基于代谢组学的牛油果化学品质的研究

	基于代谢组学的牛油果化学品质的研究
	唐妮
导师	张颖君
关键词	牛油果，代谢组学，营养物质，采收时间 Avocado, Metabonomics, Nutrients, Collecting time
摘要	牛油果（Persea americana Mill）为樟科鳄梨属植物，英文名avocado，是一种营养丰富的重要商业水果，被广泛应用于食品、保健品、制药和化妆品行业。由于牛油果具有在树上不成熟、不掉落的特性，仅从外观较难判定果实是否达到采收标准。同时，牛油果属于呼吸跃变型水果，需要在采收后通过一定时期的后熟过程方能食用。国内外对牛油果生长发育过程中代谢组分、营养品质变化及采后熟化机理的研究较少。本研究采用基于UPLC-MS/MS的代谢组学方法，对不同生长期和熟化过程中牛油果果实中的代谢组分变化进行了初步探讨；并利用国标经典方法对3个品种牛油果果实在不同生长期的营养物质变化进行了研究。研究结果将为牛油果采收时间的确立提供科学依据，也将为熟化过程中牛油果果实的营养品质变化规律提供科学基础。本论文的主要研究内容和结果如下： 1. 以牛油果HASS为材料，开展了牛油果的代谢组学分析。从中共鉴定606种代谢物，包括氨基酸及其衍生物、酚酸、有机酸、游离脂肪酸、糖及醇类、生物碱、黄酮、脂质、核苷酸及其衍生物、香豆素和木脂素、萜类、维生素、以及其他类型代谢物共计12类。HASS果实中各类代谢物随生长时间后移发生了动态的变化，其中，溶血磷脂酰胆碱（脂质）、有机酸、核苷酸及其衍生物、酚酸、维生素等代谢物的相对含量随生长时间后移呈略下降的趋势，之后保持相对稳定。脂肪酸（脂质）、生物碱、糖及醇、香豆素和木脂素类化合物相对含量随生长时间后移呈增加趋势，之后保持相对稳定。HASS果实中的黄酮类和萜类成分相对含量不到1%。从9月份到10月份，HASS果实中的代谢物差异较大，之后保持稳定、代谢物累积水平差异较小。研究表明，牛油果生长到一定阶段时，其代谢组分变化较小。差异代谢物分析结果显示，三个不同采样时间的HASS果实有19种共同差异代谢物，包括黄酮、木脂素和香豆素、酚酸、脂质、维生素、氨基酸及其衍生物类化合物。这些化合物可能是牛油果生长发育过程中具有代表性的分子标志物。 2. 以3个牛油果品种HASS、V3和V4为材料，研究了牛油果果实在不同生长发育阶段（6～12月）的营养物质变化。结果表明，1）HASS、V3和V4果实中均含有P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu、Na等9种矿物质元素，其中，P、K、Zn、Fe、Na含量在生长后期的10～12月累积至最大，其余4种矿质元素变化规律不明显。2）HASS、V3和V4果实中均含有17种氨基酸，包括7种人体必需氨基酸、2种儿童必需氨基酸以及8种人体非必需氨基酸；3）果实中的17种氨基酸、粗脂肪含量在生长后期（10～12月）累积至最大；4）果实中油脂的主要成分均为油酸，从6月至12月各脂肪酸相对含量呈先增加后减少再增加的变化趋势。3个品种中的可溶性糖、总酸含量随生长时间后移而减少，粗纤维、蛋白质、总碳水化合物含量则在生长后期（10～12月）较高。各类成分的相关性分析表明，牛油果果实中的矿物质元素、氨基酸、粗脂肪、灰分含量间具有强的相关性。根据不同生长期果实中营养物质的累积变化规律及含量最大化原则，所研究的3个牛油果品种：HASS、V3和V4，自10月份起均已达到了采摘要求，可根据需求进行采收。 3. 对牛油果HASS果实在室温下的熟化过程，进行了代谢组学分析。从中共鉴定575种代谢物，包括氨基酸及其衍生物、酚酸、有机酸、脂质、糖及醇类、生物碱、黄酮、核苷酸及其衍生物、香豆素和木脂素、萜类、维生素、以及其他类型代谢物共12类。在HASS果实的熟化过程中，相对含量较高的代谢物包括氨基酸及其衍生物、核苷酸及其衍生物、有机酸、生物碱、游离脂肪酸（脂质）等5类物质。其中，氨基酸及其衍生物相对含量最高。随熟化时间的增加，果实中氨基酸及其衍生物、糖及醇类、酚酸类、黄酮类、萜类相对含量总体呈增加趋势，而核苷酸及其衍生物、有机酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱（脂质）、生物碱相对含量则总体呈下降趋势；香豆素和木脂素、游离脂肪酸相对含量变化不大。结果表明，熟化过程对牛油果果实的营养品质有一定影响。糖类、有机酸的快速转化是推动牛油果成熟的主要因素。黄酮类化合物：表儿茶素、柚皮素，以及酚酸类化合物：阿魏酸、绿原酸为牛油果成熟的生物标志物。; Avocado (Persea americana Mill) is an important commercial fruit with rich nutrition, and it is widely used in food, health care products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries. Because avocado is immature and does not fall on the tree, it is difficult to judge whether the fruit meets the harvesting standard only by its appearance. At the same time, avocado is a kind of respiratory climacteric fruit, which needs a certain period of post-ripening after harvest before it can be eaten. There are few studies on metabolic components, nutritional quality changes and postharvest ripening mechanism of avocado at home and abroad. In this study, Widely-targeted metabonomics analysis based on UPLC-MS was used to preliminarily discuss the changes of metabolic components in avocado fruits at different growth stages and ripening processes. The changes of nutrients in the fruits of three varieties of avocado in different growth periods were studied by using the classical methods of national standard. The results will provide a scientific basis for the establishment of the harvest time of avocado, and also provide a scientific basis for the changes of nutritional quality of avocado fruit during ripening. The main research contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1. Using avocado HASS as material, Widely-targeted metabonomics analysis of avocado was carried out. A total of 606 metabolites were identified, including amino acids and their derivatives, phenolic acids, organic acids, fatty acids, sugars and alcohols, alkaloids, flavonoids, lipids, nucleotides and their derivatives, coumarin and lignans, terpenes, vitamins, and other types of metabolites. All kinds of metabolites in HASS fruit changed dynamically with the growth time, among which the relative contents of lysophosphatidylcholine (lipid), organic acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, phenolic acids, vitamins and other metabolites decreased with the growth time, and then remained relatively stable. The relative contents of fatty acids (lipids), alkaloids, sugars and alcohols, coumarins and lignans increased with the growth time, and then remained relatively stable. The relative content of flavonoids and terpenoids in HASS fruit is less than 1%. From September to October, the metabolites in HASS fruits were quite different, and then remained stable, with little difference in metabolites accumulation level. Studies have shown that when avocado grows to a certain stage, its metabolic components change little. Metabolite analysis showed that there are 19 common metabolites in HASS fruits sampled at three different times, including flavonoids, lignans and coumarins, phenolic acids, lipids, vitamins, amino acids and their derivatives. These compounds may be representative molecular markers in the growth and development of avocado. 2. Using avocado HASS, V3 and V4 as materials, the changes of nutrients content in avocado fruits at different growth stages (from June to December) were studied.
语种	中文
	2022-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75177
专题	昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	唐妮. 基于代谢组学的牛油果化学品质的研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022.

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