Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
地衣暗亚玲孢和粉斑星点梅的微生物组研究 | |
徐海燕 | |
导师 | 龚洵 |
关键词 | 暗亚玲孢,粉斑星点梅,微生物组,微生物多样性,功能多样性 Heterodermia obscurata, Punctelia borreri, Microbiome, Microbiota diversity, Function diversity. |
摘要 | 地衣是由共生真菌和藻类或蓝细菌形成的生物复合体,是生物界最典型的互惠共生体,其二元性被广泛接受。但最近的研究将地衣重新定义为由一种共生真菌和胞外光合共生生物以及难以计数的其他微生物相互作用形成的微生态系统。地衣是研究多物种共生和微生物生态学的理想模型,用微生物组学的方法就可以探寻地衣体的所有微生物群落组成及功能。为了充分挖掘地衣体内的微生物资源,更好地理解地衣微生态系统的组成规律。本研究利用扩增子测序、宏基因组学以及可培养的方法对同一生境下的2种地衣暗亚玲孢 (Heterodermia obscurata) 和粉斑星点梅 (Punctelia borreri) 的相关微生物组进行了研究,是国内首次从微生物组的角度对地衣体的微生物群落结构和功能进行的整体解析。主要研究结果如下: 1. 运用两种主流的扩增子数据处理方法—OTUs聚类和去噪筛选ASVs对暗亚玲孢的内部微生物群进行解析,两种方法注释的结果存在差异,但都支持内生细菌的多样性均显著高于真菌和微藻的多样性,不同方法定义的核心微生物群存在偏差。亚玲孢属为地衣型真菌,座囊菌纲、散囊菌纲和粪壳菌纲是暗亚玲孢主要的内生真菌,其功能是植物病原菌、腐生菌及地衣寄生真菌。OTUs聚类的结果表明,共球藻OTU I13和TAE1在不同的暗亚玲孢个体中分别为优势藻。共球藻TAE1和地衣型真菌高度正相关,相对丰度最高的共球藻OTU I13为指示物种。内生细菌甲基孢囊菌科,醋酸杆菌科和甲基杆菌科是最主要的群落,其核心细菌甲基单胞菌属与地衣型真菌高度正相关。去噪筛选ASVs的结果支持3种藻类——共球藻OTU A15、I18_9719和 Clade Ⅱ LM-20143在暗亚玲孢中占优势,且样本间的优势共生藻差异较大,其中共球藻OTU A15为主要共生体。内生细菌拜叶林克氏菌科、醋酸杆菌科和鞘氨醇单胞菌科为优势科,所有的分析均支持拜叶林克氏菌科为暗亚玲孢的核心细菌。 2. 粉斑星点梅的内部微生物群采用扩增子的OTUs聚类和可培养的方法进行解析。OTUs聚类的结果表明:地衣型真菌梅衣科为优势真菌,主要内生真菌类群为粪壳菌纲、散囊菌纲和座囊菌纲;Coniochaetaceae,毛球壳科和线虫草科在不同地衣个体中富集形成差异,其功能为植物病原菌及地衣寄生真菌。优势藻为Trebouxia gelatinosa,还存在耐受性极强的内生藻类且不同个体中富集的种类不同。内生细菌菌群组成与暗亚玲OTUs聚类的结果相似,其中鞘脂单胞菌目多于根瘤菌目,但核心类群中根瘤菌目居多。采用可培养方法获得内生真菌、细菌和藻类共计312个菌株。经序列比对鉴定后获得40种真菌,其中最多的是粪壳菌纲,其次是座囊菌纲、散囊菌纲、伞菌纲以及李基那地衣纲;29种细菌中大多数是厚壁菌门芽孢杆菌属细菌,还包括放线菌门,变形菌门。所有的藻类菌株仅鉴定到一个物种Pseudochlorella pringsheimii。 3. 排除广泛的环境梯度、不同的真菌宿主和光合共生生物类型对地衣微生物群落形成的影响,首次解析了同质生态条件下地衣体内由不同光合共生伙伴作用引起的其他微生生物群落组装差异和功能变化,特别是对细菌群落的影响显著。同一生境下不同个体的暗亚玲孢中存在不同的优势藻类,并伴随着内生细菌和真菌的群落组成和功能变化。粉斑星点梅的内生真菌和藻类存在显著差异,其中藻类差异对内生细菌的群落组成和功能的影响更显著。 4.采用宏基因组测序的方法解析了同一生境下两种地衣相关的微生物的群落和功能组成,证明了其与基质之间存在菌群传递关系。地衣和基质表现出高度复杂的多样性,主要包括细菌、真菌、绿色植物、古菌、原生动物、病毒以及未识别类群。由于地衣未检测到宿主,细菌在所有样品中均占优势,其相对丰度超过45%,且相对丰度最高的是鞘氨醇单胞菌属,与肺衣的结果不一致。在地衣样本中的主要真菌是Xylona,明显多于基质的真菌类群;而基质中主要富集细菌,其他微生物仅占10%。将非冗余基因集序列与eggNOG数据库和KEGG功能数据库进行比对,获得了两种地衣和基质基因对应的57459个COG功能和11817个KO功能类别。从物种对功能的贡献度来看,地衣暗亚玲孢和粉斑星点梅微生物功能多样化的策略在维持其生长和健康方面具有一定作用。; Lichens are commonly recognized as a symbiotic association with a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, either green algae or cyanobacteria, or both. Lichens are the most typical mutualistic symbiotic microsystem in the biological world, the classical view of dual nature of fungal-algal lichen symbioses is widely accepted. However, the latest researches redefined lichen as a self-sustaining ecosystem formed by the interaction of an exhabitant fungus and an extracellular arrangement of one or more photosynthetic partners and an indeterminate number of other microscopic organisms. Therefore, lichens are ideal model for studying multi-species holobionts and microbial