Knowledge Management System of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS
基于牛角瓜基因组解析其种子纤维发育和镉胁迫响应的机理 | |
杨景雅 | |
导师 | 许建初 |
关键词 | 牛角瓜,基因组,比较基因组,纤维发育,镉胁迫,分子机制 Calotropis, Genomics, Comparative genome, Fiber development, Cadmium stress, Molecular mechanism. |
摘要 | 随着社会对生态保护的日益重视,兼具生态保护和经济功能的复合型植物越来越受到各领域的青睐。牛角瓜(Calotropis spp.)是一种极度适应干热河谷环境的植物,其种子不仅附有堪比棉花的长纤维,并且对重金属有一定的耐性和富集。解析牛角瓜种子纤维发育的关键因子和对重金属镉响应的分子机理,对于提高牛角瓜的资源利用具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本研究首先组装了牛角瓜属的两个物种的基因组:亚洲牛角瓜(Calotropis gigantea L.)和非洲牛角瓜(Calotropis procera L.),基于基因组集中鉴别了牛角瓜纤维发育过程的关键因子,并揭示了其对镉的耐受性和响应机制。主要研究结果总结如下: 1. 牛角瓜属两个物种植物基因组分析 经 10x Genomics,PacBio 测序和 Hi-C 技术组装分别获得了 C. gigantea 和 C. procera 染色体水平的基因组序列。其中 C. gigantea 基因组大小为 156 Mb,C. procera 基因组大小为 162 Mb。C. gigantea 和 C. procera 基因组分别包含 24.47% 和 24%的重复序列,24679 和 25412 个蛋白编码基因。比较基因组学分析发现, C. gigantea 和 C. procera 基因组中有 666 和 797 个基因家族发生了扩张,1014 和580 个基因家族发生了收缩,其中扩张基因主要参与纤维合成,逆境响应,金属离子转运及光合作用等相关通路中。 物种进化树分析表明,牛角瓜属植物与夹竹桃科的植物(夹竹桃和长春花) 聚为一支,且 C. gigantea 和 C. procera 两个物种大约在 1.74 个百万年前分开。全基因组共线性分析发现两个物种间仅在 4 号、8 号、9 号及 11 号染色体区域发生倒位,其余染色体共线性良好。全基因组复制分析(Whole genome duplication, WGD)发现牛角瓜属植物共发生了两次 WGD 事件,除了历过一次真双子叶的γ-WGD 事件外,还经历了一次近期物种特异的 WGD 事件。 C. gigantea 和 C. procera 中分别发现 1238,1295 个转录因子,将这些转录因子比对到扩张基因中,发现发生扩张的转录因子都与植物的生物/非生物胁迫响应、开花调控和纤维发育相关。 2. 牛角瓜种子纤维发育的分子机理 为了解析牛角瓜纤维发育的关键因子,我们通过对牛角瓜不同组织及不同纤维发育阶段等 19 个样品进行 RNA 测序。利用 WGCNA(Weighted correlation network analysis,WGCNA)方法对转录组数据进行了分析,构建共表达网络, 筛选与纤维发育相关的共表达模块。结果发现 turquoise 模块中的基因在纤维发育的 4 个时期被激活并且表达模式一致,进一步对富集到 turquoise 模块中的基因进行 KEGG 功能富集分析,发现这些基因主要为微管蛋白和肌动蛋白基因、MYB 转录因子。此外,还涉及糖代谢、脂肪酸代谢、纤维素合成以及赤霉素和生长素两种激素信号通路中。对 turquoise 模块进行关键基因筛选,共得到 6 个关键基因分别是编码肌动蛋白合成基因(2 个),脂肪酸合成基因,微管蛋白相关基因,赤霉素调控基因和醛糖异构酶基因。 3. 牛角瓜镉胁迫下的分子响应机制 经重金属胁迫后植株耐受性分析发现,C. gigantea 的种子对镉有一定的耐受性。转录组分析发现,30 mg L-1 的镉溶液处理后,C. gigantea 的幼苗根和叶中分别有 176 个和 1618 个 DEGs。对 DEGs 功能注释后,发现氧化应激主要发生在根中,而叶片则通过激活相关镉解毒过程来应对镉胁迫,包括参与镉吸收、外排或区隔化的转运基因的上调;参与细胞壁重塑的基因表达增加;以及增强抗氧化系统以控制活性氧的积累和螯合作用的诱导。以上结果表明,牛角瓜对镉有一定的耐受性,可进一步用于镉污染土壤的生态恢复。 综上所述,本研究提供了牛角瓜两个种的染色体水平的基因组序列和相关的基因信息,为牛角瓜属植物的进一步研究提供了丰富的遗传信息。由于 C. procera在中国不能正常结果和人工授粉,因此我们对 C. gigantea 果实里的纤维进行了发育的分子机理解析,并找到了 6 个与种子纤维发育相关的关键基因。其次,我们发现牛角瓜对镉有一定的耐受性,具有作为镉污染土壤修复物种的潜力。; With renewed global attention given to ecological protection, compound plants with both ecological protection and economic functions are increasingly favored in various fields. Calotropis spp. is a plant adapted to the dry and hot valley environment. It not only has long seed fibers comparable to cotton, but also certain tolerance and enrichment for heavy metals. Revealing the key factors behind seed fiber development and molecular mechanisms behind the response to heavy metal cadmium, which have important theoretical value and practical significance for improving the resource utilization of Calotropis. In this study, we first assembled the genomes of two species of Calotropis: Calotropis gigantea L. and Calotropis Procera L. Based on the genomes, we identified key factors in the fiber development process of Calotropis and revealed its tolerance and response mechanisms to cadmium. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. Genomic information of the two species of Calotropis Using 10x genomics, PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology, genomic sequences at the chromosomal level of C. gigantea and C. Procera were obtained. The genome size of C. gigantea is 156 MB and C. Procera is 162 MB. The genomes of C. gigantea and C. Procera contain 24.47% and 24% repeats, and these two species have 24679 and 25412 protein-coding genes, respectively. Comparative genomics analysis found that 666 and 797 gene families in the genomes of C. gigantea and C. Procera had expanded, and 1014 and 580 gene families had contracted, respectively. The expansion genes are mainly involved in fiber synthesis, stress response, metal ion transportation and photosynthesis. The species phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the plants of Calotropis spp. clustered with the Apocynaceae family (Rhazya stricta and Catharanthus roseus) into one branch, and C. gigantea and C. Procera were diverged in about 1.74 million years ago. The whole genome collinearity analysis showed that inversion occurred only in the regions of chromosomes 4, 8, 9 and 11 between this two species, and the other chromosomes had good collinearity. Whole genome duplication (WGD) analysis found that two WGD events in the genus Calotropis in addition to a γ- WGD event also experienced a recent WGD event. 1238 and 1295 transcription factors were found in C. gigantea and C. Procera, respectively. By comparing these transcription factors with expansion genes, it was found that the transcription factors of expansion were related to plant biotic/abiotic stress responses, flowering regulation and fiber development. 2. Molecular regulation mechanism of seed fiber development of C. gigantea In order to analyze the key factors of fiber development of C. gigantea, we sequenced 19 samples from different tissues and different fiber development stages of C. gigantea. The weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to analyze transcriptomic data, construct the co-expression network and screen the co-expressio |
语种 | 中文 |
2022-05 | |
学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
文献类型 | 学位论文 |
条目标识符 | http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75118 |
专题 | 昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨景雅. 基于牛角瓜基因组解析其种子纤维发育和镉胁迫响应的机理[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022. |
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