月季皮刺形态发育与生理功能研究

	月季皮刺形态发育与生理功能研究
	锁志全
导师	胡金勇
关键词	月季皮刺，皮刺密度，离区，含水量，木栓化 Rose prickle, Prickle density, Abscission zone, Water content, Corkization
摘要	月季是世界上最重要的观赏植物之一，居世界“四大切花”之首，是精油工业芳香精油的关键来源，也是重要的药食同源资源。但月季茎、叶常生皮刺，给月季生产、运输、管理、加工等应用带来极大不便。因此研究月季皮刺结构、发育及相关调控机制具有重要生物学意义和应用潜力。本论文针对月季驯化过程中皮刺密度驯化趋势、皮刺生理功能及与皮刺结构发育之间的关联展开初步研究。论文选取了157个月季种质（36个野生蔷薇，39个中国古老月季，82个现代月季）开展了皮刺分布和密度研究；随机挑选了39个月季种质（13个野生蔷薇，5个古老月季，21个现代月季）测量分析当年生月季枝条上茎生皮刺含水量变化；以‘重瓣粉晕香水月季’（Rosa odorata ‘Pink Blush’）为例，运用系列解剖实验技术，系统解析了皮刺的发育过程。主要研究结果如下：（1）月季从野生向现代种质驯化过程中茎生皮刺密度升高、叶长下降、小叶数减少，但叶刺数没有明显变化。茎生皮刺密度与叶刺数目显著正相关；茎生皮刺密度与叶长则负相关。（2）随月季茎生皮刺的发育，含水量呈下降趋势，且早期皮刺的含水量超过了同期表皮的含水量，与茎干含水量相当。推测皮刺发育早期可能具有“储水”功能，从而确保幼嫩组织的水分供应。（3）通过对不同时期月季茎生皮刺离区的发育过程解剖分析，按照皮刺离区细胞微观细胞特征和离区组织学染色结果，将茎生皮刺离区发育过程划分为离区细胞脱分化前期、离区细胞脱分化期、木栓形成层形成期、木栓层形成期、木栓形成层溶解期、离层细胞溶解期。根据离区细胞形态变化和位置推测茎生皮刺离区的木栓形成层细胞是由皮层薄壁细胞脱分化后无丝分裂产生。茎生皮刺离区发育过程是动态的变化过程，动态的变化过程不仅体现在离层细胞同一发育时期不同位置的细胞形态、栓化程度的变化，也体现在离层细胞不同发育时期同一位置细胞形态、栓化程度的变化。（4）野生种质、古老月季和现代月季三种类型月季茎生皮刺解剖结构无明显差异；随发育进程推进，茎生皮刺基部表皮层由一层发展为多层细胞，且表皮层厚度和角质层厚度均增加。叶刺与茎生皮刺离区发育存在不同步性。茎生皮刺与茎相接区域的细胞脱分化产生“似离区”（resembling abscission zone，RAZ），随皮刺发育似离区细胞木栓化并逐步发育为真正的离区。发育后期离区细胞壁溶解，并伴随着木栓化程度升高，皮刺内部从远端至近端的组织细胞缺水褐化，继而伴随着皮刺含水量下降。论文系统研究了月季驯化过程中皮刺密度的变化趋势，辅助提出了早期发育的月季“皮刺可能具有储水功能”假说；开展了皮刺及其离区发育全过程的解剖、切片、组成成分染色分析，并发现皮刺含水量的降低可能与离区的形成有关。论文进一步丰富了对月季皮刺发育过程的理解，并为月季皮刺脱除等研究奠定了理论基础。; Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world, as well as the first of the "four major cut flowers" in the world, a large source of aromatic essential oils in the perfume industry, and a homogeneous supply of medicine and food. The rose’s stems and leaves, on the other hand, are frequently covered with prickles, which makes rose cultivation, shipping, management and processing extremely inconvenient. Studying the development of rose prickles and related regulatory mechanism has tremendous biological significance and practical possibilities. A preliminary investigation was conducted in this work on the prickle density domestication trend, the physiological function of prickles, and the relationship between prickle development and structure during rose domestication. The researchers studied the location and density of prickles in 157 rose germplasms (36 wild roses, 39 ancient roses, and 82 modern roses). To test and assess the water content variations in stem prickles on the current year's shoots, we randomly chose 39 rose germplasms (13 wild roses, 5 ancient roses, and 21 modern roses). Taking Rosa odorata ‘Pink Blush’ as an example, the development of the prickles was studied using a variety of anatomical experimental techniques. Key findings of the study are as follows: (1) The domestication of roses from wild to modern germplasm resulted in a rise in stem prickle density, a reduction in leaf length, and a reduction in the number of leaflets, but no change in the number of prickles on the main vein of the leaves. The density of stem prickles was positively connected with the number of prickles on the main vein of leaves, while inversely correlated with leaf length. (2) The water content of Chinese rose prickles decreased as they developed, and the water content of early prickles exceeded that of the epidermis and was equal to the water content of the stem at the same stage. It was speculated that the stem prickles may have the function of water storage in the early stage of development to ensure the water supply of young tissues (3) Through the anatomical analysis of the developmental process of the stem prickles abscission zone of rose in different periods, according to the microscopic cell characteristics of the thorn detachment zone cells and the results of histological staining, the development process of the stem prickles abscission zone was divided into the early stage of the abscission zone cell dedifferentiation, the stage of the abscission zone cell dedifferentiation, cork cambium formation stage, cork layer formation stage, cork cambium lysis stage, abscission cell lysis stage. According to the morphological changes and positions of cells in the separation zone, it is speculated that the cork cambium cells in the stem prickles abscission zone are produced by amitosis after dedifferentiation of cortical parenchyma cells. The formation process of the stem prickles abscission zone is a dynamic change process. The dyna
语种	中文
	2022-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75186
专题	昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	锁志全. 月季皮刺形态发育与生理功能研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
锁志全-月季皮刺形态发育与生理功能研究1（5771KB）	学位论文		限制开放	CC BY-NC-SA	请求全文