that at cDNA level, they were also very similar. Besides these Thellungiella halophila was more tolerant to stress condition. The previous research about Thellungiella halophila mainly focused on the high-salinity stress, and the researches of drought stress were rare. In this dissertation we focused on the drought-resistance of Thellungiella halophila. Compare to Arabidopsis, Thellungiella halophila could keep water content in high level, more resist to ROS, good photosynthesis activity and keep the membrane system integrity under drought stress. It was interesting that the substances, which rose when Arabidopsis under stress, were at high level in normal Thellungiella halophila, such as: proline, ABA. The degradation of membrane lipids mainly happened on chloroplast membrane of Arabidopsis. In contrast, the membrane of Thellungiella halophila didn’t change. All these evidence indicated that Thellungiella halophila was more drought-tolerant than Arabidopsis. During the research about the chemical structure and bioactivity of the second metabolites from endophytes, which were isolated from Trewia nudiflor, we isolated 46 endophytes from different parts of plants . 34 species of them were selected for bioactivity test, and the bioactivity test show that 50% of them have some bioactivity. We also isolated 24 compounds from 6 endophytes, and 22 of them have been identified by spectra data, including: macrolides, azaphilones, anthraquinones, and steroids. 8 of them are novel compounds. Judging from results, we know the Trewia nudiflor is good resources to isolate endophytes and the endophytes are good resources to search for novel and bioactivity compounds.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical-synthesis&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+membrane%5C+system%5C+of%5C+cell%5C+performs%5C+many%5C+important%5C+functions%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+separates%5C+cells%5C+from%5C+the%5C+environment%2C%5C+keeps%5C+the%5C+biochemical%5C+reactions%5C+in%5C+order%5C+ect..%5C+The%5C+integrity%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+is%5C+very%5C+important%5C+for%5C+plants%5C+to%5C+survive%2C%5C+especially%5C+under%5C+the%5C+environmental%5C+stress.%5C+Among%5C+all%5C+environmental%5C+factors%2C%5C+temperature%5C+has%5C+the%5C+closest%5C+relationship%5C+with%5C+membrane%5C+and%5C+intensively%5C+study%5C+on%5C+this%5C+area%5C+has%5C+been%5C+reported.%5C+Most%5C+researches%5C+are%5C+mainly%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+the%5C+composition%5C+of%5C+fatty%5C+acid%5C+about%5C+membrane%5C+and%5C+low%5C+temperature%2C%5C+while%5C+that%5C+with%5C+high%5C+temperature%5C+are%5C+rare.%5C+Nowadays%2C%5C+the%5C+increasing%5C+concentration%5C+of%5C+CO2%5C+resulted%5C+in%5C+increasing%5C+temperature%5C+and%5C+high%5C+temperature%5C+has%5C+become%5C+an%5C+important%5C+inhibition%5C+to%5C+crop%5C+productivity.%5C+Thus%2C%5C+it%E2%80%99s%5C+necessary%5C+and%5C+emergent%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+and%5C+high%5C+temperature.In%5C+the%5C+present%5C+dissertation%2C%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+and%5C+its%5C+high%5C+temperature%5C+sensitive%5C+mutant%5C+were%5C+chosen%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+and%5C+high%5C+temperature.%5C+The%5C+ESI%5C-MS%5C%2FMS%5C+was%5C+used%5C+to%5C+examine%5C+the%5C+composition%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids.%5C+High%5C+temperature%5C+includes%5C+two%5C+categories%2C%5C+one%5C+is%5C+heat%5C+stress%5C+and%5C+the%5C+other%5C+is%5C+moderate%5C+heat%5C+stress.%5C+Heat%5C+stress%5C+can%5C+be%5C+divided%5C+into%5C+two%5C+processes%5C%3A%5C+with%5C+and%5C+without%5C+heat%5C+acclimation.%5C+Five%5C+results%5C+have%5C+been%5C+obtained%5C+grounding%5C+on%5C+these%5C+works.%5C+Firstly%2C%5C+different%5C+change%5C+models%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+during%5C+heat%5C+stress%5C+and%5C+moderate%5C+stress%5C+had%5C+been%5C+found.