基于图像和光谱的植物化学指标评估技术探索

	基于图像和光谱的植物化学指标评估技术探索
	任子珏
导师	牛洋
关键词	进化生态学，伪装植物，生物色彩，花色进化，化学防御 Evolutionary ecology, Cryptic coloration, Biological color, Evolution of flower color, Chemical defense
摘要	生物常采用多种手段防御敌害，这些手段之间可能存在协同或权衡。近年来，色彩作为一类防御策略在植物中受到关注，而外在的色彩可能与内在化学防御相联系。对这种联系的探索一方面可以加深我们对植物防御进化的理解，另一方面在生产实践中具有潜在的应用价值。我国西南山地的高山流石滩地区生长着诸多具有显著伪装特征的植物，如罂粟科的囊距紫堇(Corydalis benecincta)和半荷包紫堇(C. hemidicentra)以及百合科植物梭砂贝母(Fritillaria delavayi)。其中一些存在明显的叶色二态现象，即伪装色个体和绿色个体共存于某些居群。此前的研究已在囊距紫堇中阐明了伪装型个体的生存优势，也揭示了半荷苞紫堇叶色的适应性地理分化。这些伪装植物与取食者的关系为研究植物防御策略开辟了新领域。在这些植物中，除了色彩防御外，还普遍存在用于防御的化合物。本研究希望探索伪装植物的外在色彩与内在化学防御之间的关系。本研究将首先结合进化生态学与植物化学的常用研究方法，对植物的伪装程度（显著度）、花青素含量及化学防御水平做定性、定量的分析。而后分析三者之间的具体关系，验证植物的两类防御假说：a）显著度假说；b）防御指征假说，理清伪装植物中色彩表型与化学防御之间的真实关系。最后，探索上述关系在贝母属药用经济植物质量控制中的应用价值。此外，研究还将色彩-化学物质关系的评估体系和思路拓展到了关于植物花色的研究中，并对植物色彩相关研究手段进行了探索和优化，以多光谱相机所拍摄的图像来对目标物体的反射率和颜色进行客观测量，探讨紫外反射特征来无损评估类黄酮相对含量的可行性。主要结果如下： 1. 伪装植物的外在色彩与内在化学防御 1）利用光谱数据结合动物视觉模型和生理生态方法，对伪装程度和花青素含量的分析结果表明：伪装程度与花青素含量正相关。花青素浓度越高，伪装程度越好。 2）研究样本中，木质素与花青素含量均无关；类黄酮与花青素含量均为正相关。若以类黄酮这类通用型防御物质衡量化学防御水平，那么结果符合防御指征假说的预期，即伪装（显著度低）型个体的化学防御更高。然而，花青素与其他次生代谢产物之间关系不一致。总酚含量和花青素浓度在半荷苞紫堇中负相关，在囊距紫堇和梭砂贝母中不相关。单宁含量和花青素浓度在半荷苞紫堇中负相关，在囊距紫堇中正相关，在梭砂贝母中不相关。生物碱与花青素含量在囊距紫堇和梭砂贝母中不相关，在半荷包紫堇中负相关。 3）在栽培川贝母（Fritillariacirrhosa）中，叶片花青素的累积伴随着生物碱含量的减少，叶片中花青素的累积规律与梭砂贝母叶中花青素与生物碱之间关系具有一致性，不过，由于叶色在人眼看来比较接近，所以它不适合成为衡量生物碱含量的指标。而花冠中花青素越多（花越紫），生物碱含量越高。我们可以认为：颜色对生物碱含量有指示作用，这对贝母属药用经济植物质量控制提供一定程度的参考意义。 2.花朵紫外反射与类黄酮含量 1）对植物色彩相关研究手段进行了探索和优化，多光谱相机所拍摄的图像可以对目标物体的反射率和颜色进行客观测量。 2）当所有类群的数据混合分析时，花朵紫外反射率与类黄酮含量关系不显著。但二者在山茶属、杜鹃属、马先蒿属、美人蕉属、木曼陀罗属等类群中显著负相关。因此，借助紫外反射特性来推断类黄酮含量可能首先需要确定研究对象的色素组成，后期可能要扩大采样范围来进一步验证类群中的相关性。关键词：进化生态学，伪装植物，生物色彩，花色进化，化学防御; Organisms often employ multiple measures to defend against enemies, and there may be synergy or trade-offs among these measures. In recent years, color has attracted much attention in plants as a kind of defensive strategy. The external color may be related to the internal chemical defense. On the one hand, the exploration of this relationship can deepen our understanding of plant defense evolution, on the other hand, it would be valuable for the control and optimization of the production process. There are many plants with obvious camouflage coloration growing in the alpine screes of SW China, such as Corydalis benecincta and C.hemidicentra of Papaveraceae andFritillaria delavayiof Liliaceae. Some of them have apparent leaf color dimorphism: camouflage individuals and green individuals coexist in the same populations. Previous studies have elucidated the survival advantages of camouflage individuals in C. benecincta,and also revealed the adaptive divergence of leaf color of C. hemidicentra.The relationship between these camouflage plants and their consumers has opened up new areas for studying plant defense strategies. Besides defensive coloration, they also have chemical defense. The present research hopes to explore the relationship between the external color and internal chemical defense of camouflage plants. Firstly, the degree of camouflage (apparency), anthocyanin content, chemical defense level of plants were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by combining the common methods of evolutionary ecology and phytochemistry. Then, the specific relationship among them was analyzed to verify two kinds of plants defense hypotheses: a) plant apparency hypothesis; b) defense indication hypothesis, clarifying the relationship between color phenotype and chemical defense in camouflage plants. Finally, the application value of the above relationship in quality control of Fritillaria, the medicinal economic plants, was explored. In addition, the evaluation system and thoughts on the color-chemical relationship were extended to the research of flower color. The reflectance and color of the target were objectively measured by the images taken by multi-spectral cameras, and explore the feasibility of using ultraviolet reflection characteristics to nondestructive evaluate the relative content of flavonoids. The main results are showed below: 1. External color and internal chemical defense of camouflage plants 1) Spectral data were combined with animal visual model and eco-physiological method to analyze the degree of camouflage and anthocyanin content. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the degree of camouflage and anthocyanin content. The degree of camouflage increased with anthocyanin accumulation. 2) Lignin and anthocyanin content are irrelevant. Flavonoid content and anthocyanin content were positively correlated. If the level of chemical defense is measured by general defense substances such as flavonoids, these r
语种	中文
	2022-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75200
专题	昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	任子珏. 基于图像和光谱的植物化学指标评估技术探索[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022.

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