白环蘑属白环蘑组真菌及其近缘类群的分类与系统发育

	白环蘑属白环蘑组真菌及其近缘类群的分类与系统发育
	马云蕊
导师	葛再伟
关键词	蘑菇科，白环蘑属，分子系统发育，分类，新种 Agaricaceae, Leucoagaricus, Phylogeny, Tanxonomy, New taxa
摘要	白环蘑属白环蘑组（Leucoagaricus sect. Leucoagaricus）及其近缘类群（sect. Sericeomyces、sect. Annulati、sect. Piloselli 和"sect. Leucoagaricus "）隶属于真菌界（Fungi）担子菌门（Basidiomycota）蘑菇纲（Agaricomycetes）蘑菇目（Agaricales）蘑菇科（Agaricaceae）白环蘑属（Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer）。白环蘑属真菌能分解木质素和纤维素，具有重要的生态价值，部分物种还可应用于环境监测。然而，白环蘑属下各组间的系统发育关系还存在较大争议，对该属物种多样性的认识在部分地区还很有限，极大地阻碍了白环蘑属真菌资源的开发利用。白环蘑属真菌在我国分布较广，先前对该属真菌的物种多样性认识主要聚焦于中国西南地区，对东北等地区该属真菌的多样性认识还有待深入开展。本研究在广泛收集白环蘑属及其近缘的白鬼伞属（Leucocoprinus Pat.）和小蘑菇属（Micropsalliota H?hn.）真菌标本的基础上，利用一代测序技术获得的 ITS、LSU、rpb2 和 tef1-α序列结合 GenBank 上的相关序列以及二代测序技术组装全基因组序列后获得的单拷贝直系同源基因序列分别构建系统发育树，解析白环蘑属下白环蘑组及其近缘类群的分子系统发育关系。同时，结合形态学研究，描述研究中发现的新种，并探究了白环蘑组真菌在我国的物种多样性。主要研究结果如下：（1）分子系统发育研究方面，本研究在基于 ITS、LSU、rpb2 和 tef1-α 序列的基础上，加入了单拷贝直系同源基因，为系统发育研究提供了更多的信息位点。分析发现：白环蘑属与白鬼伞属共同构成一个单系分支，与小蘑菇属分支互为姊妹类群。白环蘑属下丝盖白环蘑亚属（subg. Sericeomyces）是单系类群，而白环蘑亚属（subg. Leucoagaricus）则是一个并系类群。白环蘑亚属下的白环蘑组是单系类群，与丝盖白环蘑亚属互为姊妹类群。丝盖白环蘑亚属是单系类群，除了白色菌盖的物种外，还包括非白色菌盖的物种，丝盖白环蘑亚属宜处理为丝盖白环蘑组。（2）物种多样性方面，结合分子系统发育分析和形态学研究，本研究发现：全球有狭义的白环蘑组真菌共 28 种，我国有 10 种，其中包括 4 个新描述的物种：白鳞白环蘑（La. albosquamosus）、栗色白环蘑（La. centricastaneus）、绿盖白环蘑（La. atroviridis）和棕红白环蘑（La. rubroaquilus）。同时描述了该组下 2个单份标本的新种，Leucoagaricus sp.2 和 Leucoagaricus sp.5。此外，研究中也发现白环蘑属下其他组的 6 个新种：橙红白环蘑（La. aurantioruber）、白色鳞柄白环蘑（La. candidus）、深绿白环蘑（La. virens）、Leucoagaricus sp.6、Leucoagaricus sp.7 和 Leucoagaricus sp.10。本研究论证了白环蘑属与白鬼伞属共同构成一个单系分支，并与小蘑菇属分支互为姊妹类群。白环蘑亚属下的白环蘑组是单系类群。同时，结合形态学研究提出丝盖白环蘑亚属宜处理为丝盖白环蘑组。研究编制了白环蘑组的分种检索表，并对白环蘑组的 8 个物种和其近缘类群的 7 个物种进行了详细的描述。; Leucoagaricus sect. Leucoagaricus and related groups sect. Sericeomyces, sect. Annulati, sect. Piloselli and "sect. Leucoagaricus " belong to Fungi, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Agaricaceae, and genus Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer. Those fungi have significant ecological value, not only can decompose lignin and cellulose, but also some species can be used in environmental monitoring. However, the systematic relationship and classification of species under Leucoagaricus are controversial, which greatly hinders the survey of fungal diversity and the exploitation and utilization of Leucoagaricus. And the species of Leucoagaricus is widely distributed in China. The previous exploration of species diversity of Leucoagaricus mainly focused on southwestern China, while the Northeastern China needs to be further researched. In this study, based on the extensive collections of Leucoagaricus and related genera, Leucocoprinus Pat. and Micropsalliota H?hn., phylogenetic trees were constructed by combining ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequences obtained by Sanger's sequencing with related sequences in GenBank and single-copy orthologous gene sequences obtained by whole-genome assembly using next-generation sequencing. The phylogenetic tree to analyze the molecular phylogenetic relationships of sect. Leucoagaricus and its related groups were analyzed. At the same time, combined with morphological research, the new species in the collected materials were described, and the species diversity of sect. Leucoagaricus in China was explored. The main results are as follows: (1) In the molecular phylogenetic studies, apart from ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequences, single-copy orthologous genes, with more information loci provided, were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of Leucoagaricus and related taxa. The results showed that species within Leucoagaricus were clustered with species within Leucocoprinus, forming a monophyletic clade sister to Micropsalliota. The subg. Sericeomyces is a monophyletic group which is sister to sect. Leucoagaricus, while subg. Leucoagaricus is not monophyletic. In addition to those with white pileus, species within subg. Sericeomyces also include members with non-white pileus. The subg. Sericeomyces is suggested to be treated as sect. Sericeomyces. (2) Based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological studies, this study recognized 28 species in sect. Leucoagaricus worldwide. In China, 10 species of sect. Leucoagaricus are recorded, including four new species, La. albosquamosus, La. centricastaneus, La. atroviridis and La. rubroaquilus. And two new species Leucoagaricus sp.2 and Leucoagaricus sp.5 with only one collection from sect. Leucoagaricus were described. In addition, six new species from other groups of Leucoagaricus, La. aurantioruber, La. candidus, La. virens, Leucoagaricus sp.6, Leucoagaricus sp.7 and Leucoagaricus sp.10, were also described in detail. This study demonstrated that Leucoagaricus were clust
语种	中文
	2022-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75201
专题	昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	马云蕊. 白环蘑属白环蘑组真菌及其近缘类群的分类与系统发育[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022.

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