%5C+The%5C+degradation%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+during%5C+moderate%5C+heat%5C+stress%5C+was%5C+controlled%2C%5C+while%5C+that%5C+of%5C+heat%5C+stress%5C+was%5C+out%5C+of%5C+control.%5C+During%5C+moderate%5C+heat%5C+stress%2C%5C+the%5C+degradation%5C+mainly%5C+happened%5C+on%5C+chloroplast%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+DGDG%5C+and%5C+PG%2C%5C+especially%5C+those%5C+lipids%5C+which%5C+has%5C+polyunsaturated%5C+fatty%5C+acids.%5C+Under%5C+heat%5C+stress%2C%5C+the%5C+degradation%5C+about%5C+plasma%5C+membrane%5C+and%5C+chloroplast%5C+membrane%5C+shared%5C+same%5C+rates.%5C+Secondly%2C%5C+the%5C+degradation%5C+of%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+was%5C+reduced%5C+when%5C+plants%5C+had%5C+experienced%5C+heat%5C+acclimation%5C+before%5C+heat%5C+stress%2C%5C+and%5C+this%5C+change%5C+had%5C+nothing%5C+to%5C+do%5C+with%5C+accumulation%5C+of%5C+HSP101.%5C+The%5C+results%5C+suggested%5C+the%5C+acquired%5C+thermo%5C-tolerance%5C+not%5C+only%5C+had%5C+related%5C+with%5C+HSP101%2C%5C+but%5C+also%5C+with%5C+membrane%5C+lipids.%5C+Thirdly%2C%5C+the%5C+amount%5C+of%5C+phosphatidic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28PA%5C%29%5C+played%5C+an%5C+important%5C+role%5C+during%5C+heat%5C+stress.%5C+If%5C+the%5C+amount%5C+of%5C+PA%5C+rose%5C+to%5C+proper%5C+extent%2C%5C+it%5C+benefited%5C+the%5C+plants%2C%5C+while%5C+if%5C+it%5C+rose%5C+to%5C+high%5C+level%2C%5C+it%5C+destroyed%5C+the%5C+membrane%5C+structure.%5C+At%5C+last%2C%5C+the%5C+HSP101%5C+mutant%5C+had%5C+higher%5C+ratio%5C+of%5C+polyunsaturated%5C+fatty%5C+acids%5C%2F%5C+saturated%5C+fatty%5C+acids%5C+than%5C+that%5C+of%5C+wild%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+under%5C+long%5C+term%5C+moderate%5C+heat%5C+stress.%5C+The%5C+dissertation%5C+also%5C+included%5C+other%5C+two%5C+parts%5C%3A%5C+the%5C+drought%5C-tolerance%5C+of%5C+Thellungiella%5C+halophila%5C+and%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+structure%5C+and%5C+bioactivity%5C+of%5C+the%5C+second%5C+metabolites%5C+from%5C+endophytes%2C%5C+which%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+Trewia%5C+nudiflor.%5C+Thellungiella%5C+halophila%5C+shared%5C+the%5C+same%5C+characteristic%5C+with%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+in%5C+many%5C+aspects%2C%5C+such%5C+as%5C+dwarf%5C+phenotype%2C%5C+short%5C+life%5C+cycle%2C%5C+fertility%5C+and%5C+small%5C+genome.%5C+The%5C+research%5C+indicated%5C+that%5C+at%5C+cDNA%5C+level%2C%5C+they%5C+were%5C+also%5C+very%5C+similar.%5C+Besides%5C+these%5C+Thellungiella%5C+halophila%5C+was%5C+more%5C+tolerant%5C+to%5C+stress%5C+condition.%5C+The%5C+previous%5C+research%5C+about%5C+Thellungiella%5C+halophila%5C+mainly%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+high%5C-salinity%5C+stress%2C%5C+and%5C+the%5C+researches%5C+of%5C+drought%5C+stress%5C+were%5C+rare.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+dissertation%5C+we%5C+focused%5C+on%5C+the%5C+drought%5C-resistance%5C+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reaction of transphosphatidylation is which phospholipase D catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of the terminal phosphate diester bond of glycerophosphatides, transfer the phosphatidyl moiety of a phospholipids to a primary alcohol or water, producing phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Although this reaction plays important role in regulating physical process in plants and anminals, the pathway involved in and detailed regulation mechanism are still unknown or not clear. There are three factors which can affect transphosphatidylation, substrates, enzymes and products. This paper intended to uncover the physical effect of the reaction in detail by changing two indispensable factors, the type of substrate and the PLDs. This paper consist of three researches, the first one, changing the accept substrate of the reaction aims to study the relationship between the structure of alcohols and the physical effect, to reveal the significance of the reaction; secondly, using genetic methods to regulate the expression of PLDs mediating transphosphatidylation intends to study its roles in regulating senescence; thirdly, reducing mostly PA derived from PLDs by addition 1-Butanol try to study the effect of PLD-derived PA on phosphate starvation. 