中国食用玫瑰的复杂网状起源

	中国食用玫瑰的复杂网状起源; Complex and reticulate origin of edible roses (Rosa, Rosaceae) in China
	崔卫华
导师	胡金勇
摘要	In China, rose flowers have flavored foods for millennia, thus those varieties used for food sources are called edible roses. Recently, edible roses have been rapidly developed into an important industry for the regional characteristic agriculture development in several provinces, with diverse varieties and different forms. However, currently China only stipulates one cultivar, Rosa rugosa 'Plena' (‘Chongban Hongmeigui’ in Chinese), to be used as a common food resource. Most of the locally used cultivars have no clear origin and hybridization history with their genetic relationships to ‘Plena’ unknown. Many varieties flower only once a year while only few can bloom continuously. This complex situation provokes risks in food safety, thus affects heavily the breeding of new and high-quality edible rose varieties and the normal development of the edible rose industry. In this thesis, the mainly cultivated edible rose varieties were investigated and collected. Combining with literature investigation on the cultivation or origin of rose cultivars, edible roses and their possible related wild species were sampled and sequenced. Their plastome sequences were assembled, and their haplotypes for internal transcribed spacers (ITS1/ITS2) of the 18S-5.8S-26S nuclear ribosomal cistron were phased. Through phylogenetic analysis and by morphology and ploidy comparison, paternal ancestors of edible rose varieties were traced, and the origin and genetic relationship of the varieties were preliminarily clarified. At the same time, a robust phylogenetic relationship of Rosa was reconstructed. The main findings were as follows: (1) A well-resolved plastome phylogeny for Rosa was reconstructed, with high support on most branches. Rosa was resolved as monophyletic, while the three small subgenera nested within subgenus Rosa. The early diversification of Rosa could be divided into two stages. The first stage gave birth to clades C1 to C4, and the second stage separated clade C4 into C4-1 to C4-5. Plastome phylogenetic analysis revealed that six wild relative species might have participated in the formation of 16 edible roses as maternal ancestors. Based on the maternal ancestors, edible roses were classified into six groups: Moschata, Gallica, Spontanea, Mutabilis, Rugosa, and Kushui. (2) The ITS haplotypes of rose materials were phased reliably and accurately based on the next-generation sequencing data. The tri-parental origin of R. × damascena, the species most widely used in perfume products and food additives, was confirmed as a descendent of past hybridizations among R. moschata, R. gallica, and R. majalis/R. fedtschenkoana/R. davurica. Furtherly, a phylogenetic clustering of ITS haplotypes revealed the complex origins of various edible rose varieties. (3) Combining the sequence and phylogenetic information from the plastomes and ITS haplotypes, the complex network origin of the existing edible roses was predicted.
	2021-11
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/74637
专题	昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	崔卫华. 中国食用玫瑰的复杂网状起源, Complex and reticulate origin of edible roses (Rosa, Rosaceae) in China[D],2021.

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