ecology, and the composition and function of microbial communities in lichens can be cuptured by the microbiomic methods. In order to adequately unearth the microbial resources in lichens and better understand the composition of the lichen micro-ecosystem. In this study, the microbiome of two lichens thalli of Heterodermia obscurata and Punctelia borreri under the same ecological condition were unravelled by amplicon sequencing, metagenomics and culturable methods. This is the first comprehensive investigation for the community structure and function of lichens from the perspective of microbiome in China. The main findings are as follows: 1. We used two mainstream amplicon data processing methods — OTUs clustering and ASVs denoising to analyze microbiota within thalli of H. obscurata. We found that differences exist in the annotated results by the two methods, but both methods supported endophytic bacteria displayed greater diversity than fungi and microalgae, and preferences for core taxa varied among the different definitions. Heterodermia was the lichen-forming fungus, the three classes Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycete were the top-ranked communities, their function were plant pathogen, saprotroph and lichen parasite. The results of OTUs clustering showed that the dominant algal species Trebouxia OTU I13 and T. sp. TAE1 were found in different across samples. Trebouxia TAE1 correlated positively with Heterodermia and the highest abundant algal species T. sp. OTU I13 was the indicator species. Methylocystaceae,Acetobacteraceae and Methylobacteriaceae were the most abdundant bacteria within thalli of H. obscurata, the core genus Methylobacterium highly positively correlated with Heterodermia. The results of ASVs denoising displayed that the three Trebouxia species OTU A15, which was the main symbionts, I18_9719 and Clade Ⅱ LM-2014 were dominant in thalli of H. obscurata and these dominant algae varies greatly among the samples. The endophytic bacteria Beijerinckiaceae, Acetobacteraceae and Sphingomonadaceae were the top three predominant communities and all the analyses supported the bacterium Beijerinckiaceae was the core microbiome. 2. In addition, we used the amplicon sequencing based on OTUs clustering and ulturable methods to detect the microbiota within thalli of |
语种 | 中文 |
2022-05 | |
学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
文献类型 | 学位论文 |
条目标识符 | http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75158 |
专题 | 昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 徐海燕. 地衣暗亚玲孢和粉斑星点梅的微生物组研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022. |
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