1. Initial research of the effect of alcohols on the palnt growth. In this study, we study on the effect of alcohols on Arabidopsis seed germination, seeding growth and membrane lipids molecules, the metabolic procees and signaling pathway invoved in plant responding to 1-Butanol. According to the results we observed, the toxicity of alcohols and its polarity is positively correlated; the toxicity of alcohols to plants may be related with the butanoate and propanoate metabolic pathway rather than transphosphatidylation, the increase of free IAA is contributed to the resistance to 1-Butanol for WS ecotype Arabidopsis thaliana. Futhermore, five 1-Butanol insensitive mutants have obtained and the mutant sites has identified. Under the same concentration 1-Butanol stress, the five mutants are in better condition no matter physical and chemical level or cellular levels compared to wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana. It is believed that the five mutants definitely provide direct evidence for us to uncover the mechanism of the toxicity of alcohols to plants. 2. The change pattern of the membrane lipid molecules responding to the phytohormones-promoted detached Arabidopsis leaves and the role of PLDα1 and PLDδ in regulating this process. The reason for PLDα1-antisense mutant and PLDδ-knockout mutant delaying phytohormone-promoted senescence may be PLDα1 and PLDδ are response to the ABA and ethylene sinaling; PLDα1-or PLDδ-derived PA contributes to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; PLDα1-antisense mutant and PLDδ-knockout mutant have higher level of indole-3-acrtic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) level but lower level of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) compared to wild-type Col and wild-type WS, respectively, which is favorable to retard the phytohormone-promoted detached leaves senescence. 3. Application tert-butanol increase the efficiency of phosphate utilization and absord when the phosphate-limited. The seedinges phosphate-starved or not exposed to 1-Butanol was subjected to lethal stress. However, in low phosphate condition, application of tert-butanol lower anthocyanin accumulation, increase the phosphate levels and the siliques number, in a word, tert-butanol attenuates the symptom of phosphate-starved induced. It is suggested that tert-Butanol can increase the utilization and absord efficiency of the limited phosphate, however, more evidences are needed to prove the mechanism.","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical-synthesis&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+reaction%5C+of%5C+transphosphatidylation%5C+is%5C+which%5C+phospholipase%5C+D%5C+catalyzes%5C+hydrolytic%5C+cleavage%5C+of%5C+the%5C+terminal%5C+phosphate%5C+diester%5C+bond%5C+of%5C+glycerophosphatides%2C%5C+transfer%5C+the%5C+phosphatidyl%5C+moiety%5C+of%5C+a%5C+phospholipids%5C+to%5C+a%5C+primary%5C+alcohol%5C+or%5C+water%2C%5C+producing%5C+phosphatidyl%5C+alcohol%5C+or%5C+phosphatidic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28PtdOH%5C%29.%5C+Although%5C+this%5C+reaction%5C+plays%5C+important%5C+role%5C+in%5C+regulating%5C+physical%5C+process%5C+in%5C+plants%5C+and%5C+anminals%2C%5C+the%5C+pathway%5C+involved%5C+in%5C+and%5C+detailed%5C+regulation%5C+mechanism%5C+are%5C+still%5C+unknown%5C+or%5C+not%5C+clear.%5C+There%5C+are%5C+three%5C+factors%5C+which%5C+can%5C+affect%5C+transphosphatidylation%2C%5C+substrates%2C%5C+enzymes%5C+and%5C+products.