光照和水分对独蒜兰（Pleione bulbocodioides）生理和化学成分累积的影响

	光照和水分对独蒜兰（Pleione bulbocodioides）生理和化学成分累积的影响
	施雨岑
导师	张石宝
关键词	独蒜兰，光强，水分，次生代谢产物，假鳞茎生物量 Pleione bulbocodioides, Light intensity, Water availability, Secondary metabolites, Pseudobulb biomass
摘要	兰科独蒜兰属（Pleione）植物是世界著名的观赏兰花和我国的传统中药材。由于缺乏规范化的栽培技术，独蒜兰属植物的用药需求严重依赖采挖野生资源，不仅导致野生资源的严重破坏，而且药材的产量和品质得不到保证。认识主要有效成分累积规律及其与环境的关系是制定合理栽培技术的基础。本论文以《中国药典》收录的独蒜兰（P. bulbocodioides）为材料，检测了其新老假鳞茎中的丁二酸苄酯苷类化合物dactylorhin A、militarine、联苄类化合物batatasin III、总黄酮和联苄类化合物总量在一个生长季中的含量变化，并通过光照强度（65%全光照、30%全光照、15%全光照）和水分（通过浇水频率实现，分别为3天/次、7天/次、14天/次）的控制实验，研究了不同光强和水分条件对独蒜兰的光合作用、叶片结构、叶片寿命、假鳞茎生物量和次生代谢产物含量的影响。得到的主要研究结果如下：（1）独蒜兰为先花后叶植物。开花后，其老假鳞茎中dactylorhin A、militarine、batatasin III、总黄酮、联苄类化合物的含量随生长周期的进行均呈下降趋势，而新假鳞茎中这五种化学成分的含量总体呈现上升趋势。（2）光照和水分条件显著影响独蒜兰的叶片生长和叶片性状，表现为低光照和中光照处理下叶片面积比高光照下的更大。高光照处理下的叶片面积较小，叶片发黄，且出现大量植株死亡现象。双因素方差分析发现，光照主要影响独蒜兰叶片的面积、厚度和寿命，而水分主要影响叶片的上、下表皮层厚度和寿命。水分条件相同时，高光照处理的叶片寿命比低光照和中光照显著降低，叶片增厚。（3）光照和水分显著影响独蒜兰的最大光合速率、光饱和点、气孔导度、表观量子效率。在高光照和低水分处理下，独蒜兰的最大光合速率显著降低。在同一水分条件下，低光照和中光照处理植株的假鳞茎生物量比高光照处理下的更大。在光照水平相同时，随着浇水频率减少，独蒜兰的假鳞茎生物量逐渐下降。（4）独蒜兰假鳞茎中的dactylorhin A、militarine、batatasin III、总黄酮、联苄类化合物的含量随光照强度的增加和浇水频率的下降显著增加。在中光照（30%全光照）+ 中水分（7天/次的浇水频率）处理下，单个假鳞茎中的主要有效成分总含量更高。综上，光照和水分能通过影响独蒜兰的光合能力、叶面积和叶片寿命，进而影响假鳞茎的生物量和主要化学成分含量的累积。在栽培药用独蒜兰时，中光照+中水分处理条件（600 μmol m-2 s-1；每7天浇水一次）能够获得更高的假鳞茎生物量和化学成分含量。关于环境因子对独蒜兰化学成分累积影响的研究缺乏，本研究的结果对于认识独蒜兰属植物的环境适应性、独蒜兰假鳞茎中化学成分的累积规律和指导药用独蒜兰的生产栽培具有重要意义。; Members of the genus Pleione (Orchidaceae) are world-famous ornamental plants and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Due to the lack of artificial cultivation techniques, the medicinal demand of Pleione depends largely on collecting wild resources, which not only leads to the serious destruction of wild resources, but also the yield and quality of medicinal materials can not be guaranteed. Understanding the accumulation of main effective components and its relationship with the environments is helpful to establish reasonable cultivation techniques. This thesis used P. bulbocodioides listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia as experimental material, and detected the variations in the contents of dactylorhin A, militarine, batatasin III, total flavonoids and bibenzyl compounds of old and new psedubulb in a growth season. Meanwhile, this thesis investigated the effects of different light intensities (15%, 30% and 65% of full sunlight) and water gradients (3-day, 7-day and 14-day irrigation intervals) on leaf photosynthesis, leaf structure, leaf lifespan, pseudobulb biomass and main chemical components (dactylorhin A, militarine, batatasin III, total flavonoids and bibenzyl compounds) of P. bulbocodioides. The main results are as follows: (1) Pleione bulbocodioides is a species that blooms first and then produces leaves. The contents of dactylorhin A, militarine, batatasin III, total flavonoids and bibenzyl compounds in the old pseudobulbs of P. bulbocodioides decreased with the growth and development process after flowering, while the contents of these five chemical components showed an opposite trend in the new pseudobulbs. (2) Both light intensity and watering frequency significantly affected leaf growth and leaf traits of P. bulbocodioides. The leaf area under low and medium light treatment was larger than that under high-light treatment. The plants in the high-light treatment produced smaller and less green leaves than those in the low-light and medium-light treatments and had higher mortality rate. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that light intensity had an important effect on the area, thickness and lifespan of leaf, while water level mainly affected the thickness of the abaxial and adaxial epidermis and leaf lifespan. Under same water treatment, the leaf lifespan under high-light treatment was significantly lower than those under low-light and medium-light treatments, but leaf was thicker. (3) Light intensity and water significantly affected the maximum photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, stomatal conductance, and apparent quantum efficiency of P. bulbocodioides. High light and drought stress decreased significantly the maximum photosynthetic rate. Under the same water condition, the plants under low-light and medium-light treatments had higher pseudobulb biomass than those under high-light treatment. When the light level was the same, the pseudobulb biomass of P. bulbocodioides decreased with the decreasing irrigation frequency. (4) The cont
语种	中文
	2022-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75203
专题	昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	施雨岑. 光照和水分对独蒜兰（Pleione bulbocodioides）生理和化学成分累积的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
施雨岑-施雨岑毕业论文终稿65edf87（1931KB）	学位论文		限制开放	CC BY-NC-SA	请求全文