Porcini mushrooms (Boletus sect. Boletus) have both economic and ecological importance. Recent molecular phylogenetic study has uncovered rich species diversity of this group of fungi from China. In this study, the Chinese porcini were characterized by both morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. 15 species were recognized, including nine new species, namely B. botryoides, B. fagacicola, B. griseiceps, B. monilifer, B. sinoedulis, B. subviolaceofuscus, B. tylopilopsis, B. umbrinipileus and B. viscidiceps. Three previously described species, viz. B. bainiugan, B. meiweiniuganjun and B. shiyong, were revised, and B. meiweiniuganjun is treated as a synonym of B. bainiugan. A key to the Chinese porcini mushrooms was provided.