%5C+This%5C+paper%5C+intended%5C+to%5C+uncover%5C+the%5C+physical%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C+in%5C+detail%5C+by%5C+changing%5C+two%5C+indispensable%5C+factors%2C%5C+the%5C+type%5C+of%5C+substrate%5C+and%5C+the%5C+PLDs.%5C+This%5C+paper%5C+consist%5C+of%C2%A0three%5C+researches%2C%5C+the%5C+first%5C+one%2C%5C+changing%5C+the%5C+accept%5C+substrate%5C+of%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C+aims%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+relationship%5C+between%5C+the%5C+structure%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+and%5C+the%5C+physical%5C+effect%2C%5C+to%5C+reveal%5C+the%5C+significance%5C+of%5C+the%5C+reaction%5C%3B%5C+secondly%2C%5C+using%5C+genetic%5C+methods%5C+to%5C+regulate%5C+the%5C+expression%5C+of%5C+PLDs%5C+mediating%5C+transphosphatidylation%5C+intends%5C+to%5C+study%5C+its%5C+roles%5C+in%5C+regulating%5C+senescence%5C%3B%5C+thirdly%2C%5C+reducing%5C+mostly%5C+PA%5C+derived%5C+from%5C+PLDs%5C+by%5C+addition%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+try%5C+to%5C+study%5C+the%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+PLD%5C-derived%5C+PA%5C+on%5C+phosphate%5C+starvation.%5C+1.%5C+Initial%5C+research%5C+of%5C+the%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+on%5C+the%5C+palnt%5C+growth.%5C+In%5C+this%5C+study%2C%5C+we%5C+study%5C+on%5C+the%5C+effect%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+on%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+seed%5C+germination%2C%5C+seeding%5C+growth%5C+and%5C+membrane%5C+lipids%5C+molecules%2C%5C+the%5C+metabolic%5C+procees%5C+and%5C+signaling%5C+pathway%5C+invoved%5C+in%5C+plant%5C+responding%5C+to%5C+1%5C-Butanol.%5C+According%5C+to%5C+the%5C+results%5C+we%5C+observed%2C%5C+the%5C+toxicity%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+and%5C+its%5C+polarity%5C+is%5C+positively%5C+correlated%5C%3B%5C+the%5C+toxicity%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+to%5C+plants%5C+may%5C+be%5C+related%5C+with%5C+the%5C+butanoate%5C+and%5C+propanoate%5C+metabolic%5C+pathway%5C+rather%5C+than%5C+transphosphatidylation%2C%5C+the%5C+increase%5C+of%5C+free%5C+IAA%5C+is%5C+contributed%5C+to%5C+the%5C+resistance%5C+to%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+for%5C+WS%5C+ecotype%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+thaliana.%5C+Futhermore%2C%5C+five%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+insensitive%5C+mutants%5C+have%5C+obtained%5C+and%5C+the%5C+mutant%5C+sites%5C+has%5C+identified.%5C+Under%5C+the%5C+same%5C+concentration%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+stress%2C%5C+the%5C+five%5C+mutants%5C+are%5C+in%5C+better%5C+condition%5C+no%5C+matter%5C+physical%5C+and%5C+chemical%5C+level%5C+or%5C+cellular%5C+levels%5C+compared%5C+to%5C+wild%5C-type%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+thaliana.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+believed%5C+that%5C+the%5C+five%5C+mutants%5C+definitely%5C+provide%5C+direct%5C+evidence%5C+for%5C+us%5C+to%5C+uncover%5C+the%5C+mechanism%5C+of%5C+the%5C+toxicity%5C+of%5C+alcohols%5C+to%5C+plants.%5C+2.%5C+The%5C+change%5C+pattern%5C+of%5C+the%5C+membrane%5C+lipid%5C+molecules%5C+responding%5C+to%5C+the%5C+phytohormones%5C-promoted%5C+detached%5C+Arabidopsis%5C+leaves%5C+and%5C+the%5C+role%5C+of%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C+in%5C+regulating%5C+this%5C+process.