云南被子植物蔷薇分支的演化历史研究

	云南被子植物蔷薇分支的演化历史研究
	杨入瑄
导师	李嵘
关键词	物种多样性，系统发育多样性，系统发育结构，进化历史，蔷薇分支 Species diversity, Phylogenetic diversity, Phylogenetic structure, Evolutionary history, Rosids
摘要	生物多样性是生物与其环境形成的生态复合体以及与此相关的各种生态过程的总和，包括植物、动物、微生物和它们的基因以及它们与其生存环境形成的复杂的生态系统。植物多样性作为生物多样性的重要组成部分，其地理分布影响并塑造着其他生物的分布。不同区域，有不一样的植物组成，揭示植物多样性的分布差异及其形成原因是植物学和生物地理学的热点问题。　　云南是全球生物多样性热点地区喜马拉雅、印度-缅甸、中国西南山地的交汇区，特殊的地质历史和地貌环境造就了云南丰富的植物多样性，使其成为研究植物多样性形成演变的理想场所。本研究以云南被子植物蔷薇分支为研究对象，结合物种的地理分布及系统发育关系，利用分类群和系统发育的alpha和beta多样性指标量化云南被子植物蔷薇分支全部物种、木本植物和草本植物的分类群和系统发育组成及空间转换格局，结合环境数据、区系地理成分及科属分化时间，探讨云南被子植物蔷薇分支植物多样性的起源、演化及形成原因，结论如下：　1、云南被子植物蔷薇分支计有67科533属3032种及461变种和58亚种。其中，木本植物计有57科403属2224种及358变种和29亚种，草本植物计有32科169属808种及103变种和29亚种。植物区系成分复杂、联系广泛、特有现象丰富；科属水平上，热带成分多于温带成分，植物区系与泛热带和热带亚洲植物区系联系最为密切；种水平上，温带成分多于热带成分，中国特有成分是植物区系的主体。　2、云南南部、东南部和西北部是被子植物蔷薇分支物种多样性和系统发育多样性最为集中的区域，也是物种组成和系统发育组成差异最大的地区。　3、云南被子植物蔷薇分支全部物种的多样性格局与木本植物基本一致，草本植物的多样性格局与木本植物的多样性格局差异较大。对木本植物来说，几乎云南全境均为聚集型的系统发育结构；对草本植物来说，西北部为聚集型系统发育结构，南部和东南部为离散型系统发育结构。　4、云南被子植物蔷薇分支物种多样性和系统发育多样性的分布格局受与气候相关的因素影响较为明显，其中季节性降水是最显著的影响因子。季节性降水对木本植物的系统发育结构影响最强，生境异质性和年均温对草本植物的系统发育结构影响最强。物种组成与系统发育组成相异性与环境距离和地理距离均显著相关，其中，年均温和生境异质性是影响物种组成和系统发育组成相异性的重要因子。　5、云南被子植物蔷薇分支木本植物的形成方式以迁移扩散为主，草本植物的形成方式以就地演化为主；云南西北部既是木本植物也是草本植物的最近分化区域，云南东南部既保留有大量木本植物的古老类群，也孕育了诸多木本植物的新生类群。; Biodiversity is the synthesis formed by organisms and their environment, and the various ecological processes related to it, including plants, animals, microorganisms and their genes as well as the complex ecosystem formed by them and their living environment. As an important part of biodiversity, the geographical distribution of plant diversity affects and shapes the distribution of other organisms, but different regions have different plant composition. It has been a hot issue in botany and biogeography to reveal the distribution differences of plant diversity and its underlying causes. 　Yunnan is located at a transitional zone with the Sino-Himalayan floristic region, the India-Burma floristic region and the Southwestern China mountains, its unique geological history and geographical environment have made the complex and diverse plant composition, leading Yunnan an ideal place to investigate the plant diversity patterns and underlying causes. Here, taking the rosids of angiosperms in Yunnan as example, and combing the geographical distribution information and phylogenetic relationships, we assessed taxonomic and phylogenetic α and β diversity of the all species, woody plants and herbaceous plants. And then integrating the environmental factors, floristic geographical component, divergence time of families and genera Chinese angiosperms, the origin, evolution and underling formation causes of rosids in Yunnan angiosperms flora were discussed. The results are as follows: 　1. There are 67 families and 577 genera including 3032 species, 529 variety and 58 subspecies of rosids in Yunnan angiosperms. And there are 2225 species, 396 variety and 29 subspecies of woody plants belonging to 404 genera, 57 families. There are 807 species, 133 variety and 29 subspecies of herb species belonging to 168 genera, 31 families. The floras are characterized by complex geographical composition, highly endemic and extensive communication with other floras in the world. At the level of family and genus, tropical composition is more than temperate composition, and the flora is most closely related to Pantropic and Tropical Asia flora. At the species level, temperate components were slightly more than tropical components, and Chinese endemic components were the main part of the flora. 　2. The southern, southeastern and northwestern regions of Yunnan as a significant diversity center for species and phylogenetic composition of rosids, and these areas have high difference of species composition and phylogenetic composition. 　3. The diversity pattern of all species and woody plants was highly consistent, while the diversity pattern of herbaceous plants was quite different from that of woody plants. For woody plants, the phylogenetic structure is almost clustered in Yunnan, however, the phylogenetic structure of herbaceous plants is clustered in the northwest and overdispersion in the south and southeast. 　4. The species diversity and phylogenetic diversity patterns
语种	中文
	2022-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/75091
专题	昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨入瑄. 云南被子植物蔷薇分支的演化历史研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2022.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
杨入瑄-云南被子植物蔷薇分支的演化历史研（1988KB）	学位论文		限制开放	CC BY-NC-SA	请求全文