%5C+The%5C+reason%5C+for%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C-antisense%5C+mutant%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C-knockout%5C+mutant%5C+delaying%5C+phytohormone%5C-promoted%5C+senescence%5C+may%5C+be%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C+are%5C+response%5C+to%5C+the%5C+ABA%5C+and%5C+ethylene%5C+sinaling%5C%3B%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C-or%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C-derived%5C+PA%5C+contributes%5C+to%5C+reactive%5C+oxygen%5C+species%5C+%5C%28ROS%5C%29%5C+accumulation%5C%3B%5C+PLD%CE%B11%5C-antisense%5C+mutant%5C+and%5C+PLD%CE%B4%5C-knockout%5C+mutant%5C+have%5C+higher%5C+level%5C+of%5C+indole%5C-3%5C-acrtic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28IAA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+zeatin%5C+riboside%5C+%5C%28ZR%5C%29%5C+level%5C+but%5C+lower%5C+level%5C+of%5C+abscisic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28ABA%5C%29%5C+and%5C+jasmonic%5C+acid%5C+%5C%28JA%5C%29%5C+compared%5C+to%5C+wild%5C-type%5C+Col%5C+and%5C+wild%5C-type%5C+WS%2C%5C+respectively%2C%5C+which%5C+is%5C+favorable%5C+to%5C+retard%5C+the%5C+phytohormone%5C-promoted%5C+detached%5C+leaves%5C+senescence.%5C+3.%5C+Application%5C+tert%5C-butanol%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+efficiency%5C+of%5C+phosphate%5C+utilization%5C+and%5C+absord%5C+when%5C+the%5C+phosphate%5C-limited.%5C+The%5C+seedinges%5C+phosphate%5C-starved%5C+or%5C+not%5C+exposed%5C+to%5C+1%5C-Butanol%5C+was%5C+subjected%5C+to%5C+lethal%5C+stress.%5C+However%2C%5C+in%5C+low%5C+phosphate%5C+condition%2C%5C+application%5C+of%5C+tert%5C-butanol%5C+lower%5C+anthocyanin%5C+accumulation%2C%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+phosphate%5C+levels%5C+and%5C+the%5C+siliques%5C+number%2C%5C+in%5C+a%5C+word%2C%5C+tert%5C-butanol%5C+attenuates%5C+the%5C+symptom%5C+of%5C+phosphate%5C-starved%5C+induced.%5C+It%5C+is%5C+suggested%5C+that%5C+tert%5C-Butanol%5C+can%5C+increase%5C+the%5C+utilization%5C+and%5C+absord%5C+efficiency%5C+of%5C+the%5C+limited%5C+phosphate%2C%5C+however%2C%5C+more%5C+evidences%5C+are%5C+needed%5C+to%5C+prove%5C+the%5C+mechanism."},{"jsname":"The thesis includes four chapters: Chapters 1 and 2 cover bioactive constituents of two traditional Chininese medicines of Ding-Zhi-Yuan prescription: Acorus tatarinowii Schott. and Poria cum Radix Pini. Chapter 3 introduces chemical components of flavonoids from the gum of Cerasus conradinae. In the last chapter, the research progress of Acorus was reviewed. As a result, 60 compounds were isolated from these plants, and eight of them were identified as new ones. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. The types of these compounds include phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids.Chapter 1 introduced the chemical constitutents of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. Acorus tatarinowii Schott is a famous traditional Chinese medicine possessing anticonvulsive,spasmolytic, and neuroprotective effects. To study its pharmacological mechanism, 47 compounds, including 7 new ones, were isolated from this herb. AlphaScreen cAMP assay showed that six phenylpropanoids significantly increased cAMP level at the concentration of 50 µM. Two novel spiro-alkaloids inhibited high glucose-induced ROS production in mesangial cells. Besides, their anti-oxidant activities were dose-dependent and reached to the maximum at 10 μM and 50 μM, respectively.Chapter 2 introduced the chemical constitutents of Poria cum Radix Pin. Poria cum Radix Pini is the xylem of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. As a traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effects for treatment of palpitation, forgettery, insomnia and other diseases. Chemical investigation about it resulted in 9 compounds and 1 compound was elucidated to be new. Chater 3 introduced the chemical constituents of flavonoids from the gum of Cerasus conradina.ere isolated from the gum ofCerasus conradinae. The fruits of Cerasus conradina were used to deal with heart failure, beriberi and edema. Because of frostibe, pest, and mechanical damage, Cerasus conradin excrete lots of gum in winter. To investigate the chemical constituents and the chemical defence function of the gum, 4 flavonoids with different structure types w. Chapter 4 reviewed the progress of the studies on chemistry and bioactivity of chemical constituents from Acorus","jscount":"1","jsurl":"/simple-search?field1=all&field=dc.citation.source_filter&advanced=false&fq=dc.language.iso_filter%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&query1=Chemical-synthesis&&fq=dc.project.title_filter%3AThe%5C+thesis%5C+includes%5C+four%5C+chapters%5C%3A%5C+Chapters%5C+1%5C+and%5C+2%5C+cover%5C+bioactive%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+two%5C+traditional%5C+Chininese%5C+medicines%5C+of%5C+Ding%5C-Zhi%5C-Yuan%5C+prescription%5C%3A%5C+Acorus%5C+tatarinowii%5C+Schott.%5C+and%5C+Poria%5C+cum%5C+Radix%5C+Pini.%5C+Chapter%5C+3%5C+introduces%5C+chemical%5C+components%5C+of%5C+flavonoids%5C+from%5C+the%5C+gum%5C+of%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradinae.%5C+In%5C+the%5C+last%5C+chapter%2C%5C+the%5C+research%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+Acorus%5C+was%5C+reviewed.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+result%2C%5C+60%5C+compounds%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+these%5C+plants%2C%5C+and%5C+eight%5C+of%5C+them%5C+were%5C+identified%5C+as%5C+new%5C+ones.%5C+Their%5C+structures%5C+were%5C+established%5C+on%5C+the%5C+basis%5C+of%5C+spectroscopic%5C+data.%5C+The%5C+types%5C+of%5C+these%5C+compounds%5C+include%5C+phenylpropanoids%2C%5C+lignans%2C%5C+flavonoids%2C%5C+sesquiterpenoids%2C%5C+alkaloids%2C%5C+and%5C+steroids.Chapter%5C+1%5C+introduced%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constitutents%5C+of%5C+Acorus%5C+tatarinowii%5C+Schott.%5C+Acorus%5C+tatarinowii%5C+Schott%5C+is%5C+a%5C+famous%5C+traditional%5C+Chinese%5C+medicine%5C+possessing%5C+anticonvulsive%2Cspasmolytic%2C%5C+and%5C+neuroprotective%5C+effects.%5C+To%5C+study%5C+its%5C+pharmacological%5C+mechanism%2C%5C+47%5C+compounds%2C%5C+including%5C+7%5C+new%5C+ones%2C%5C+were%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+this%5C+herb.%5C+AlphaScreen%5C+cAMP%5C+assay%5C+showed%5C+that%5C+six%5C+phenylpropanoids%5C+significantly%5C+increased%5C+cAMP%5C+level%5C+at%5C+the%5C+concentration%5C+of%5C+50%5C+%C2%B5M.%5C+Two%5C+novel%5C+spiro%5C-alkaloids%5C+inhibited%5C+high%5C+glucose%5C-induced%5C+ROS%5C+production%5C+in%5C+mesangial%5C+cells.%5C+Besides%2C%5C+their%5C+anti%5C-oxidant%5C+activities%5C+were%5C+dose%5C-dependent%5C+and%5C+reached%5C+to%5C+the%5C+maximum%5C+at%5C+10%5C+%CE%BCM%5C+and%5C+50%5C+%CE%BCM%2C%5C+respectively.Chapter%5C+2%5C+introduced%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constitutents%5C+of%5C+Poria%5C+cum%5C+Radix%5C+Pin.%5C+Poria%5C+cum%5C+Radix%5C+Pini%5C+is%5C+the%5C+xylem%5C+of%5C+Poria%5C+cocos%5C+%5C%28Schw.%5C%29%5C+Wolf.%5C+As%5C+a%5C+traditional%5C+Chinese%5C+medicine%2C%5C+it%5C+has%5C+the%5C+effects%5C+for%5C+treatment%5C+of%5C+palpitation%2C%5C+forgettery%2C%5C+insomnia%5C+and%5C+other%5C+diseases.%5C+Chemical%5C+investigation%5C+about%5C+it%5C+resulted%5C+in%5C+9%5C+compounds%5C+and%5C+1%5C+compound%5C+was%5C+elucidated%5C+to%5C+be%5C+new.%5C+Chater%5C+3%5C+introduced%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+of%5C+flavonoids%5C+from%5C+the%5C+gum%5C+of%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradina.ere%5C+isolated%5C+from%5C+the%5C+gum%5C+ofCerasus%5C+conradinae.%5C+The%5C+fruits%5C+of%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradina%5C+were%5C+used%5C+to%5C+deal%5C+with%5C+heart%5C+failure%2C%5C+beriberi%5C+and%5C+edema.%5C+Because%5C+of%5C+frostibe%2C%5C+pest%2C%5C+and%5C+mechanical%5C+damage%2C%5C+Cerasus%5C+conradin%5C+excrete%5C+lots%5C+of%5C+gum%5C+in%5C+winter.%5C+To%5C+investigate%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+and%5C+the%5C+chemical%5C+defence%5C+function%5C+of%5C+the%5C+gum%2C%5C+4%5C+flavonoids%5C+with%5C+different%5C+structure%5C+types%5C+w.%5C+Chapter%5C+4%5C+reviewed%5C+the%5C+progress%5C+of%5C+the%5C+studies%5C+on%5C+chemistry%5C+and%5C+bioactivity%5C+of%5C+chemical%5C+constituents%5C+from%5C+Acorus"},{"jsname":"lastIndexed","jscount":"2024-08-30"}],"资助项目","dc.project.title_filter")'>
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